Abstract: In the polymerization of vinyl chloride, the adhesion of the resulting polymer to the walls can be prevented by previously applying a specific chemical to the inner walls of the polymerization tank and parts of the device to be contacted with the monomer during the polymerization. This specific chemical is a copolycondensate obtained by reacting a resol type phenol/formaldehyde precondensate with a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of nitrophenols, nitrobenzoic acids, nitrobenzenesulfonic acids, aminophenols, aminobenzoic acids and aminobenzenesulfonic acids.

Abstract: Use of hydrophobically modified nonionic cellulose ethers or ethylene oxide copolymers leads to improved particle size and less latex formation in suspension polymerization processes. Cellulose ethers are modified with a small amount of long chain (C.sub.6 -C.sub.25) alkyl radical. Ethylene oxide copolymer is ethylene oxide copolymerized with C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 epoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the polymerization of vinyl monomers either alone or copolymerized with ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers having a terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< grouping using a free-radical yielding catalyst or catalyst system, wherein the polymerization reaction is effectively stopped by the addition to the reaction mixture of a shortstopping agent, such as, for example, 4,4'-thiodiphenol (TDP).

Abstract: An improvement in the process of producing polyvinyl chloride by the suspension process in the presence of protective colloids by utilizing a protective colloid mixture of from 20% to 80% of the protective colloid mixture of a polyvinyl acetate having a hydrolysis degree of 40 to 55 mol % and the remainder of the protective colloid mixture of (1) a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol having a hydrolysis degree of 70 to 90 mol %, or (2) an aminoethyl-hydroxypropyl cellulose having a molar substitution of from 0.05 to 1.5 mols of aminoethyl groups and 3 to 5 mols of hydroxypropyl groups, or (3) a vinyl acetate/vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer having a ratio of vinyl pyrrolidone to vinyl acetate in the copolymer of 50% to 70% by weight to 30% to 50% by weight and a K-value of 25 to 40. By the use of this protective colloid mixture, the polyvinyl chloride produced exhibits a large absorption of plasticizer and gives finished products having a low number of specks.

Abstract: A process is described for making sterically stabilized non-aqueous dispersions of polymer microparticles, in which (1) monomers including at least one crosslinking monomer are polymerized in an aqueous medium at a temperature at least 10.degree. higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer to be formed, in the presence of a block or graft copolymer stabilizing agent containing in the molecule, as the component solvated by the aqueous medium, a polymer chain derived from a polyethylene glycol of molecular weight at least 1000, under conditions such that there is at no time present a separate monomer phase and (2) the microparticles thus obtained are transferred into a non-aqueous medium which is capable of dissolving the polyethylene glycol in question, when the latter is in the non-hydrated state, to the extent of at least 10% by weight at room temperature.

Abstract: Finely-divided polymeric solids are prepared by free-radical polymerization on ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomers in an organic solvent employing an alkylene oxide adduct of a styrene-allyl alcohol copolymer stabilizer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of homo- and co-polymers of vinyl chloride by polymerization in seeded microsuspension, which comprises effecting polymerization in the presence of one or more seeding products in the form of dispersions of particles of polymers, the particles of at least one of the seeding products containing the initiator required for polymerization and said initiator being activated by an organosoluble metal complex and nitric acid.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in an aqueous phase in the presence of oil-soluble free-radical initiators and a mixture of at least two high-molecular, surface-active suspending agents is described. This mixture is composed of 10 to 90% by weight (relative to the mixture) of at least one copolymer formed from vinyl acetate and a compound of the formulaR.sub.1 --CO--NR.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 is H or alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms and R.sub.2 is H or methyl, and of 90 to 10% by weight (relative to the mixture) of at least one cellulose ether or a partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohol. Homopolymers, copolymers or graft copolymers of vinyl chloride which have an improved combination of properties are obtained.

