Abstract: An amphoteric polyelectrolite represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H or alkyl, R.sup.5 is H, alkyl or w--OH substituted alkyl, HY is monobasic acid, and Z is amide.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed comprising an alicyclic epoxy compound formed by an epoxidation reaction of a polymerized cyclo olefin compound having double bonds with an epoxidating agent.A cured epoxy resin according to the present invention has excellent heat resistance, outdoor durability, and water resistance, attributable to the absence of ether units derived from the ring-opening of epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups derived from an initiating agent.

Abstract: A copolymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isoolefin and a para-alkylstyrene is provided as well as the corresponding halogenated, functionalized and grafted derivatives thereof. Processes for producing these copolymers are also provided.

Abstract: A terpolymer having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n=0 to 12; x is about 15 to about 75 mole percent; y is about 25 to about 85 mole percent; z is about 0.1 to about 10 mole percent; R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 equal to H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, alkyl amino, alkylpolyamino, alkyl amino ether, alkyl amino alcohol groups and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A surface-modified fibrillated fiber composition is disclosed herein which comprises polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer and a surface of pendant N-haloamide groups. Also disclosed is a process for the production of said composition.

Abstract: New ketocarboxylated polymers which comprise an ester of a ketodiacid precursor, and part of all of the hydroxy or thiol groups of a polymer having one or more pendant hydroxy or thiol groups, are useful as adhesives, coatings, membranes and the like.

Abstract: Polybutenyl substituted succinic acylating agents are formed by reacting (a) an acidic reactant represented by the general formulaR--CO--CH.dbd.CH--CO--R'wherein R and R' are independently --OH, --O--lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom, with (b) a polymer composed mainly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of the polymer having an end group represented by the formula ##STR1##The mole ratio o9f acidic reactant: polymer is at least 1:1; and the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the reaction period. The reaction rate is high, the yields of desired product are high, and despite the fact that superatmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures are used, the process forms only small amounts of tars or resinous co-products, even when employing as much as a 20% or more molar excess of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Polyglutarimides exhibit improved optical properties, as well as lowered content of non-aqueous volatiles, when the molten polyglutarimide is mixed with water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof, and the water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof is removed prior to isolation and processing of the polyglutarimide.

Abstract: The monomer cis-5,6-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-cyclohexadiene can be polymerized with certain nickel II catalysts, such as bis[(ally)trifluoroacetatonickel(II)], bis[(allyl)pentafluorophenoxynickel(II)], and bis[(allyl)iodonickel(II)]. The resulting polymer is a precursor to poly(para-phenylene). Other substituted cyclohexadienes may also be polymerized by these catalysts to form useful polymers.

Abstract: Composition of matter useful as multifunctional viscosity index improver for lubricating oil comprising reaction product of:(i)(a) degraded ethylene-alpha-olein copolymer obtained by degrading copolymer of ethylene and at least one other alpha-olefin monomer, said copolymer comprising intramolecularly heterogeneous copolymer chains containing at least one crystallizable segment of methylene units and at least one low crystallinity ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer segment, wherein said at least one crystallizable segment comprises at least about 10 weight percent of said copolymer chain and contains at least about 57 weight percent ethylene, wherein said low crystallinity segment contains not greater than about 53 weight percent ethylene, and wherein said copolymer has a molecular weight distribution characterized by at least one of a ratio of M.sub.w /M.sub.n of less than 2 and a ratio of M.sub.z /M.sub.w of less than 1.

