Abstract: Methods for fabricating three-dimensional objects by 3D-inkjet printing technology are provided. The methods utilize curable materials that polymerize via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for fabricating the object, in combination with acid-activatable pre-catalyst and an acid generator activator. Kits containing modeling material formulations usable in the methods are also provided.

Abstract: The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium (Cr) catalyst having a phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus (P—N—P) ligand is known. Reactor fouling with by-product polyethylene can be severe at operating temperatures of greater than 60° C. However, the activation of such catalysts in a continuous flow reactor at low temperatures can be difficult and activity can be low. We have now discovered that highly active Cr/P—N—P catalysts may be prepared and activated in-situ (i.e. directly in the polymerization reactor) at low temperatures (from about 30 to about 45° C.) by combining the Cr; the P—N—P ligand and an aluminoxane in the process solvent in the presence of hydrogen. The use of hydrogen allows very high productivity (greater than 1×106 grams of ethylene conversion per gram of Cr) at low temperature. We have also observed reactor fouling rates as low as 2 to 10 parts per million of polyethylene per hour (based on total ethylene conversion) using this process.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a ligand compound, a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization, and a method for olefin oligomerization using the same. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to the present invention has excellent catalytic activity, and yet, exhibits high selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene, thus enabling efficient preparation of alpha-olefin.

Abstract: A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene under solution phase conditions is carried out in the presence of an activated catalyst at a temperature above 80° C. and up to a temperature of about 115° C. The activated catalyst is provided by combining a source of chromium, a diphosphine ligating compound and optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators. The process forms at least 30% 1-octene and a polyethylene co-product that, together with any other reaction products, remains substantially dissolved in the liquid phase. The polyethylene co-product has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 200 000 g/mol, a number average molecular weight (Mn) of less than 3 000 g/mol, and a melt flow index of more than 20 g/10 minutes.

Abstract: A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene under solution phase conditions is carried out in the presence of an activated catalyst at a temperature above 80° C. and up to a temperature of about 130° C. The activated catalyst is provided by combining a source of chromium, a ligating compound, which ligating compound includes at least one fluorine substituted hydrocarbyl group, organoheteryl group, or heterohydrocarbyl group, and optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a novel ligand compound that can oligomerize ethylene with high catalyst activity and selectivity, a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization including the same, and a method for olefin oligomerization using the same.

Abstract: Activating supports may be suitably prepared by the following procedure (a) providing a porous mineral oxide support material, (b) treating the support with a phosphorus-containing compound, (c) treating the support from step (b) with an organometallic compound, (d) heating the functionalized support from step (c) under an inert gas and then under an atmosphere comprising oxygen, (e) fluorinating the support with a fluorinating agent, and (f) recovering an activating support. The activating supports are suitable used in combination with single site catalysts for the polymerization of olefins. The supports are most preferably used in combination with metallocene complexes. The preparative route for the activating supports provides for supported polymerization catalyst systems having excellent activities.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a cyclic olefin compound, a photoreactive polymer, and an alignment layer comprising the photoreactive polymer, where the cyclic olefin compound can be used to provide the photoreactive polymer having not only excellences in liquid crystal alignment and alignment rate but also readiness for change in the alignment direction depending on the polarization direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing degradable model networks from any monomer functionality with any degradation methodology. It is based on the use of Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization and CLICK chemistry to form the desired product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the polymerization of norbornene monomers comprising transition metal complex (A) represented by formula (1); and a method for producing a norbornene (co)polymer, especially a norbornene copolymer containing a monomer unit represented by formulae (2) and (3), wherein a norbornen monomer is homopolyzed or copolymerized in the presence of the polymerization catalyst. Preferable examples of the transition metal complex (A) include (?-allyl){4-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)-2-penten-2-olato-?2N,O}palladium and (?-allyl){4-(1-naphthylimino)-2-penten-2-olato-?2N,O}palladium. In the formulae, the symbols are as defined in the description. A norbornene (co)polymer which has excellent transparency, excellent heat resistance, excellently low water absorption and excellent electrical insulation characteristics can be efficiently produced by the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copolymers with polar and non-polar olefin blocks with a variable polar monomer content of 0.1 mol % to 99.9 mol %. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining copolymers with olefin blocks and vinyl polar monomer blocks, said method using a single-component catalytic system made up of an organometallic complex containing a metal belonging to groups VIII to X. Said organometallic complex is advantageously active in the medium without adding cocatalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of solar cells. An amine-containing difluoro benzotriazolyl polymer, preparation method, and use thereof are provided; the polymer has a structure as represented by formula (I), both R1 and R2 are alkyls from C1 to C20, n is an integer from 10 to 50. In the polymer of the present disclosure, because the 1, 2, 3-benzotriazole solar cell material contains two fluorine atoms, the HOMO energy level is reduced by 0.11 eV, the fluorine-substituted 1, 2, 3-benzotriazole has two imido groups with strong electron-withdrawing property; the 1, 2, 3-benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound with strong electron-withdrawing property, and an alkyl chain can be easily introduced to the N-position of the N—H bond of the benzotriazole; the functional group of the alkyl chain can improve solar energy conversion efficiency, thus solving the low efficiency problem of the solar cell made from the solar cell material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic system comprising a precatalyst, a precatalyst activator and an inhibitor. Further, the invention relates to the use of this catalytic system in ring-opening metathesis polymerization reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (IV); (R8)(R1)P—N(R3)—P(R4)??(IV).