Abstract: Polymerization method utilizing a three-phase system: water-in-oil-in-water or oil-in-water-in-oil comprising the steps (a) adding the monomer material to be polymerized into the innermost water or oil phase; (b) adding, with mechanical agitation, the product of Step a to the middle oil or water phase, said phase containing appropriate surfactant, whereby an emulsion is formed; (c) adding, with mechanical agitation, the emulsion product of Step b to the outermost water or oil phase, said phase containing appropriate surfactant, wherein polymerization proceeds in the innermost water or oil phase until complete.

Abstract: A process for producing vinyl chloride polymer which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer in aqueous suspension, in the presence of a free radical catalyst, a primary suspending agent apt to control the granulometric distribution of the particles of PVC obtained, as well as a secondary suspending agent consisting of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number between 520 and 600 and a viscosity, measured in a 4% methanol solution at 20.degree. C., between 0.5 and 2 cps.

Abstract: A method of preventing scale formation and adhesion onto the surfaces of a polymerization vessel and auxilliary equipment used in polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, wherein the surfaces are coated prior to polymerization with a coating agent having the concurrent properties of (a) one or more functional groups having the ability to chelate, (b) one or more functional groups having the ability to inhibit action of free radicals, and (c) substantial insolubility to vinyl chloride monomer and insoluble to water. The concurrent presences of these functional characteristics syngergistically act to prevent scale adhesion onto the surfaces after substantial numbers of repeated polymerization charges.

Abstract: This invention relates to making dense, spherical particles of vinyl plastisol resins by means of a suspension polymerization procedure. The dense, spherical particles or beads have a diameter of about 10 to about 100 microns and are made in an aqueous medium containing a free-radical yielding polymerization catalyst and in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol, as a suspending agent, and a surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) less than about 3.5. The suspension vinyl resins so produced are easily and uniformly mixed with a plasticizer to form low viscosity plastisols which are stable, containing particles of uniform and proper size and capable of producing films, and like products, of good clarity.

Abstract: An acid-stable surfactant, soluble in aqueous acidic medium, useful in emulsion polymerization, which is a copolymer containing the groups ##STR1## having one R--Z-- group and one --H group as terminal groups wherein R is a hydrocarbon group, ##STR2## R.sub.1 is --CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CO.sub.2 NH.sub.5 or --CN; each R.sub.2, each R.sub.3, each R.sub.4, each R.sub.5 and each R.sub.7 may be the same or different and each R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.6 is a group of the formula --CO.sub.2 H or its salt or a group of the formula --V--CO.sub.2 H or its salt wherein V is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl; W is a group containing a sulfonic acid or a salt of a sulfonic acid or W is a sulfonic acid group or its salt.

