Abstract: A toughened multiphase thermoplastic composition is provided by incorporating at least one functionalized, selectively hydrogenated alkenyl arene/conjugated diene block copolymer to which has been grafted an effective amount of carboxyl functional groups primarily in the alkenyl arene blocks thereof with a thermoplastic polyester. The carboxyl functional groups may be in the form of carboxylic acids, their salts, their esters, and combinations of two or more of these.

Abstract: A one-pot process for preparing a polymer carrying pendant organic residues attached thereto via linking bridges comprises forming an organic solvent solution or suspension of an organic acid, distilling off a water-organic solvent azeotropic solution therefrom to form an organic solvent solution or suspension of the corresponding anhydride of the organic acid, admixing into the organic solvent solution or suspension of the corresponding anhydride a polymer comprising pendant moieties capable of reacting with the --COOH residues of the organic acid derivatized polymer having at least one pendant residue of the organic acid attached thereto via a bridge resulting from the reaction of the --COOH residue of the acid and the pendant reactive residues of the polymer, and free organic acid under conditions permitting the formation of an organic ester or amine-bridged polymer and separating the derivatized polymer from the organic solvent solution of the free organic acid.

Abstract: A foundry binder comprising an aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate and calcium hydroxide is cured by the addition of a liquid ester.

Abstract: Organic groups covalently bound to a polymer backbone provide second or third order nonlinear susceptibilities to the polymer. In another aspect, a method is disclosed for providing the novel polymers of the invention. Polymers of the invention can be directionally oriented to provide useful optically nonlinear media for use in nonlinear optical devices such as optical switches or light modulation devices.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing polyacrylonitrile copolymers by Heterogeneous reaction of polyacrylonitrile aquagel. Generally, the method includes the steps of preparing a solution of polyacrylonitrile by dissolving the polyacrylonitrile in a water-miscible solvent which is capable of dissolving the polyacrylonitrile but incapable of hydrolyzing the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile under the dissolution conditions. Coagulating the polyacrylonitrile solution by replacing the solvent with a coagulating fluid such as water or a water-miscible fluid incapable of dissolving polyacrylonitrile at temperatures below 80.degree. C. and incapable of reacting with the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile, thus obtaining the polymer in the aquagel state. Replacing the coagulating fluid with a fluid reagent capable of reacting with the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile aquagel but incapable of dissolving the polyacrylonitrile aquagel at the selected reaction temperature.

Abstract: Isobutylene homopolymers and copolymers are prepared using a catalyst system comprising a haloadamantane component and a Lewis acid. Branched polymers are prepared using polyhaloadamantanes, the branches being attached to the adamantane at the former location of the halide. The preferred catalyst systems are diethylaluminum chloride and bromoadamantane as well as polybromo, or polychloroadamantanes.

Abstract: ABA triblock polymers that have glycidyl methacrylate as the A segments and (meth)acrylate monomers as the B segment are made by group transfer polymerization, using a monofunctional initiator to make the A, then AB segments. A coupling agent is used to connect the AB segments at the B group.

Abstract: Polydiene rubbers are commonly compounded with carbon black in making a wide variety of rubber articles including tires, hoses and belts. It is generally desirable for the carbon black to be well dispersed throughout the polydiene in order to attain optimal physical properties. For instance, the traction and rolling resistance of tires which are made utilizing such rubbers can be improved by better dispersing the carbon black throughout the polydiene. The subject invention discloses a technique for capping polydienes in order to improve their affinity for carbon black. The present invention more specifially reveals a process for preparing a polydiene having a high level of affinity for carbon black which comprises reacting a metal terminated polydiene with a capping agent selected from the group consisting of (a) halogenated nitriles having the structural formula X--A--C.tbd.

