Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer having a solvent resistance and a cold resistance is produced by subjecting vinylidene fluoride and at least one of other fluorine-containing monomers to copolymerization reaction in the presence of a polyfluoropolyether having iodo groups at both terminals, represented by the following formula:I(R)pCF(CF.sub.3)O[CF.sub.2 CF(CF.sub.3)O]mRf[OCF(CF.sub.3)CF.sub.2 ]nOCF(CF.sub.3)(R)pIwherein Rf: perfluoroalkylene group of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 ; R: alkylene group or polyfluoroalkylene group of C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 ; these alkylene groups may contain an ether bond or may be an alkyleneamide-containing or phenylene diamide-containing group; m+n: 20 or more; and p: 0 or 1. The copolymerization reaction is carried out preferably in the presence of a bromine-containing or iodine-containing monomer compound.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing elastomers produced through copolymerization reaction of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro(lower alkyl vinyl ether) and chlorotrifluoroethylene in the presence of a bromine-containing monomer compound and an iodine- and bromine-containing compound, where hexafluoropropene can be further copolymerized, have not only a distinguished resistance to amine-based additives and also distinguished low-temperature characteristic and engine oil resistance, and also a lower cost attained by reduced copolymer proportion of perfluoro(lower alkyl vinyl ether).

Abstract: A fluorine-containing elastomeric copolymer comprising 55 to 62 mole % of repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and 38 to 45 mole % of repeating units derived from perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) which is obtained by radically polymerizing the monomers in the presence of a diiodide compound of the formula: RI.sub.2 in which R is a saturated fluorohydrocarbon or chlorofluorohydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and which has a Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+10 100.degree. C.) in the range between 20 and 150. This copolymer has an excellent compression set at high temperature, which is an important property for sealing members.

Abstract: Hydrogenated fluoromodified polymers obtainable by reaction among hydrogenated polymers and the modifier having a polyether structure:RfO(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.m (CF.sub.2 O).sub.n --CF.sub.2 --A.sub.q --T.sub.p (I)wherein A is a linking bridge bound to the end group --CF.sub.2 -- of the perfluoropolyether chain, T represents one or more reactive functional groups; p and q are integers, p ranges from 1 to 4, q is an integer from 0 to 1; m and n are integers such that m/n is comprised between 0.2 and 5, Rf is a perfluoroalkyl from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Coatings for surgical instruments which comprise substituted fluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkyl monomers having anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic surface active functionality in the unsaturated fluorophobic ends.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing graft copolymer produced by copolymerizing at least two kinds of monomers selected from the group consisting of fluorinated monomers and propylene in the presence of a saturated iodine-containing compound or an iodine and bromine-containing compound, and further graft copolymerizing the resulting copolymer with tetrafluoroethylene and polyfluorovinyl ether represented by the general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFOCX.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.p Y(where X is H or F, Y is H or F and p is 0-3), where an unsaturated iodine-containing compound or an unsaturated bromine-containing compound may be used together with the saturated iodine-containing compound or iodine and bromine-containing compound. The resulting fluorine-containing graft copolymer is a thermoplastic fluorine-containing copolymer elastomer capable of giving molding products having a distinguished compression set in a high temperature region such as about 280.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluorinated alicyclic structure-containing polymer, which comprises contacting a fluorinated alicyclic structure-containing polymer having an unstable terminal group derived from a polymerization initiator and/or a chain transfer agent with fluorine gas in a fluorine-containing solvent, to convert the unstable terminal group to a stable terminal group and thereby to obtain a fluorinated alicyclic structure-containing polymer having substantially no unstable terminal group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for polymerizing ethylene, acyclic olefins, and/or selected cyclic olefins, and optionally selected olefinic esters or carboxylic acids, and other monomers. The polymerizations are catalyzed by selected transition metal compounds, and sometimes other co-catalysts. Sine some of the polymerizations exhibit some characteristics of living polymerizations, block copolymers can be readily made. Many of the polymers produced are often novel, particularly in regard to their microstructure, which gives some of them unusual properties. Numerous novel catalysts are disclosed, as well as some novel processes for making them. The polymers made are useful as elastomers, molding resins, in adhesives, etc. Also described herein is the synthesis of linear .alpha.-olefins by the oligomerization of ethylene using as a catalyst system a combination a nickel compound having a selected .alpha.-diimine ligand and a selected Lewis or Bronsted acid, or by contacting selected .alpha.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of fluorinated olefins and maleic anhydride, maleic acid, dichloromaleic anhydride or dichloromaleic acid may be made by using as solvents for the maleic anhydride or acid a perfluorinated alkyl carboxylic acid, or liquid or supercritical hexafluoropropylene or carbon dioxide. The resulting polymers are useful as adhesives or compatibilizing agents for fluoropolymers, and in coatings.