Abstract: The disclosure describes a polymer brush structure exhibiting birefringence, said polymer brush structure comprising a plurality of substantially parallel oriented polymers and characterized by a longitudinal z-direction having a first refractive index, nz, and a lateral x,y-direction having a second refractive index, nx,y, wherein the difference, ?n, between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.6, as measured by ellipsometry and fit to a Cauchy analytical model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (IV); (R8)(R1)P—N(R3)—P(R4)??(IV).

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst compositions having an external electron donor which includes one or more of the following compositions: a phosphite, a phosphonite, a pyrophosphite, and/or a diphosphazane. Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions containing the present external electron donor exhibit strong activity and produce propylene-based olefins with high isotacticity and high melt flow rate.

Abstract: A catalyst for a polymerization of norbornene monomers includes a transition metal complex represented by a formula (1). A method for producing a norbornene copolymer includes copolymerizing first norbornene monomers corresponding to a first monomer unit represented by a formula (2) and second norbornene monomers corresponding to a second monomer unit represented by a formula (3) in a presence of the catalyst. The transition metal complex is preferably (?-allyl) {2-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) iminomethyl]phenolate}palladium, (?-allyl) {2-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl]-4-fluorophenolate}palladium, (?-allyl)[2-(N-phenyliminomethyl) phenolate]palladium or (?-allyl){2-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) iminomethyl]-6-methylphenolate}palladium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic system comprising a precatalyst, a precatalyst activator and an inhibitor. Further, the invention relates to the use of this catalytic system in ring-opening metathesis polymerisation reactions.