Abstract: A curable elastomeric composition comprising an epoxy group-containing acrylate-type elastomer in combination with (1) a polycarboxylic acid or its anhydride, (2) a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt and (3) a urea.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkali-soluble graft polymer is disclosed. The graft polymer has at least one main chain and a plurality of side chains attached thereto. The process comprises combining at least one vinylic monomer that is capable of forming free radicals, at least one ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer that is capable of addition-copolymerization with the vinylic monomer in the presence of the thus-formed free radicals, and cyclic ester molecules that are capable of ring-opening in the presence of the carboxylic acid monomer, to produce a polymerizable mixture. the polymerizable mixture to subjected to a preselected temperature and pressure for causing the monomers to free-radically addition-copolymerize to form the main chain while the cyclic ester molecules graft thereon, thereby forming the side chains of the graft polymer. The process is characterized in that the main-chain and side-chain formations of the graft polymer occur substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to grafted ethylene polymers and copolymers characterized in that they are thermoplastic and, if appropriate, crosslinkable and soluble at ambient temperature in organic solvents and/or aqueous media and in that they are prepared by polymerization of (in % by weight relative to the resin obtained):0.5 to 30% of at least one unoxidized polyethylene and/or an unoxidized ethylene copolymer based on at least 70% by weight of ethylene, the said polyethylene or ethylene copolymer being defined by the following properties:a weight average molecular weight (Mw) between 900 and 60,000,a Brookfield viscosity at 190.degree. C. of between 0.1 and 500 poises and/or a Brookfield viscosity at 140.degree. C. of between 0.1 and 2,000 poises.a crystallinity, measured using X rays, of between 10% and 80%,and, if desired, containing ester, anhydride or acid functional groups originating from the ethylene comonomers,70 to 99.

Abstract: A reversible thermosensitive recording material is disclosed, which comprises (a) a support, and (b) a reversible thermosensitive recording layer formed thereon, which comprises as the main components a matrix resin, at least one higher monocarboxylic fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms, and at least one aliphatic saturated dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, with the ratio by weight of the amount of the higher monocarboxylic fatty acid to the amount of the aliphatic saturated dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof being in the range of (95:5) to (20:80).

Abstract: A resin composition to be used as a resinous vehicle for an antifouling paint and a process for preparing the same, comprising reacting a mixture of(A) an acid group containing base resin having an acid value in the range of 25-350 mg KOH/g, selected from the group consisting of vinyl resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin and epoxy resin,(B) a metallic salt of low boiling organic basic acid having a boiling point in the range of 100.degree.-240.degree. C., the metal is selected from metals having a valence of 2 or more and a lesser ionization tendency than alkali metals, and(C) an organic monobasic acid having a boiling point of 20.degree. C. or more higher than said low boiling organic basic acid at an elevated temperature which is lower than the decomposition temperature of said metallic salt of said low boiling organic basic acid, while removing the formed low boiling organic basic acid out of the system. The subject composition provides superior antifouling coating compositions.

Abstract: An adhesive composition comprising a component which is polymerizable or cross-linkable with a peroxy initator, e.g., a (meth)acrylic ester monomer, thiolene resin, or tough acrylic copolymer, and an initiator of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl; and R.sub.2 is H or --OR.sub.3, where R.sub.3 is H or lower alkyl.An appertaining method of bonding substrates, and bonded articles formed thereby, are also disclosed. The adhesive composition of the invention is particularly advantageous in bonding of metal substrates, on which the maleic acid peroxy compounds of the invention produce surface bonding enhancement of the adhesive composition, relative to the use of conventional polymerization/crosslinking peroxy initiators such as t-butyl perbenzoate.

Abstract: A composition and process for making an alternating copolymerization of acceptor monomers such as acrylic acid and derivatives thereof and donor monomers containing free amine groups therein such as an aminostyrene compound. The free amine groups are initially protected by conversion to an imide derivative such as phthalimide, or the like, and then reacted with the acceptor monomers. After copolymerization, the free amine is regenerated. The alternating copolymerization reaction is usually carried out in the presence of Lewis acids which act as complexing agents. The alternating copolymers of the present invention are useful as antistatic agents or as thickening agents as in oil recovery.

