Abstract: Polymers of p-methyl styrene can be cross-linked with chemical cross-linking agents, such as peroxides, to produce insoluble products. The methyl styrene used has a high content of the para-isomer. An important end use is for rigid food or beverage containers subjected to thermal conditions.

Abstract: Controlled release pesticide-polymer systems are prepared by the polymerization of vinyl monomers containing pendant pesticides. The vinyl monomers are prepared by reacting an acrylic acid derivative with a pesticide or a pesticide derivative having an active hydrogen. The pesticide-polymer systems prepared from the pesticide vinyl monomers release the active pesticide material by hydrolysis or chemical depolymerization under conditions of use.

Abstract: The char-forming characteristics of aromatic polymers containing one or more combustion resistant components are improved by incorporating therein a polybenzyl, a polyallyl, or an allyl/benzyl moiety. As an example, a styrene polymer comprising a halogenated comonomer such as bromostyrene is rendered char-forming by the presence of copolymerized vinylbenzyl chloride in the styrene polymer. Such polymeric compositions are useful in the manufacture of shaped articles such as housings for electrical appliances.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer of an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group.

Abstract: Unstabilized vinylbenzyl chloride and substituted vinylbenzyl chlorides are essentially inert with respect to surfaces of aluminum or alloys containing at least 90 percent by weight of aluminum in sharp contrast to benzyl chloride and similar substituted benzyl halides. Aluminum and such alloys of aluminum are thus practical materials of construction for making containers, pipes, stills, still column packing and the like for handling vinylbenzyl chloride.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer f an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group. The invention also comprises a method of coating a substrate with the above polymer and a method of fractionating mixtures by affinity chromatography employing the above polymer as an adsorbent.

Abstract: Curable compositions are provided by the interaction of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) tetrachloroterephthalate with acrylic acid derivatives to form flame retardant unsaturated esters of tetrachloroterephthalic acid.

Abstract: A liquid chloroprene polymer having substantially at least one carboxyl group in the molecule and having a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 20,000 which is produced by(1) homopolymerizing a chloroprene monomer or(2) copolymerizing a chloroprene monomer with a monomer copolymerizable with a chloroprene monomer,in the presence of an organic solvent and about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight of a mercaptocarboxylic acid per 100 parts by weight of the monomers. The liquid polymer is reacted with a polyvalent metal oxide or hydroxide to form a thermo-reversible elastomeric composition.

Abstract: Fabrication of fine dimensioned circuits, e.g., VLSI includes at least one lithographic step dependent upon members of a particular category of polymer resists. Such resists, generally negative acting, are characterized by high contrast due to unusually narrow molecular weight distribution of the polymer molecules. This distribution is in turn dependent upon choice of a base polymer which is itself characterized by narrow molecular weight distribution due to "living polymerization" (solution anionic, polymerization). Functionalization of such base polymer is designedly such as to retain narrow distribution. Chlorinated polystyrene is exemplary of the resist category.

Abstract: N-substituted acrylamidines having the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is an isopropyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each is hydrogen, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, octyl, or octadecyl. The acrylamidine is copolymerized with at least one ester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid esters, and the copolymer has use as an oil additive and for the manufacture of molded articles, paints and adhesives.

Abstract: Ar-halo-ar(t-alkyl)styrenes, e.g., 2-chloro-4-(t-butyl)styrene, polymerize to form materials having unusually high temperature resistance. Additionally, compositions of such monomers, unsaturated polyesters and free-radical generating catalysts cure at lower temperatures and in less time than similar compositions containing conventional styrene monomers.

Abstract: The production of polymer beads by a suspension polymerization process in which a vinyl aromatic monomer having a free-radical generating catalyst dissolved therein is suspended in an aqueous medium with the aid of from 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight, based on monomer, of a finely divided phosphate suspending agent in the presence of a modifier and heated to cause the monomer to polymerize into polymer beads is improved by the addition to the suspension of at least about 0.01 percent by weight based on monomer of an adjunct modifier, glutamic acid. Although the process of the invention is especially applicable in the preparation of large polymer beads, the glutamic acid also makes it possible to prepare the smaller polymer beads having narrow particle size distribution, also.