Abstract: A conjugated polymer based on benzodithiophene and thienopyrazine with the following formula is provided, Wherein x+y=2, 0<y?1, n represents an integer between 1 and 100; R1, R2 represent C1 to C20 alkyl; R3, R4 represent H, C1 to C20 alkyl, C1 to C20 alkoxy or C1 to C20 aryl. The conjugated polymer have high mobility of the carriers and excellent electrochemical reduction properties, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and a broad prospect of application in the field of photoelectric, especially in the field of polymer solar cells, organic electroluminescent device, organic field-effect transistor, organic optical storage, organic nonlinear material, organic laser materials, and so on. Method for the conjugated polymer preparation is provided too.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel metallocene compound, a catalyst composition including the compound and an olefin polymer prepared using the same. The metallocene compound and the catalyst composition can be used for preparing the olefin polymer with high copolymerization degree and high molecular weight. Particularly, the block copolymer with high heat resistance can be prepared by using the metallocene compound, and the olefin polymer with high melting point (Tm) can be obtained, even if co-monomer is used at an increased amount in preparation of olefin polymer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the polymerization process of the present invention are directed to polymerizing free radically polymerizable monomers in the presence of a polymerization medium initially comprising at least one transition metal catalyst and an atom transfer radical polymerization initiator. The polymerization medium may additionally comprise a reducing agent. The reducing agent may be added initially or during the polymerization process in a continuous or intermittent manner. The polymerization process may further comprises reacting the reducing agent with at least one of the transition metal catalyst in an oxidized state and a compound comprising a radically transferable atom or group to form a compound that does not participate significantly in control of the polymerization process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing degradable model networks from any monomer functionality with any degradation methodology. It is based on the use of Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization CLICK chemistry and a tetrafunctional initiator having terminal halogen groups to form the desired product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the covalent anchorage of non-coordinating anions on mineral supports to prepare activating supports for the polymerisation of ethylene and alpha-olefins and wherein the activating species is provided by a phosphonium-borate or phosphonium alane pair. The invention also discloses the concomitant covalent anchorage of zwitterionic systems containing both the non-coordinating anion and the counter cation parts of the activating supports.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-reactive norbornene-based copolymer which has superior miscibility to various organic solvents or additives while exhibiting superior liquid crystal alignment property and can be preferably used to an alignment layer of liquid crystal display device, a method of preparing the same, and an alignment layer including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ligands and catalyst systems and a process for the simultaneous trimerization and tetramerization of olefinic monomers using said ligands, the ligands having the general formula (I): (R1)2P—P(R1)m(R2)n?N(R3)??(I) wherein R3 is selected from hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, a silyl group or derivative thereof; the R1 groups are independently selected from an optionally substituted aromatic group bearing a polar substituent on at least one of the ortho-positions; and the R2 groups are independently selected from hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl groups with the proviso that when the group is aromatic it does not contain a polar substituent at any of the ortho-positions; with the proviso that m is 0 or 1, n is 1 or 2 and the total of m+n is 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalyst systems and a process for the simultaneous trimerization and tetramerization of olefinic monomers using those ligands.

Abstract: A method for preparing a functionalized polymer, the method comprising the steps of: (i) polymerizing monomer with a coordination catalyst to form a reactive polymer; and (ii) reacting the reactive polymer with a nitroso compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a norbornene copolymer having excellent properties such as transparency, heat resistance, low water absorption and electric insulating property, which copolymer comprises a monomer unit represented by formula (1) and formula (2) and having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 300,000 to 2,000,000. (In the formulae, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cyclic olefin addition polymer of high gas permeability, which method including subjecting a specific type of cyclic olefin-functional siloxane and a mixture thereof with a specific type of cyclic olefin compound to addition polymerization in the presence of a multi-component catalyst containing (A) a zero-valent palladium compound, (B) an ionic boron compound, and (C) a phosphine compound having a substituent group selected from an alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group and an aryl group, to obtain a cyclic olefin addition polymer of high gas permeability wherein a ratio of the structural units derived from the cyclic olefin-functional siloxane is at 10 to 100 mole % of the addition polymer and a number average molecular weight (Mn) ranges from 100,000 to 2,000,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (IV); (R8)(R1)P—N(R3)—P(R4)??(IV).

Abstract: A cyclic olefin addition copolymer includes a structural unit (1) derived from a cyclic olefin compound with a C4 alkyl substituent group and a structural unit (2) derived from a cyclic olefin compound with a C5-12 alkyl substituent group, and optionally includes a structural unit (3) derived from another cyclic olefin compound. The novel cyclic olefin addition copolymers according to the present invention are excellent in melt-formability, transparency and heat resistance, have low water absorption properties, low dielectric constant and low metal content, and are suitably used in optical parts such as optical films. Processes according to the present invention produce the cyclic olefin addition copolymers at high yield with small amounts of catalysts.

Abstract: The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium catalyst having a phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus (“P—N—P”) ligand is typically activated with an aluminoxane. The addition of an alkyl zinc, particularly diethyl zinc, has been fund to improve the productivity of certain oligomerization reactions. In particular, the addition of diethyl zinc to an oligomerization reaction that is activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) improves the productivity of the reaction.

Abstract: A new P-N-P ligand in which each phosphorus atom is bonded to two ortho-fluorine substituted phenyl groups is useful in ethylene oligomerizations. In combination with i) a source of chromium and ii) an activator such as methalumoxane; the ligand of this invention may be used to prepare an oligomer product that contains a mixture of hexenes and octenes. The hexenes and octenes produced with this ligand contain very low levels of internal olefins when produced under preferred reaction conditions.