Abstract: A carbonyl groups containing macromolecular material which is suitable for use as a sorbent for ammonia, urea or amino compounds. It contains structural units having 3 or more, optionally hydrated vicinal carbonyl groups, preferably keto groups, the C-atoms of which may form part of a ring structure. Particularly, the ring structure contains 5-7 C-atoms, and at least 2 ring atoms may form part of an aromatic ring system. The starting material used may be made of a polymer of the same type as that used in the manufacture of ion exchange resins. The carbonyl group containing unit may form part of an independent compound, e.g., ninhydrin which may be physically bonded to the macromolecular material, but is preferably covalently bonded thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing imide bond-containing resins and flame retardants comprising such resins. The method comprises subjecting a halogenated phthalic anhydride, a specific copolymer and a diamine to dehydration reaction in an inert solvents to give an imide bond-containing resin. The resins provide flammable substances with good fire or flame resistance and at the same time themselves have good heat resistance and weather resistance. Therefore, the flame retardants comprising these resins have a wide field of application.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic adhesive comprising a modified polyolefin resin having a branch chain having at least one carbonyl group and at least one benzene nucleus in one side chain. This adhesive shows a strong bonding force to a chlorine-containing polymer or an aromatic group-containing polymer such as a polyester and is especially valuable for the production of a laminate of such a resin and a polyolefin. A blend or block copolymer comprising an olefin resin component that can contain a carboxyl group and a carbon-to-carbon chain resin component having a benzoic acid ester or cinnamic acid ester group in the side chain is especially excellent in the bonding characteristics, particularly the heat-resistance adhesion.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer and an article of manufacture consisting essentially of this polymer are described herein which possess excellent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures. The polymer is obtained by modifying a block copolymer composed of a conjugated diene compound and an alkenyl arene compound. The block copolymer is first selectively hydrogenated and thereafter modified by grafting carboxyl containing functional groups primarily in the alkenyl arene block via metalation. The mechanical properties may be varied and controlled by varying the degree of functionalization (amount of carboxyl groups), and the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl groups from an acid to a metal carboxylate salt.

Abstract: A suber-toughened multiphase thermoplastic composition is provided by incorporating an effective amount of at least one functionalized, selectively hydrogenated alkenyl arene/conjugated diene block copolymer to which has been grafted an effective amount of carboxyl functional groups primarily in the alkenyl arene blocks thereof with poly (ethylene terephthalate). The carboxyl functional groups are present as carboxylic acids and their salts in an effective salt to acid ratio for super-toughening the composition. Additionally, the block copolymer phase has an effective phase size for super-toughening the composition.

Abstract: Detergents for hydrocarbon fuels, and hydrocarbon fuels containing detergents are provided wherein the detergent is comprised of an alkenylsuccinimide prepared by reacting an alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride with a mixture of amines. The alkenyl substituent is substantially derived from an olefin having a carbon chain or from 8 to 10 carbons or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A powder coating composition comprises a component (A) containing carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality and a component (B) containing hydroxy functionality. The components (A) and (B) are both solids at temperatures up to 50.degree. C. and at least one of them is a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature in the range 0.degree. to 120.degree. C. The carboxylic acid or anhydride-functional component (A) is a compound or polymer containing at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule or is a compound containing a moiety of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a cyclic anhydride thereof. The hydroxy-functional component (B) contains at least two hydroxy groups per molecule and contains at least one amine group in its molecule to catalyze the reaction of the carboxylic acid or anhydride groups of component (A) with the hydroxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: Block polymers of vinylaromatic compounds and conjugated dienes which possess acidic terminal groups, are present in the form of lithium salts and form an aluminum complex. A process for the preparation of such complexes and the use of these block polymer complexes as molding materials and for modifying thermoplastic materials.