Abstract: Cationic emulsions are obtained by the emulsion polymerization or copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as vinyl acetate, etc. in the presence of a cationic group-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Typical cationic group-modified PVA are the modified PVA's which contain a copolymeric unit having one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or lower alkyl; B is ##STR2## R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each lower alkyl (substituted or unsubstituted) and X is an anion forming a salt with the ammonium N; and A is an inert bivalent organic group linking the N atom in B to the N atom in the amide group; ##STR3## wherein, in formulas (II) and (III), R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each H, lower alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.8 is lower alkyl; and Y is an anion forming a salt with the imidazolinium N atom. Particularly desirable are the cationic group-modified PVA's containing the copolymeric unit (I) wherein A is ##STR4## R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: In a process for preparing an elastomeric vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer having high Mooney viscosity and low gel content wherein vinyl acetate monomer is copolymerized with ethylene monomer in an aqueous emulsion reaction medium containing surface active agent, polymerization catalyst and protective colloid to provide a latex and vinyl acetate-ethylene elastomer is recovered from the latex, an improvement is disclosed which comprises:copolymerizing from about 40% to about 70% by weight of vinyl acetate monomer with from about 60% to about 30% by weight of ethylene monomer in an aqueous emulsion reaction medium to provide a latex, the reaction medium for vinyl acetate-ethylene elastomer containing:(i) at least one surface active agent having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance value of at least 22 in an amount above about 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of suspension grade PVC and other vinyl chloride resins of superior overall quality, especially in that they possess both high bulk densities and excellent porosities as shown by their fast absorption rates for hot liquid plasticizers. The key feature of the suspension polymerization process involved is the use of a particular combination of two types of suspending agents throughout the process, namely a polyvinyl alcohol resin with a hydrolysis level of about 68 to about 78 percent together with a hydroxypropyl cellulose ether with a molar substitution of between about 2 and about 4.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the aqueous polymerization of acrylamide to produce polymers of high molecular weight utilizing mixtures of water and monomer, at least one of which can be contaminated with small amounts of polymerization inhibiting components. In the process of the invention, a minimum amount of a redox pair catalyst is utilized in order to obtain the desired high molecular weight polymer. The minimum amount of catalyst is automatically provided to the polymerization mixture by adding a first member of a redox pair to the polymerization mixture and intimately combining a second member of the redox pair catalyst with an organic polymer capable of forming a colloidal dispersion in an aqueous medium and adding this intimate mixture to the mixture of water, acrylamide monomer, and a first member of the redox pair catalyst.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers are prepared by polymerization or copolymerization in mass, in two phases, comprising prepolymerizing vinyl chloride monomers in a first phase under highly turbulent agitation until a degree of conversion thereof between about 5 and 15% is attained, and thence, in a second distinct phase, polymerizing said prepolymerized reaction product through reaction completion under mild agitation, said process being characterized in that [1] there is added to the reaction medium, prior to same attaining a polymer content of about 15% by weight, an additive selected from the group comprising (a) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer copolymerizable therewith, and (b) a condensate of ethylene oxide on a polypropylene glycol backbone, and in that [2] the reaction rate is controlled such that the period of time during which the content by weight of polymer or copolymer in the reaction medium is comprised between 15 and 25% is less than 45 minutes.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel partially saponified polyvinyl acetates with a degree of hydrolysis of 30 to 65 mole % which might be considered as vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate block copolymers. The invention relates further to the application of said novel block copolymers as a pore-forming additive used together with at least one known protective colloid in the homo- and copolymerization of vinyl compounds, primarily of vinyl chloride in a pure aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride polymers by polymerization of the monomer or monomer mixture in aqueous dispersion in the presence of radical-forming catalysts and optionally suspension stabilizers, emulsifiers and further polymerization auxiliaries, which comprises carrying out the polymerization in a reactor the inner walls of which and other parts where polymer deposits may form are coated partially or entirely with a coating containing determined compounds of the formula ##STR1## In accordance with this invention, a substantial suppression of polymer deposit formation is achieved especially in the case of vinyl chloride copolymers.

Abstract: A combination of a major amount of acrylonitrile and a minor amount of another monomer copolymerizable with acrylonitrile when grafted onto polyvinyl alcohol provides an improved acrylonitrile polymer for preparing fiber by extruding a fusion melt of such polymer and water.

Abstract: Emulsion polymerization is carried out with reactive surfactants comprised of ring sulfonated maleate half esters of alkoxylated alkyl arylols.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension in the presence of dialkyl peroxydicarbonates in which the polymer is treated with a monobasic hydroxide at the end of polymerization and before the unreacted vinyl chloride is removed. The alkaline treatment is advantageously applied to polymers that are subsequently subjected to steam stripping.The treatment improves the initial heat stability of vinyl chloride polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing globular, hydrophilic copolymers which have reticulated internal structures and are suitable for gas and gel chromatography. The method comprises polymerization by suspension polymerization methods of hydrophilic and hydrophilic monomers in aqueous medium in the presence of a component which prevents transfer of the hydrophilic monomer into the aqueous medium and the solubility of the aqueous medium in the monomeric phase.