Abstract: Ethylene is selectively oligomerized in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that is preferably operated in an isothermal manner using a chromium catalyst. The undesired formation of by-product polyethylene is mitigated by contacting the ethylene with hydrogen prior to adding the ethylene to the reactor and feeding the ethylene and hydrogen via a common feed port.

Abstract: To provide an industrially useful ?-olefin.((meth)acrylic acid)-based olefin copolymer having both a high molecular weight and a high comonomer content, a catalyst component capable of realizing a production of two different kinds of ?-olefin.((meth)acrylic acid)-based olefin copolymers, and a production process using the catalyst. An ?-olefin.((meth)acrylic acid)-based olefin copolymer is produced by using a metal complex complexed with a ligand represented by the following formula (Y is phosphorus or arsenic) for a catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (II); P(R1)(R2)—P(R4)?N(R3)??(II) wherein: the R1 group is selected from a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl group; the R2 group is selected from a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl group; the R3 is selected from hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, a silyl group or derivative thereof; the R4 group is an optionally substituted alkylenedioxy, alkylenedimercapto or alkylenediamino structure which is bound to the phosphorus atom through the two oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms of the alkylenedioxy, alkylenedimercapto or alkylenediamino structure or an optionally substituted arylenedioxy, arylenedimercapto or arylenediamino structure which is bound to the pho

Abstract: A polymerization reaction mixture for the cationic polymerization of unsaturated biological oils (e.g. vegetable oils and animals oils) based on the cationic reaction of double bonds initiated by superacids is provided. The polymerized oils have a viscosity about 10 to 200 times higher than the initial oil and relatively high unsaturation (only about 10-30% lower than that of initial oils).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a norbornene polymer that comprises a norbornene monomer having a photoreactive functional group, and a method of manufacturing the same. The norbornene polymer comprises at least 50 mol % of exo isomers among the norbornene monomers having the photoreactive functional group. Since the norbornene polymer according to the present invention comprises at least 50 mol % of exo isomers among the norbornene monomers having the photoreactive functional group, a molecular weight is significantly increased while the yield is not reduced during the manufacturing of the polymer. In views of the three dimensional structure, stability is ensured because the polymer has a planar structure in which the photoreactive groups between the molecules are close to each other. Therefore, the distance between the photoreactive groups is reduced, thus increasing the photoreaction rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a cyclic olefin polymer having a polar functional group, an olefin polymer produced by using the method, an optical anisotropic film including the olefin polymer, and a catalyst composition for producing the cyclic olefin polymer. In the olefin polymerization method and the catalyst composition for polymerization, since deactivation of the catalyst due to polar functional groups of monomers is capable of being suppressed, it is possible to produce polyolefins having a high molecular weight at high polymerization yield during polyolefin polymerization. Furthermore, the cyclic olefin having the polar functional groups has excellent polymerization reactivity and the activity of the catalyst composition including the same is maintained under a variable polymerization condition. Accordingly, the present invention is very useful for a mass-production process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerisation of at least one olefinic compound by contacting the at least one olefinic compound with an oligomerisation catalyst in an aliphatic liquid medium at a reaction temperature of at least 50° C. The catalyst comprises the combination of a source of a transition metal; and a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n.

Abstract: Embodiments of the polymerization process of the present invention are directed to polymerizing free radically polymerizable monomers in the presence of a polymerization medium initially comprising at least one transition metal catalyst and an atom transfer radical polymerization initiator. The polymerization medium may additionally comprise a reducing agent. The reducing agent may be added initially or during the polymerization process in a continuous or intermittent manner. The polymerization process may further comprise reacting the reducing agent with at least one of the transition metal catalyst in an oxidized state and a compound comprising a radically transferable atom or group to form a compound that does not participate significantly in control of the polymerization process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (II); P(R1)(R2)—P(R4)?N(R3)??(II) wherein: the R1 group is selected from a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl group; the R2 group is selected from a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl group; the R3 is selected from hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, a silyl group or derivative thereof; the R4 group is an optionally substituted alkylenedioxy, alkylenedimercapto or alkylenediamino structure which is bound to the phosphorus atom through the two oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms of the alkylenedioxy, alkylenedimercapto or alkylenediamino structure or an optionally substituted arylenedioxy, arylenedimercapto or arylenediamino structure which is bound to the ph

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (IV); (R8)(R2)P—N(R3)—P(R4)??(IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand comprising the product formed by reacting i) a compound having the general formula (III); (R1)(R2)P—N(R3)—R5??(III); and ii) a compound of the formula X—P(R4), preferably at a temperature in the range of from ?30 to 200° C.