Abstract: Polymerization of vinylidene fluoride in carbon dioxide media is effectively initiated by dialkyl(2,2-azobisisobutyrate). Methyl is a preferred alkyl.

Abstract: To provide a fluorine-containing coating material which gives excellent adhesive strength directly to a substrate such as metal, glass, etc. with maintaining excellent characteristics of the fluorine-containing polymer such as thermal resistance, chemical resistance, non-sticking property and low friction property, and a method for coating the material. The fluorine-containing coating material is prepared by using a fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer having functional group which is obtained by copolymerizing (a-1) 0.05 to 30% by mole of at least one of fluorine-containing ethylenic monomers having any one of functional groups selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxylate salt group, carboxylate ester group or epoxy and (b-1) 70 to 99.95% by mole of at least one of fluorine-containing ethylenic monomers having no functional group mentioned above.

Abstract: Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) thermoprocessable copolymers, consisting of:(A) from 0.1 to 15% by moles of a fluorodioxol of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.F is a perfluoroalkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, equal to or different from each other, are --F or --CF.sub.3 ; Z is selected from --F, --H and --Cl;(B) from 0 to 15% by moles of a perfluorinated monomer selected from hexafluoropropene (HFP) and a perfluoralkylvinylether of formula CF.sub.2 .dbd.CF--OR'.sub.f wherein R'.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 or their mixtures; excluding the value 0 for the amount of the monomer (B); and(C) TFE forming the remaining part to 100%; with the proviso that the total amount of the monomers (A) and (B) is lower than or equal to 20% by mole.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and n-alkyl trifluorovinyl ether which further contain either curesite repeat units and/or iodine. Such curesite repeat units, upon exposure to free radicals, may crosslink the copolymers. The iodine is introduced by carrying out free radical polymerization in the presence of an organic iodide chain transfer agent. The polymers according to the invention are especially useful as elastomers and/or as molding resins for articles or parts that may be exposed to a basic environment. The preparation of such polymers by aqueous emulsion polymerization is also disclosed.

Abstract: An addition-curable composition is comprised essentially of (A) a linear perfluoro compound containing at least two alkenyl groups per molecule and having a perfluoro structure in its backbone chain, (B) a linear perfluoro compound containing one alkenyl group per molecule and having a perfluoro structure in its backbone chain, (C) an organosilicon compound containing at least two hydrosilyl groups per molecule, and (D) a platinum family metal catalyst. A cured gel product obtained from the composition has a penetration of 1 to 200 (ASTM D-1403 using 1/4-scale cone). The composition can form a fluorine-containing cured gel product excellent in chemical resistance and solvent resistance, and low in moisture permeability.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a water-soluble and shelf-stable aqueous fluorochemical polymeric treatment useful to treat porous substrates to render them repellent to water- and oil-based stains. The treatment comprises a water-soluble fluorochemical polymer containing only carbon atoms in the backbone, with a plurality of each of the following groups pendent from the backbone: (a) fluoroaliphatic groups, (b) carboxyl-containing groups, (c) oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups, and, optionally, (d) silyl groups.

Abstract: Epoxides containing a perfluorovinyl group, and polymers made therefrom by polymerization of the epoxy function are disclosed. Such epoxides form polymers and copolymers useful for coatings, adhesion control agents, surface modifiers and crosslinking agents.

Abstract: This invention concerns substantially fluorinated, but not perfluorinated, ionomers consisting of a polyethylene backbone having pendant groups of fluoroalkoxy sulfonic acids and metal salts thereof. Such ionomers are useful for electrochemical applications.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing elastomers produced through copolymerization reaction of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro(lower alkyl vinyl ether) and chlorotrifluoroethylene in the presence of a bromine-containing monomer compound and an iodine- and bromine-containing compound, where hexafluoropropene can be further copolymerized, have not only a distinguished resistance to amine-based additives and also distinguished low-temperature characteristic and engine oil resistance, and also a lower cost attained by reduced copolymer proportion of perfluoro(lower alkyl vinyl ether).