Abstract: When a poly(allyl amine) is reacted with a perfluoroalkanoic acid ester of the formula R.sub.f --CO--OR, in which R.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, e.g., ethyl perfluorooctanoate, the amino groups in the poly(allyl amine) are almost quantitatively amidated to introduce the perfluoroalkyl groups into the polymer as bonded through amide linkages. When the degree of amidation of the amino groups is 40% or smaller, the fluorine-containing polymeric compound is soluble in organic solvent to give a solution, from which Langmuir-Blodgett's films, i.e. monomolecular and built-up film, can be readily prepared.

Abstract: Acrylic AB block copolymers that are useful as pigment dispersants and which are resistant to yellowing and other color changes, characterized by aromatic substituents bonded to the A segment of the block copolymer.

Abstract: Novel curing agents for synthetic resins containing groups capable of ester formation or amide formation and, optionally polymerizable double bonds which are Michael addition products of monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid esters, capable of undergoing Michael addition, with compounds containing at least two double bonds capable of undergoing Michael addition, the two components being reacted in such ratios that the Michael addition product contains at least one ester group capable of transesterification and/or transamidation and at least one polymerizable double bond.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polymer composition which comprises a polyarylene which process comprises treating a first composition comprising a polycyclohexadiene, a suitable additive and a solvent for the polycyclohexadiene to a suitable heat treatment such that at least a major portion of the cyclohexenylene rings in the polycyclohexadiene are converted into aromatic groups.

Abstract: Polymers comprising pendant amine-functional portions linked to a perfluorocarbon moiety having a perfluoroalkyl group. Such polymers can provide coating compositions which exhibit critical surface tensions of wetting of less than about 15 dynes/cm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are high solids thermosetting coating compositions comprising hydroxy-functional polyepoxides and anhydrides as effective curing agents thereof. Films of these coating compositions are of remarkable appearance and are attended by remarkably low volatile organic content (VOC).

Abstract: Olefin polymers are degraded in molecular weight in the presence of a free radical initiator under an inert blanket. The degradation preferably is carried out under high shearing stress and/or a high temperature in order to increase the degradation. The degradation may be separate from, overlap, or occur simultaneously with further derivatization of the polymer.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder coating composition which has good handling properties and which has a good blend of physical properties such as appearance, flexibility, hardness, solvent resistance, corrosion resistance and exterior durability is disclosed. The composition comprises a co-reactable particulate mixture of an acid group-containing acrylic polymer; an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule and/or a polymeric polyanhydride and a beta-hydroxyalkylamide crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Glutarimide polymers having an acid and anhydride content lower than the acid and/or anhydride content normally present in the glutarimide polymers. Blends of the reduced acid and anhydride glutarimide polymers with thermoplastic materials are disclosed. A process for altering the properties oif imide polymers by reducing or substantially removing acid and anhydride levels normally present in the imide polymer is also disclosed.

Abstract: Oligomers of polymerizable ester-containing halopolyalkylenes are effective as cold flow improvers in middle distillate fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel water soluble .alpha.-methyl-(2-methylpropyl)benzene acetic acid in a complexed state which is derived from the reaction between an N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer and the .alpha.-methyl-(2-methyl-propyl)benzene acetic acid and to the process for the preparation of said complex.

Abstract: An addition polymerizable antioxidant is prepared by reacting an isocyanatoalkyl ester of an addition polymerizable carboxylic acid (2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate) with an antioxidant functionality bearing an active hydrogen moiety which is reactive with the isocyanate.

Abstract: Poly(alloocimene) is functionalized by reaction with an electrophile to obtain polymers useful as a film-former in a coating composition.

Abstract: Epoxidized poly(alloocimene) is described. The polymer is useful as a cross-linker (curing agent) for polyester, polyether and polyurethane coating compositions.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a soft contact lens, to increase its resistance to the deposition thereon and diffusion and accumulation therein of substances which will promote its clouding and discoloration in use, and to improve its mechanical strength, includes treating a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic ester soft contact lens or replica with an organic acid anhydride for a sufficient period of time to treat at least a portion of polymer molecules on the outer surfaces, e.g. by esterifying hydroxyl groups on the molecules and facilitating extraction of organic-type impurities. The process is optionally performed in the presence of a medium which partially swells the surface regions of the lens or replica prior to or during the process.