Abstract: The present application relates to a new catalyst system for the polymerization of olefins, comprising a new ionic activator having the formula: [R1R2R3AH]+ [Y]?, wherein [Y]? is a non-coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen or phosphorus, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbyl groups or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl groups and together form a first, 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring with A, wherein any number of adjacent ring members may optionally be members of at least one second, aromatic or aliphatic ring or aliphatic and/or aromatic ring system of two or more rings, wherein said at least one second ring or ring system is fused to said first ring, and wherein any atom of the first and/or at least one second ring or ring system is a carbon atom or a heteroatom and may be substituted independently by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1 to C10 alkyl, C5 to C15 aryl, C6 to C25 arylalkyl, and C6 to C25 alkylaryl, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or C1 to C10 alky

Abstract: The present invention is directed to PE-100 ethylene copolymers and pipe made thereof having a Tabor abrasion between about 0.01 and about 0.001 grams lost/1000 revolutions. These copolymers are formed by contacting ethylene with at least one mono-1-olefin comonomer having from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule in a reaction zone under polymerization conditions in the presence of a hydrocarbon diluent, a catalyst system, and a cocatalyst. Additionally, the comonomers may be selected from mono-1-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as, 1-hexene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, and 1-decene. Further, these ethylene copolymers may be employed to produce PE-100 pipe having both small diameters and diameters in excess of 42 inches substantially without sagging or other gravitational deformation. Copolymers of ethylene and 1-hexene are disclosed which are used to produce PE-100 pipe.

Abstract: Further improvements have been made in processes for controlled polymerization of free radically (co)polymerizable monomers mediated by a transition metal complex participating in a redox reaction which involves transfer of a radically transferable atom or group to and from an initiator or dormant polymer and the growing active polymer chain ends. Two improvements involve the choice of counterion in the transition metal complex. In one improvement the transition metal is held in close conjunction with a solid support through interaction with a counterion directly attached to the support. This cognition also allows for improvements in catalyst utilization including catalyst recovery and recycle. In another improvement, particularly suitable for controlled polymerization of certain monomers with an expanded range of transition metals, the function of counterion and ligand in the development of the transition metal based catalyst is superseded by use of salt containing a soluble organic counterion.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalyst compounds, catalysts systems and methods to oligomerize or polymerize monomers where the catalyst compound and the catalyst system comprise compounds of formula: LMX2 or (LMX2)2 wherein: M is a Group 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 transition metal; L is a tridentate or tetradentate neutrally charged ligand that is bonded to M by at least three nitrogen atoms; at least one of the nitrogen atoms is a central non-pyridinal nitrogen atom and is not bonded to its adjacent atoms by a multibond; at least two of the nitrogen atoms are terminal nitrogen atoms; at least one terminal nitrogen atom is part of a pyridinyl ring; at least one other terminal nitrogen atom is substituted with at least one C3-C50 hydrocarbyl or halobydrocarbyl; the central nitrogen atom is bonded to at least two different carbon atoms; and each X is an anionic monodentate ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ligand and its use in a catalyst for the oligomerization of olefinic monomers, the ligand having the general formula (I); P(R4)—P(R1)(R2)?N(R3)??(I) wherein: the R1 group and R2 group are independently selected from a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl group; the R3 is selected from hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, a silyl group or derivative thereof; the R4 group is an optionally substituted alkylenedioxy, alkylenedimercapto or alkylenediamino structure which is bound to the phosphorus atom through the two oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms of the alkylenedioxy, alkylenedimercapto or alkylenediamino structure or an optionally substituted arylenedioxy, arylenedimercapto or arylenediamino structure which is bound to the phosphorus atom through the two oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms of the arylenedioxy, arylenedimercapto