Abstract: An improved method for the polymerization of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride in an aqueous polymerization medium is proposed in which a water-insoluble polymerization initiator, being solid at room temperature as dispersed in the aqueous medium and having a particle size distribution of 50 .mu.m or finer, is added to the polymerization mixture which is maintained at a temperature where the half-life period of the initiator is 120 minutes or longer or, alternatively, over a duration equal to or shorter than one-tenth of the half-life period of the initiator at the temperature of the polymerization mixture. By this method the polymerization can be homogeneously proceeded to produce vinyl chloride polymers having a uniform particle size distribution, excellent heat stability and much less fish-eyes when fabricated into sheets.

Abstract: Impact modified polyvinyl chloride is prepared by suspension polymerizing vinyl chloride in the presence of a dual catalyst system of a monomer soluble catalyst and a water soluble catalyst to form suspension polymer particles having irregular and porous surfaces, and then polymerizing, in the presence of the porous particles, monomers for forming gelled rubber-containing interpolymer particles having a Tg of less than 25.degree. C. No emulsification system is required for the rubber interpolymerization. Rubber-containing interpolymer particles in the order of 1 micron or less are formed on the surface of the suspension polyvinyl chloride particle. The process can be conducted in one reaction vessel and product contamination is reduced. The product can be used alone or blended with other thermoplastic polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, to increase the impact strength thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved quiescent polymerization process which produces spherical beads of polymer having excellent porosity and unusually high bulk density. The process comprises polymerizing discrete droplets of liquid monomer containing a monomer-soluble free radical type catalyst while suspended in an aqueous mucilage having plastic flow properties and in the presence of a nonionic surfactant having the proper Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB), such as, for example, sorbitan monooleate. The porous bead polymers have the advantage of providing for lower cost bulk shipping, better extrusion feed, and for easy monomer stripping.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerization is carried out by dispersing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of an oil soluble catalyst for polymerization and a polymerization improver having units ##STR1## wherein M represents hydrogen atom or an alkali metal; R represents --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or --C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and n represents an integer of 10 to 1500.

Abstract: A method for suspension polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer, or a mixture thereof with copolymerizable monomers, employs as a suspension stabilizer a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification between about 60 and about 90 mol percent, and a solubility-in-methanol index at 55.degree. C. in a range of up to about 60 percent.

Abstract: A dispersing stabilizer for suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds comprising (A) a water-soluble protective colloid and (B) a carbonyl group-containing polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of hydrolysis of 10 to 90% by mole; the absorbance of a 0.1% by weight aqueous solution of the component (B) being not less than 0.18 at a wavelength of 280 m.mu.. Suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride can be conducted by using the stabilizer without adhesion of scale to a polymerization vessel, and also particles of the obtained vinyl chloride resins have a high porosity and uniform size.

Abstract: A neutral sizing agent of emulsion type to be added to paper pulp for facilitating the disaggregation and recovery of waste paper in making paper including paper board, said sizing agent being produced, for example, by dispersing in an aqueous emulsifying dispersion medium a polymerizable hydrophobic monomer such as styrene or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate by using as an emulsifying dispersing agent a copolymer having units of one or more monomers given by the formula ##STR1## or ##STR2## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3,X is a halogen atom,A is a (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) alkylene group, andY is an anion,and a monomer given by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are H or CH.sub.3, and then subjecting the resultant dispersion to a radical emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing globular, hydrophilic copolymers which have reticulated internal structures and are suitable for gas and gel chromatography. The method comprises polymerization by suspension polymerization methods of hydrophilic and hydrophilic monomers in aqueous medium in the presence of a component which prevents transfer of the hydrophilic monomer into the aqueous medium and the solubility of the aqueous medium in the monomeric phase.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride copolymers soluble in lacquer solvents with a clear solution consisting of copolymerizing vinyl chloride and at least one other olefinically-unsaturated compound copolymerizable with vinyl chloride under suspension copolymerization conditions in an aqueous dispersion and in the presence of (a) a monomer-soluble polymerization catalyst, (b) a water-soluble salt of a maleic acid anhydride mixed polymerizate of maleic acid anhydride, an olefinically unsaturated ester or ether of at least 7 carbon atoms, and another vinyl monomer, (c) from 0.003% to 0.007% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol having a low viscosity and a high saponification number and (d) from 0.03% to 0.05% by weight of sodium chloride, whereby a vinyl chloride copolymer is obtained having the majority of its particles of a size between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing vinyl chloride in an aqueous suspension wherein polymer scale is prevented from depositing on walls and other surfaces in contact with monomer in a polymerization reactor. According to the method, one or more compounds selected from iodine salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are added to the polymerization mixture. The effect of this method can be enhanced synergistically by coating a polar organic compound or an organic dye over the surfaces in contact with the monomer.