Abstract: A method of protecting electrical or electronic circuitry by embedding said circuitry in a low molecular weight ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer composition.

Abstract: Cationically charged water soluble vinyl addition polymers and condensation polymers provide improved emulsification of alkenyl succinic anhydride sizing agents. Sized paper products prepared from alkenyl succinic anhydride emulsions made with the polymers have superior ink holdout.

Abstract: A vulcanizable epoxy group-containing elastomer composition comprising an elastomer containing epoxy groups, a polycarboxylic acid having at least 2 carboxyl groups in the molecule, and either a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt.

Abstract: Michael addition products of monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid esters, capable of undergoing Michael addition, with compounds containing double bonds capable of undergoing Michael addition are suitable for use as a curing component for synthetic resins containing groups capable of amide formation and/or ester formation with carboxylic acids. In particular, the Michael addition products of acetoacetic esters or malonic esters with esters, amides or urea derivatives of .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acids are used. The structure and the functionality of the curing component can be varied in many ways. It can be attached directly to the synthetic resin molecule, so that self-curing synthetic resins are obtained.

Abstract: The use of a cyclic compound containing a ##STR1## group, i.e., methone, has been found to allow a poor acrylamide or acrylic acid or 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and its salts monomer to be polymerized to a polymer having improved performance characteristics and/or improved rates of polymerization. Optionally, urea is added with the methone.

Abstract: High solids coating compositions which comprise the reaction product of an aliphatic diol having a chain length between hydroxyls of greater than C.sub.10 and a reactant selected from the class consisting of lactones, epoxides and mixtures thereof are disclosed. The reaction products along with a suitable curing agent may be used as the principal resinous binders in the coating composition or may be used as reactive diluents.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a graft polymer membrane comprising an inactive polymer film having TFS as a graft chain. The inactive polymer film is irradiated with ionizing radiation, and the resulting irradiated film is graft-polymerized by contacting said film with TFS.This product may then be sulfonated to provide a cation exchange membrane; or the obtained graft polymer may be haloalkylated, and quarternary aminated to provide an anion exchange membrane; or the graft polymer membrane may be used to prepare a weakly acidic cation exchange membrane by substituting at least part of the benzene rings of the graft polymer by one of the groups among hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups and phosphorous acid groups.The polymeric membrane products are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A small-globular crosslinked polymer of monoallylamine swellable but insoluble in water can be obtained by crosslinking a part of the amino groups of a monoallylamine polymer with formaldehyde or a compound having, in its molecule, at least two functional groups reactive with primary amino group.

Abstract: A block copolymer containing a polymerized lactone block is obtained by first treating an alkali metal-terminated base polymer with a metal compound and further reacting the resulting product with lactone monomer.

Abstract: A silicon-containing step ladder polymer comprising a unit represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## a unit represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR2## and a unit represented by the following general formula (III): ##STR3## where R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon or fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a trialkyl siloxy group, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 which may be identical or different with each other represent individually hydrocarbon or fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon groups, the molar ratio of the unit (I) to the unit (II) is between 5:1-100:1 and the molar ratio of the unit (III) to the total amount of the unit (I)+unit (II) is between 1:5-1:100, as well as a process for producing such polymer.

Abstract: A method of protecting electrical or electronic circuitry by embedding said circuitry in a low molecular weight ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer composition.

Abstract: A silicon-containing step ladder polymer comprising a unit represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## a unit represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR2## and a unit represented by the following general formula (III): ##STR3## where R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon or fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a trialkyl siloxy group, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 which may be identical or different with each other represent individually hydrocarbon or fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon groups, the molar ratio of the unit (I) to the unit (II) is between 5:1-100:1 and the molar ratio of the unit (III) to the total amount of the unit (I)+unit (II) is between 1:5-1:100, as well as a process for producing such polymer.