Abstract: Provided are novel thermosetting coating compositions comprised of a an epoxy containing acrylic copolymer and 1,3- and/or 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid as crosslinking agents. Also provided are shaped or formed articles coated with the cured compositions. The compositions of the invention were found to provide coatings with markedly superior hardness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to elastomeric copolymers and block copolymers, e.g., based upon styrene/isoprene, having a novel condensed phase structure wherein polymer branches occur along the polymer backbone, either at a predetermined location or at random locations. The polymers are made by a method which comprises the step of reacting, under polymerization conditions, hydrocarbyl lithium initiator, at least one anionically polymerizable compound, and an organometallic-substituted styrene condensing agent. The reactants may be added simultaneously to produce a copolymer with polymer branch segments randomly located along the polymer backbone or sequentially to produce a copolymer with branches located at the same predetermined location along the polymer backbone. The resultant polymers may be further reacted with a linking agent to form multi-arm copolymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a block copolymer containing one or more blocks of a perfluoroether polymer and one or more blocks of a polymer made from selected hydrocarbon monomers, the blocks being connected by connecting segments, each such segment including a group selected from: ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen or methyl, and Y is dihydrocarbylamino and hydrocarbyloxy.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiplex ethylene coplymer comprising (a) 50 to 94.8 mole % of units derived from ethylene, which are represented by the following formula (I):--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- (I)(b) 5 to 45 mole % of units derived from a monomer selected from alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, vinyl carboxylates and isopropenyl carboxylates, which are represented by the following formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X is ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 stand for an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and (c) 0.2 to 5 mole % of units derived from a monomer having a radical-polymerizable ethylenic double bond and at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond which is different from a double bond of an aromatic nucleus. This ethylene copolymer can be easily cured, and the cured copolymer is a rubber having excellent oil resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: A resin composition for use as a paint contains a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing a monomer (I) represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein either one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 stands for an acryloyloxy or methacryloyloxy group, the other being a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 to R.sub.10 each stand for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and n is an integer of 1 to 4; with an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a reactive functional group and an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having no reactive functional group. A monomer mixture for preparing the copolymer contains 5 to 95 wt % of the monomer (I).

Abstract: The inclusion of an ester of a linear dibasic acid having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a branched alcohol having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms in a composition comprising a silyl polymer and an organometallic silanol condensation catalyst, increases the tendency of the composition to crosslink under ambient conditions. The invention includes compositions crosslinkable by the action of water comprising a silyl polymer, a dicarboxylic acid ester and an organometallic silanol condensation catalyst and also processes for the preparation of the compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing imide bond-containing resins. The method comprises reacting a halogenated phthalic anhydride, a specific copolymer and a diisocyanate compound in an inert solvent in the presence of a quaternary phosphonium compound as a catalyst to give an imide bond-containing resin in high yield. The imide bond-containing resins provide flammable substances with good fire or flame resistance and at the same time themselves have good heat resistance and weather resistance. Therefore, the resins can be used as flame retardants in a broad range of application.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and lubricants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a poly(alpha-ketoester) compound represented by the formula (1); ##STR1## wherein G is a residue of an active hydrogen-containing compound G--(X--H).sub.n, or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or a polymeric compound residue, X is an oxygen atom or --CH.sub.2, n is an integer of 3 to 1,000, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or an aryl group, and a production thereof.

Abstract: A vulcanizable elastomer composition is prepared by blending 100 parts by weight of a copolymer containing(A) 50-85% by mole of ethylene unit,(B) 10-45% by mole of an alkyl acrylate unit having the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, (C) 2-35% by mole of an alkoxyalkyl acrylate unit having the formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.3 is an alkylene having 1-4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 is an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, each having 1-4 carbon atoms, and(D) up to 5% by mole of a glycidyl ester unit having the formula (III), ##STR3## wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl, and 0.1-10 parts by weight of at least one vulcanizing agent.The vulcanizable composition can give vulcanizates of well-balanced properties having an improved low-temperature resistance and retaining excellent oil resistance.

Abstract: Thermoplastic block copolymers of the idealized formulae (I)A--B--A; B--A--B or (A--B).sub.x (I)in whichx=1 to 40,and whereinA is the radical of a homopolymer of styrene, vinylnaphthalene, butadiene and isoprene, andB the radical of a homopolymer of a cyclic polycarbonate or lactone,the average molecular weight of blocks A and B being greater than 800, and a process for the preparation of these blocks copolymers in several reaction stages.