Abstract: Highly water absorbent films and fibers are prepared by photopolymerizing an alkaline metal salt of acrylic acid, at least one alkyl acrylate or methacrylate wherein the alkyl group contains 10 to 30 carbon atoms, at least one alkyl acrylate or methacrylate wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a photoinitiator. The resulting interpolymers are particularly useful in the preparation of highly absorbent personal hygiene and care products.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer f an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group.The invention also comprises a method of coating a substrate with the above polymer and a method of fractionating mixtures by affinity chromatography employing the above polymer as an adsorbent.

Abstract: Polymers containing laterally substituted isocyanate groups, prepared from acyl azide monomers and at least one other vinyl monomer, and their preparation are provided. Utilization of the acyl azide monomers avoids the problems in handling and storage of the moisture sensitive and toxic isocyanate monomers.

Abstract: A poly(hydroxy) telechelic styrene polymer polymerization process comprising contacting an olefin, a free radical polymerization initiator, and a poly(hydroxyorgano) polysulfide is described. The poly(hydroxy) terminated styrene polymers can be end-capped and/or coupled with other polymeric materials. The styrene polymers can be molded, calendered, or extruded as films, sheets, fibers, laminates or other useful articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Fibers and filaments of linear thermoplastic polyesters, containing halogen-containing flameproofing agents and synergistic agents therefor, in which the flameproofing agents are chlorinated and/or brominated oligomeric styrenes. The fibers and filaments of the invention are used for the manufacture of textiles of low flammability.

Abstract: A poly(organosiloxy) telechelic styrene polymer polymerization process comprising contacting an olefin, a free radical polymerization initiator, and a poly(organosiloxyaryl) polysulfide is described. The poly(organosiloxy) terminated styrene polymers can be end capped and/or coupled with other polymeric materials. The styrene polymers can be molded, calendered, or extruded as films, sheets, fibers, laminates or other useful articles of manufacture.

Abstract: A 1,3-cyclodiene is polymerized with a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of a paraffin or cycloparaffin hydrocarbon diluent and an organolithium initiator. Further, polymerization of a 1,3-cyclodiene with a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon employing an organolithium initiator having a functionally greater than 1 produces a new and useful copolymer. Hydrogenated copolymers are provided.

Abstract: Vinylbenzyl ethers of polyphenolics such as bisphenol A and novolac resins comprise a new class of curable resins which have marked advantages over comparable types of resins. They have the greater ease of free-radical curing compared to epoxy resins. The cured resins have greater stability than polyester resins because of the lack of hydrolyzable groups, and they have high heat distortion temperatures. Additionally, the resins produce solutions of low viscosity with comonomers such as styrene.

Abstract: A process for preparing substantially linear water-soluble interpolymeric interfacially spreading polyelectrolytes, such process comprising (1) a homogeneous polymerization in an aqueous emulsion of a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers wherein at least one of such monomers contains a reactive group and wherein the polymerization reaction forms an interpolymer containing nonionic functional groups, then (2) adding a coreactant compound to the aqueous emulsion in an amount sufficient to convert the interpolymer to a water-soluble polyelectrolyte having a charge which is the same as the charge of the emulsion of (1) above.

Abstract: Polymers, such as butadiene copolymers and isoprene copolymers, having pendant unsaturated tetra-aliphatic quaternary nitrogen moieties, such as those derived from acrylic esters and acrylamides are useful as water-soluble or inherently water-dispersible curable coatings such as protective and/or decorative coatings, paper coatings, textile fiber coatings, printing plates, photo-curable imagable materials useful as photo-resists, lithographic plates, etc., and the like. Such coatings are curable with light, with high energy radiation and with heat in the presence of free radical catalysts to form insoluble, crosslinked coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain novel anion exchange resins and the method of making them. It relates more particularly to aminated cross-linked polymers of bis(chloromethyl(styrene which exhibit improved anion exchange properties, and to the method of preparing the same.