Abstract: Crosslinked acrylic polymer microparticles having a particle size of from 0.1 to 10 microns are produced in relatively high concentrations by a method comprising the free radical addition copolymerization of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer with alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of (1) epoxy group-containing compound and (2) a mixture of alkylenimine and organoalkoxysilane in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer and an aliphatic hydrocarbon dispersing liquid in which the crosslinked polymer particles are insoluble.The crosslinked acrylic polymer microparticles are useful as additives to protective and decorative coatings.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in which during the polymerization an agent is added preventing the forming of incrustations on the walls of the reactor.

Abstract: An aqueous latex, having high colloidal stability against coagulation upon addition thereto of ionic materials and having excellent adhesive characteristics for bonding metal foil to paper to form laminates, is prepared by polymerizing, in an emulsion substantially free of carboxylate soaps, (1) an aqueous suspension of chloroprene monomer optionally containing about 0.4 to 10 mole percent of alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, based on the total monomer content, (2) in the presence of (a) about 3-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and (b) about 0.3-2 parts of an organic, sulfur-containing chain-transfer agent of the group consisting of dialkyl xanthogen disulfides and alkyl mercaptans, both (a) and (b) being expressed in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of monomer (1). The polymer so produced contains 10-95% gel polymer, and the polyvinyl alcohol is present therein in a form such that it is not completely recoverable by extraction with water.

Abstract: In the production of a water-soluble, cationic high polymer of (A) at least one of acrylamide and methacrylamide and (B) at least one of ammonium type monomers of either one of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each a lower alkyl group, R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxy(lower)alkyl group, a benzyl group or a group of the formula: --CH.sub.2 COO(CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.sub.3 (m being an integer of 0 or 1), R.sub.5 .crclbar. is a group of either one of the formulas: --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 COO.crclbar. and --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 SO.sub.3 .crclbar.

Abstract: Polymers in powder form are manufactured by polymerizing water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which form hydrophilic polymers, in a powder bed of polymers of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of polymerization initiators and water as an auxiliary liquid, the water being entirely or partially removed from the polymerization zone by evaporation during the polymerization.

Abstract: Polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride having a narrow grain size distribution and a large average mean diameter and a process for the preparation of same in which the polymerization of vinyl chloride is carried out in the presence of a prepolymer composition obtained by polymerization, under high turbulence, of a monomeric composition containing vinyl chloride and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, an aliphatic ester thereof or a diester of a dihydric alcohol.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is polymerized in aqueous dispersion, preferably in aqueous dispersion, preferably in aqueous suspension, in a reactor with walls coated with a layer of a cross-linked polymeric material containing polar groups formed from a reaction mixture having an aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde, as one component thereof.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride which comprises adding to an aqueous dispersion of vinyl chloride polymer prepared by a suspension polymerization process, optionally containing vinyl chloride monomer, or a bulk polymerization process the additives necessary for emulsion polymerization, then effecting the polymerization of the vinyl chloride monomer present in the reactor prior to introducing the emulsion polymerization additives and/or vinyl chloride monomer added after the introduction of these additives.Vinyl chloride polymers comprising vinyl chloride polymer particles produced by suspension or bulk polymerization having vinyl chloride granules agglutinated thereon said granules having the dimensions of vinyl chloride granules obtained by conventional emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a copolymerization product of N-vinylmethylpyrazole with a divinyl cross-linking agent has the following formula of its elemental unit: ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3 in the position 3 or 5; A is a divinyl cross-linking agent, viz. divinylbenzene, diallylmaleate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethyacrylate; it has a sorption capacity with respect to the platinum group metals and silver: E.sub.Au = 420 to 785 mg/g of the sorbent E.sub.Ag = 320 to 450 mg/g of th sorgent, E.sub.Pd = 130 to 170 mg/g of th sorbent, E.sub.Pt = 180 to 230 mg/g of the sorbent and a swelling factor in water of 2 to 4 ml/g. The method for preparing said copolymerization product of N-vinyl methylpyrazole with a divinyl cross-linking agent according to the present invention comprises reacting N-vinylmethylpyrazole of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is CH.sub.3 in the position 3 or 5, with a divinyl cross-linking agent, viz.