Abstract: Polybutenyl substituted succinic acylating agents are formed by reacting (a) an acidic reactant represented by the general formulaR--CO--CH.dbd.CH--CO--R'wherein R and R' are independently --OH, --O-lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom, with (b) a polymer composed mainly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of the polymer having an end group represented by the formula ##STR1## The mole ratio of acidic reactant:polymer is at least 1:1; and the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the reaction period. The reaction rate is high, the yields of desired product are high, and despite the fact that superatmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures are used, the process forms only small amounts of tars or resinous co-products, even when employing as much as a 20% or more molar excess of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A process for converting the pendant keto groups of ketonic polymers to ester groups is provided. The process involves reacting the polymer with an organic peroxyacid oxodizing agent in an inert liquid medium at a temperature from -20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. to convert substantially all or only a portion of the pendant carbonyl functionality to oxycarbonyl moieties. Homopolymers or copolymers of .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated ketones, such as methyl vinyl ketone and ethyl vinyl ketone, are readily modified with the process of this invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a viscosity index improver for lubricating oil compositions comprising the reaction product of A a copolymer of ethylene and at least one other alpha-olefin monomer, said copolymer grafted with ethylenically monoansaturataed carboxylic acid material and B amido-amine or thioamido-amine comprising the reaction product of a polyamine and alpha, beta-unsaturated compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, Y is OR.sup.4, --SR.sup.4 or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of acetoacetates and other .beta.-ketoesters is provided, involving reaction of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur nucleophiles with a tetriaryalkyl acetoacetate or tetriaryalkyl .beta.-ketoester.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a normally solid, gel-free, amorphous to predominantly crystalline, propylene polymer material having free-end branches of propylene units and strain hardening elongational viscosity by peroxide decomposition of the propylene polymer material in the substantial absence of oxygen at certain temperatures for certain periods of time, and then deactivating the free radicals in the material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymeric vehicle comprising a modified polymer containing covalently bonded mesogenic groups. The modified polymer may be used as the sole component of the polymeric vehicle for a coating to which may be added solvents and known additives to provide a formulated coating. The polymeric vehicle may further include other modified or unmodified polymers and cross-linking resins. The polymeric vehicle provides a coating binder and coating film of high hardness, flexibility and impact resistance.

Abstract: Compositions comprising microparticles of a cross-linkable, glyoxalated (meth)acrylamide containing, polymeric material are disclosed. They are prepared using inverse mircoemulsion polymerization techniques and are useful as wet- and dry-strength agents in paper production.

Abstract: This invention provides cationic acrylamide polymers which are highly effective as paper strength agents, drainage agents and suspension flocculants, and which do not show much temporal deterioration; it also provides a method of manufacturing said polymers wherein the manufacturing equipment is compact and can be installed on site, and the cationicity of the polymers can be modified in a short time.This invention comprises a method of manufacturing cationic acrylamide polymers by reaction, with a hypohalogenite, of a (meth)acrylamide homopolymer, a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and acrylonitrile, a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and N,N-dimethylacrylamide, in a high temperature range of 50.degree.-110.degree. C. for a short time; the polymers manufactured by said process; and paper strength agents, drainage agents and flocculants having these polymers as their principal constituent.

Abstract: Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polymer chains are end capped with at least one functional group-containing unit which is otherwise essentially absent from said polymer chain. The chains can be grafted to form graft copolymers and star copolymers. The compositions are useful as oil additives and in general purpose elastomer as well as thermoplastic polymer compositions.

Abstract: The inclusion of an ester of a linear dibasic acid having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a branched alcohol having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms in a composition comprising a silyl polymer and an organometallic silanol condensation catalyst, increases the tendency of the composition to crosslink under ambient conditions. The invention includes compositions crosslinkable by the action of water comprising a silyl polymer, a dicarboxylic acid ester and an organometallic silanol condensation catalyst and also processes for the preparation of the compositions.