Abstract: Polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene is carried out in an aqueous medium to manufacture a type of modified polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder, containing perfluorobutyl ethylene and hexafluoropropylene, with excellent extrusion property under a high reduction ration and with high thermal stability.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer comprising 74 to 80% by mole of vinylidene fluoride, 4 to 12% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, 14 to 18% by mole of hexafluoropropene and 0.3 to 1.3% by mole of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), the sum total being 100% by mole, gives vulcanization products having well balanced high levels of low-temperature characteristics and methanol resistance, and suppressed change in the hardness with time after the secondary vulcanization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making fluorinated polymers and copolymers having stable end groups. The process includes (1) contacting a fluoromonomer, an initiator capable of producing stable end groups on the polymer chain, and a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide, and (2) polymerizing the fluoromonomer. The polymerization medium preferably comprises liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the process may also include the step of separating the fluoropolymer from the polymerization medium. The present invention also provides polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the processes of the present invention.

Abstract: Perfluoroelastomer compositions of improved processability are provided which have reduced levels of ionized or ionizable polymer endgroups.

Abstract: Macromonomers of the formula I are described:Q-B(L-B).sub.n T (I)wherein n is at least 1.0;Q is a polymerizable group;B may be the same or different and is a difunctional block of molecular weight in the range of from 100 to 4000 and wherein at least one B is a perfluorinated polyether of formula II;--OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.x (CF.sub.2 O).sub.y CF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O-- (II)wherein the CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O and CF.sub.2 O units may be randomly distributed or distributed as blocks throughout the chain and wherein x and y may be the same or different such that the molecular weight of the perfluorinated polyether is in the range of from 242 to 4,000;L is a difunctional linking group; andT is a terminal group.These macromonomers may be used in the production of contact lenses, corneal implants, cell growth substrate or medical implant.

Abstract: A cold-setting coating composition comprising: a fulorocopolymer comprising (a) a fluoroolefin monomer unit, (b) a (meth)acrylic ester monomer unit, (c) an organosilicon monomer unit represented by a specific formula, (d) other radically polymerizable monomer unit, proportions of said units (a), (b), (c) and (d) being 5 to 70 mole %, 20 to 80 mole %, 1 to 20 mole % and 0 to 30 mole %, respectively, based on the total mole of the units (a), (b), (c) and (d), and the fluoropolymer having a glass transition (Tg) of 15 to 60.degree. C. a curing catalyst; and an organic solvent. The cold-setting coating composition has excellent weather resistance and stain resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing fluorinated emulsion polymers that reduces or eliminates the need for fluorinated surfactants comprising the steps of:a) providing a reaction mixture comprising water, surfactant, monomer mixture comprising at least one fluorinated monomer, at least one non-fluorinated monomer having high water solubility, and optionally at least one non-fluorinated monomer having low water solubility, macromolecular organic compound having a hydrophobic cavity; andb) polymerizing said monomer mixture.

Abstract: Fluorinated vinyl ethers having phosphorus-containing groups are useful as monomers in making fluoropolymers having functional sites.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer comprising 2 to 8% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, 14 to 25% by mole of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) and 70 to 85% by mole of vinylidene fluoride, sum total being 100% by mole, obtained by copolymerization in the presence of a bromine-containing monomer compound and an iodine and bromine-containing compound, has distinguished low temperature characteristics, solvent resistance and chemical resistance by itself.

Abstract: A macromer of formula (I) is described: Q-(PFPE-L).sub.n-1 -PFPE-Q, wherein n>1.0; PFPE may be the same or different and is a perfluorinated polyether of formula (II): --OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.x (CF.sub.2 O).sub.y CF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, wherein the CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O and CF.sub.2 O units may be randomly distributed or distributed as blocks throughout the chain and wherein x and y may be the same or different such that the molecular weight of the PFPE is in the range of from 242 to 4,000; L is a difunctional linking group; and Q may be the same or different and is a polymerizable group. The macromer may be used preferably in the production of contact lenses.