Abstract: Stable, pumpable, highly concentrated aqueous suspensions of organic peroxides containing (a) nonionic emulsifiers having a maximum HLB value of 12.5 and (b) nonionic emulsifiers having a minimum HLB value of 12.5 or anionic emulsifiers.

Abstract: In the production of a water-soluble, cationic high polymer of (A) at least one of acrylamide and methacrylamide and (B) at least one of ammonium type monomers of either one of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each a lower alkyl group, R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxy(lower)alkyl group, a benzyl group or a group of the formula: --CH.sub.2 COO(CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.sub.3 (m being an integer of 0 or 1), R.sub.5.sup.- is a group of either one of the formulas: --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 COO.sup.- and -(CH.sub.2).sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.

Abstract: A method of forming particles of between about 5 and about 50 microns utilizing a two stage process wherein monomer possibly containing pigments, dyes and/or fillers such as silicon and magnetite, as well as chemical reagents such as crosslinking agents and chain transfer agents, is sized to a narrow range by high shear mixing then polymerized during slow speed agitation to form polymeric particles.

Abstract: A novel compound represented by the formula, ##STR1## WHEREIN R is a hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, said four R's being the same or different; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, an alkali metal, an ammonium group, a mono-to tetra-hydric aliphatic alcohol moiety having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an organic amine residue; n is an integer of 1 to 4; and R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen or alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may form a ring when taken together. Said novel compound has properties similar to those of natural rosin or a disproportionated rosin, and is useful as a vehicle for coating compositions and printing inks, as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and as a sizing agent.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerizing in an aqueous medium vinyl chloride or a mixture of 50% or more vinyl chloride and remainder other monomers copolymerizable therewith in the presence of an oil soluble initiator, a suspension stabilizer and 0.005 to 50 ppm of nitrite, and 10 to 1000 ppm of water soluble metallic salt, the parts being based on the amount of aqueous medium.

Abstract: A solid, frozen organic peroxide emulsion comprising from 30 to 75 weight percent organic peroxide, an emulsifying amount of surfactant(s) and the remainder water is described. Organic peroxides described include: dialkyl peroxydicarbonates, e.g., di-secondarybutyl peroxydicarbonate, diacyl peroxides, e.g., diisobutyryl peroxide, and acyl sulfonyl peroxides, e.g., acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide. The surfactant can be anionic, cationic, or nonionic, preferably nonionic, or mixtures of compatible surfactants.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is polymerized by suspension or homogenized dispersion polymerization using a free radical-yielding initiator in which 0.02% by weight, based on the weight of vinyl chloride, of at least one .alpha.-olefin having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms is added to the vinyl chloride either (a) prior to the start of polymerization in the case of homogenized dispersion polymerization, or (b) prior to the start of or during the polymerization, but in any event before the onset of autoacceleration in the case of suspension polymerization. The disclosed process avoids or reduces the tendency of the vinyl chloride to undergo autoacceleration during the polymerization.Preferably the amount of .alpha.-olefin employed is 0.03% to 0.075% by weight, particularly 0.03% to 0.06% by weight. The .alpha.-olefin preferably contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms; suitable .alpha.-olefins include octene-1, nonene-1, decene-1, dodecene-1, tetradecene-1, hexadecene-1, octadecene-1, and eicosene-1.