Abstract: Use of strong acidic materials, such as molecular sieves, reduces the level of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) produced during the visbreaking of polyolefins.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a composition comprising a polybutyl ketone and a hydroxyester of an epoxidized polybutene wherein the epoxide groups of said epoxidized polybutene are at least 70% trisubstituted. Acid compounds are reacted with epoxidized polybutenes to obtain compositions of increased reactivity as compared with polybutyl ketone compounds. These compositions are useful as chemical intermediates to modify such materials as polyesters and polyurethenes, for applications such as coatings, foams, and sealants.

Abstract: Production of an aqueous-based composition comprising a fluoropolymer and a vinyl copolymer by (1) preparing a non-aqueous solution of a fluoropolymer comprising repeat units derived from at least one fluorolefine and repeat units bearing chain-pendant disperser groups imparting water-emulsifiability or water-solubility to the fluoropolymer; (2) converting the non-aqueous solution formed in step (1) into an aqueous-based emulsion or solution of said fluoropolymer; and (3) polymerising at least one vinyl monomer to form a vinyl polymer in the presence of said aqueous-based emulsion or solution from step (2).

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymers exhibiting improved physical properties and a method for preparing same compositions comprises reacting a functionalized base polymer composition having pendant cyclic anhdyride groups with a coreactive second moiety. Said functionalized base polymer comprises the reaction product of:I. a hydroxyl containing base polymer comprising the reaction product of:(a) a vinyl halide monomer; and(b) at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant hydroxyl functional group; andII. a cyclic polyanhydride functionalizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making elastomeric copolymers and block copolymers, e.g., based upon styrene/isoprene, having a novel condensed phase structure wherein polymer branches occur along the polymer backbone, either at a predetermined location or at random locations. The method comprises the step of reacting, under polymerization conditions, hydrocarbyl lithium initiator, at least one anionically polymerizable compound, and an organometallic- substituted styrene condensing agent. The reactants may be added simultaneously to produce a copolymer with polymer branch segments randomly located along the polymer backbone or sequentially to produce a copolymer with branches located at the same predetermined location along the polymer backbone. The resultant polymers may be further reacted with a linking agent to form multi-arm copolymers.

Abstract: Polymeric compounds comprise groups of the formula ##STR1## attached to carbon atoms of a polymer containing hydroxyl and optionally epoxide groups wherein X is ##STR2## The compounds are produced by reacting a starting polymer, which contains hydroxy groups and optionally epoxide groups with a reagent containing a cyclic anhydride group and a further functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl (and/or epoxide) groups preferentially to the anhydride group. The compounds are useful as bakeable support resins for radiation sensitive compounds in the production of printing plates.

Abstract: A super-toughened multiphase thermoplastic composition is provided by incorporating with an .alpha.,.omega.-polyamide at least one functionalized, selectively hydrogenated alkenyl arene/conjugated diene non-network forming block copolymer to which has been grafted an effective amount of carboxyl functional groups primarily in the alkenyl arene blocks thereof.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymers exhibiting improved physical properties and a method for preparing same are described. The method of preparing these polymer compositions comprises reacting a functionalized base polymer composition having pendant cyclic anhydride groups with a coreactive second moiety. Said functionalized base polymer comprises the reaction product of:I. a hydroxyl containing base polymer comprising the reaction product of:(a) a vinyl halide monomer; and(b) at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant hydroxyl functional group; andII. a cyclic polyanhydride functionalizing agent.

Abstract: A bulk process for the formation of hydroxyl-containing polymeric compositions comprising the reaction in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst of a hydroxyl group containing ethylenic polymer with a cyclic ester in the absence of a solvent is described. The compositions have enhanced film-forming characteristics including flexibility, resistance to corrosion, and the like.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels containing bound dye indicator molecules being sensitive to pH variation are treated with an aqueous solution for a period of time until the shifting of the pK value of the gel, due to the treatment, has finished.