Abstract: A golf ball having a core and/or an intermediate layer comprising a functionalized fluoropolymer wherein the fluoropolymer may be a perfluoropolymer that is sulfonated or carboxylated or a derivative thereof. The fluoropolymer material may be blended with conventional materials employed to form golf ball cores, intermediate layers, and/or covers.

Abstract: Curable perfluoroelastomer compositions are prepared in the presence of an initiator system comprising a mixture of a persulfate salt and a reducing agent wherein the amount of reducing agent present is no more than 20 mole percent of the total initiator system. The perfluoroelastomer is isolated and decarboxylated, thereby providing a product having excellent processability.

Abstract: A terpolymer having units of Formula I ##STR1## wherein X is a C.sub.2-10 alkyl, C.sub.6-12 aryl, or C.sub.4-12 alkoxy radical,d is from about 3 to about 50,R is a fluoroalkyl radical R.sub.f (A).sub.v --(B).sub.w --,R.sub.f is a fully fluorinated straight or branched aliphatic radical optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom,A is a divalent radical selected from --SO.sub.2 N(R")--, --CON(R")--, --S--, or --SO.sub.2 --, where R" is H, or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical,B is a divalent linear hydrocarbon radical -CtH.sub.2 t-, where t is 1 to 12,Y is a divalent radical --CH.sub.2 --O--,u, v, and w are each independently zero or 1,R' is hydrogen or methyl,e is from about 0.05 to about 10,M is hydrogen, alkali metal, or ammonium, andf is from about 5 to about 40,and its use to provide soil resistance and resistance to staining by acid dyes for fiber substrates is disclosed.

Abstract: Non-ionic compound having the general formula:R.sub.f --L--(OCHR.sub.1 --CHR.sub.2).sub.n --O--L'--R.sub.f' (I)wherein:n is an integer comprised between 4 and 60, preferably between 8 and 30;L and L', equal to or different from each other, can be selected from:--(CFY--CO--O).sub.p R'-- and --(CFY--CO--NH).sub.p R'--wherein: p is 0 or 1; Y can be F or CF.sub.3 ; R' is an alkylic radical C.sub.1 -C.sub.5,R.sub.1, R.sub.2 can be both H or the former one H and the latter CH.sub.3.R.sub.f and R.sub.f', equal to or different from each other, can be perfluoropolyethereal radicals having a number average molecular weight comprised between 250 and 1500, preferably between 400 and 1000; and its use as thickener of aqueous latexes based on fluoropolymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making fluorinated polymers and copolymers having stable end groups. The process includes (1) contacting a fluoromonomer, an initiator capable of producing stable end groups on the polymer chain, and a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide, and (2) polymerizing the fluoromonomer. The polymerization medium preferably comprises liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the process may also include the step of separating the fluoropolymer from the polymerization medium.The present invention also provides polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the processes of the present invention.

Abstract: Perfluoroelastomer compositions of improved processability are provided which have reduced levels of ionized or ionizable polymer endgroups.

Abstract: Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) having perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) content of at least 3 wt % exhibit excellent toughness even at melt viscosities of no greater than 25.times.10.sup.3 Pa.s. The copolymers can advantageously be made by aqueous dispersion copolymerization of the monomers in the absence of alkaline buffer and preferably in the absence of organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for making a fluoropolymer is disclosed. The process comprises solubilizing a fluoromonomer in solvent comprising a carbon dioxide fluid, and then polymerizing the fluoromonomer to produce a the fluoropolymer. A preferred solvent for carrying out the process is supercritical carbon dioxide; preferred fluoromonomers for carrying out the process are fluoroacrylate monomers such as 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate. The polymerization step is preferably carried out in the presence of an initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile.

Abstract: Amorphous fluoropolymers contain tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether).

Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing copolymer elastomer having bromine groups as cross-linkable groups, which comprises about 45 to about 80% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, about 50 to about 20% by mole of a perfluoro(vinylether) represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2).sub.2 (OCF.sub.2)nOCF.sub.3where n is an integer of 1 to 5, and about 0.2 to about 5% by mole of a bromine-containing unsaturated monomer compound, sum total being 100% by mole, gives vulcanization products having distinguished resistances to chemicals, low temperature and heat.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing copolymer elastomer having bromine groups as cross-linkable groups, which comprises about 45 to about 80% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, about 50 to about 20% by mole of a perfluoro(vinylether) represented by following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2).sub.2 (OCF.sub.2)nOCF.sub.3where n is an integer of 1 to 5, and about 0.2 to about 5% by mole of a bromine-containing unsaturated monomer compound, sum total being 100% by mole, gives vulcanization products having distinguished resistances to chemicals, low temperature and heat.

Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing copolymer elastomer having bromine groups as cross-linkable groups, which comprises about 45 to about 80% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, about 50 to about 20% by mole of a perfluoro(vinylether) represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2).sub.2 (OCF.sub.2)nOCF.sub.3where n is an integer of 1 to 5, and about 0.2 to about 5% by mole of a bromine-containing unsaturated monomer compound, sum total being 100% by mole, gives vulcanization products having distinguished resistances to chemicals, low temperature and heat.

Abstract: Use of amorphous perfluoropolymers based on homopolymers of the TTD dioxole or its amorphous copolymers to prepare solutions in fluoro-containing solvents, to obtain solutions for coatings, wherein TTD has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.F is a perfluoroalkylic radical with 1-5 carbon atoms, linear or branched when possible; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 equal to or different from each other being F or CF.sub.3 ; the TTD amount ranges from 40 to 100% by moles.

Abstract: A process for preparing perfluoroelastomer compositions which comprise perfluoroelastomers having a plurality of nitrile groups and a plurality of carboxyl-containing groups, carboxylate-containing groups, carboxamide groups, or mixtures thereof is provided. Such compositions cure rapidly in the presence of organotin compounds.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing fluorine-containing ethylenically-unsaturated monomer and allylic-hydrogen containing olefin monomer is provided. The method involves the use of fluoroaliphatic-group containing sulfinate. Novel polymers are also disclosed, comprising interpolymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and allylic-hydrogen containing olefin, for example, propylene.

Abstract: Curable perfluoroelastomer compositions are prepared in the presence of an initiator system comprising a mixture of a persulfate salt and a reducing agent wherein the amount of reducing agent present is no more than 20 mole percent of the total initiator system. The perfluoroelastomer is isolated and decarboxylated, thereby providing a product having excellent processability.

Abstract: A process for making oxidized olefins is disclosed. Specifically, the process comprises providing an olefin and oxygen in combination in a reaction medium comprising carbon dioxide, and then oxidizing the olefin in the reaction medium to make the oxidized olefin. Preferably, a perfluoropolyether is produced by the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chelating agent suitable for forming coordinated complexes with a metal in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide of covalently bonded (i) a chelating group selected from the group consisting of a dithio carbamate, a thiol group, and a picolyl amine group, (ii) a non-electron withdrawing spacer group selected from (CH.sub.2).sub.x ; and (iii) a CO.sub.2 -soluble functional group selected from (CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.X, (CF.sub.2 O).sub.X, (CF.sub.2).sub.X, and ?CF.sub.2 (CF.sub.3 FO)!.sub.x. X is selected to be greater or equal to 3 and to minimize the electron withdrawing effect of the CO.sub.2 -soluble functional group and to achieve a chelating agent solubility of at least a 10.sup.-3 gm/gm CO.sub.2. A solubility of at least 10.sup.-2 gm/gm CO.sub.2 is attained at a temperature in the range of approximately 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. and a pressure of approximately 500 to 5000 psi.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for polymerizing ethylene, acyclic olefins, and/or selected cyclic olefins, and optionally selected olefinic esters or carboxylic acids, and other monomers. The polymerizations are catalyzed by selected transition metal compounds, and sometimes other co-catalysts. Since some of the polymerizations exhibit some characteristics of living polymerizations, block copolymers can be readily made. Many of the polymers produced are often novel, particularly in regard to their microstructure, which gives some of them unusual properties. Numerous novel catalysts are disclosed, as well as some novel processes for making them. The polymers made are useful as elastomers, molding resins, in adhesives, etc. Also described herein is the synthesis of linear .alpha.-olefins by the oligomerization of ethylene using as a catalyst system a combination a nickel compound having a selected .alpha.-diimine ligand and a selected Lewis or Bronsted acid, or by contacting selected .alpha.

Abstract: Group IV organometallic compounds, e.g. alkylsilane, or alkylsiloxane compounds, are used as chain transfer agent in the radical initiated polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, to give polymers comprising non-ionic end groups.