Abstract: A vulcanizable elastomer composition is prepared by blending100 parts by weight of a copolymer containing(A) 50-85% by mole of ethylene unit,(B) 10-45% by mole of an alkyl acrylate unit having the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, (C) 2-35% by mole of an alkoxyalkyl acrylate unit having the formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.3 is an alkylene having 1-4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 is an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, each having 1-4 carbon atoms, and(D) up to 5% by mole of a glycidyl ester unit having the formula (III), ##STR3## wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl, and 0.1-10 parts by weight of at least one vulcanizing agent.The vulcanizable composition can give vulcanizates of well-balanced properties having an improved low-temperature resistance and retaining excellent oil resistance.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: It is sometimes desirable to cure rubber compositions utilizing non-sulfur curing agents. The subject invention reveals rubber compositions which can be cured without utilizing sulfur or sulfur containing compounds. The subject invention more specifically disclosed a rubber composition which can be crosslinked by heating which is comprised of (1) at least one rubber having pendant blocked isocyanate groups bound thereto; and (2) at least one compound which contains at least 2 Zerewitinoff active hydrogens.This invention also discloses crosslinking of elastomer compounds containing (1) at least one rubber having functionalized groups containing at least one Zerewitinoff active hydrogen and (2) at least one compound which contains at least two blocked isocyanate groups. This invention also discloses self-curing elastomers containing both blocked isocyanate groups and groups containing at least one active Zerewitinoff hydrogen.

Abstract: Water-dilutable binders for water-dilutable lacquers, coating compositions or sealing compounds consist essentially of a mixture of 5 to 40 parts by weight of a crosslinker resin and 60 to 95 parts by weight of a copolymer containing carboxyl groups or acid anhydride groups or both and further containing hydroxyl groups, and wherein the carboxyl or acid anhydride groups have been at least partially converted into carboxylate groups to the degree necessary to provide solubility or dispersibility of the binder in water and said copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid, a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, an olefinic monomer, a hydroxy-free acrylate or methacrylate and, optionally other mono-or polyunsaturated monomer, and wherein at least 30% of the hydroxyl groups of the copolymer are modified by esterification with a lactone.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymers exhibiting improved physical properties and a method for preparing same are described. The method of preparing these polymer compositions comprises reacting a functionalized base polymer composition having pendant cyclic anhydride groups with a coreactive second moiety. Said functionalized base polymer comprises the reaction product of:I. a hydroxyl containing base polymer comprising the reaction product of:(a) a vinyl halide monomer; and(b) at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant hydroxyl functional group; andII. a cyclic polyanhydride functionalizing agent.

Abstract: Preformed carboxylated rubber particles are effective for toughening fiber reinforced composite structures based on thermoset resins such as epoxy resin formulations. The composites are effectively toughened by adding the carboxylated rubber particles to the matrix resin prior to curing the composite.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymers exhibiting improved physical properties and a method for preparing same are described. The method of preparing these polymer compositions comprises reacting a functionalized base polymer composition having pendant cyclic anhydride groups with a coreactive second moiety. Said functionalized base polymer comprises the reaction product of:I. a hydroxyl containing base polymer comprising the reaction product of:(a) a vinyl halide monomer; and(b) at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant hydroxyl functional group; andII. a cyclic polyanhydride functionalizing agent.

Abstract: C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone based adduct materials are made by reacting a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with a polyamine, a polyol or an amino alcohol to form a lactone adduct intermediate, and thereafter reacting the intermediate with a hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid producing material, e.g., a polyisobutenyl succinimide, which, in turn, preferably was made by reacting a polymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a molecular weight of about 300 to 10,000 with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 0.7 to 2.0 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting adduct material are useful per se, as oil soluble dispersant additives, and are useful in fuel and lubricating oil compositions including concentrates containing the additives.