Abstract: In a process for the production of a low molecular weight polyanhydride having a softening point within the range of about 111.degree. to 156.degree. C. by the mass polymerization reaction of a maleic monomer and at least one alkyl-substituted styrene at a temperature in the range of about 140.degree. to 200.degree. C., the improvement comprising employing an alkali metal bifluoride, preferably potassium bifluoride, as catalyst for the reaction.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of gel-free interpolymers from monomers comprising one or more halomethylated vinyl aromatic compounds and one or more Type III monoolefins is characterized by the use of a solvent or mixture of solvents in which the reactants and the interpolymers are soluble; a soluble Lewis acid or Friedel-Crafts catalyst, especially an organo-Group IIIa element halide catalyst; a reaction temperature in the range of -120.degree. C to -20.degree. C; and a conversion of at least one of the monomers to interpolymer in excess of 85 percent. The interpolymers may be crosslinked with nucleophilic reagents to produce elastomeric compositions; quaternized with nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous compounds to give self-emulsifying latices useful as surface coatings or converted to sulfonic or carboxylic derivatives for the preparation of ionomer resins.

Abstract: A crosslinkable polyion complex is prepared by reacting a polycation polymer having an ethylenic double bond at a terminal position in the repeating unit of the polymer with a polyanion polymer. A polyion complex film is prepared by dissolving the crosslinkable polyion complex in a solvent mixture of water-organic solvent-acid, base or salt and then forming a film by casting or coating the solution on a substrate.

Abstract: Organosulfur molecular weight regulators for emulsion polymerization systems, such as mercaptan compounds, are mixed and agitated with the aqueous emulsifier prior to use in emulsion polymerization systems. The modifying efficiency of the organosulfur molecular weight modifiers can be controlled by the degree of agitation. In many cases, adding the agitated mixture incrementally to the emulsion polymerization system further improves effectiveness of the modifier.

Abstract: Isocyanic acid derivatives are prepared by reacting an organic halogen compound with an alkali cyanate in N,N-disubstituted organic acid amides, N,N-disubstituted sulfonic acid amides, sulfoxides, sulfones or macrocyclic polyethers, at 70.degree. to 200.degree. C, in the presence of organic polyhalogen compounds selected from compounds having dihalogenomethyl group, dihalogenomethylene group, or trihalogenomethyl group and tetrahalogenomethane, in an amount in the range of from 1 to 20 weight percent based on the weight of said organic halogen compounds.

Abstract: Ar-halo-ar(t-alkyl)styrenes, e.g., 2-chloro-4-(t-butyl)styrene, polymerize to form materials having unusually high temperature resistance. Additionally, compositions of such monomers, unsaturated polyesters and free-radical generating catalysts cure at lower temperatures and in less time than similar compositions containing conventional styrene monomers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive compositions formed by copolymerizing at least one 3-(chlorinated aryloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl ester of an alpha, beta unsaturated carboxylic acid with acrylate based copolymerizable monomers, heating the resultant ethylenically saturated prepolymer to a temperature sufficient to render it fluid and flowable; coating onto a substrate and exposing to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: Sulfur vulcanizable elastomers comprise interpolymers of a major proportion of (a) one or more olefinic or haloolefinic hydrocarbons; (b) one or more esters of acrylic acid in which the acyclic or alicyclic radical moiety of the ester is free of olefinic unsaturation; and (c) a minor proportion, of about 0.10 to 10 mol percent of the total monomers present in the interpolymer, of an acyclic conjugated diolefin, prepared with a catalyst system comprising a Lewis acid, a vanadium compound and a source of free-radicals such as an organic peroxide. The polymer chain consists of segments of alternating olefin and acrylic ester monomer units of variable length interconnected by randomly distributed diolefin units and the sum of the olefin and diolefin monomers in moles is substantially equal to the sum of the acrylic esters in moles present in the interpolymer.

Abstract: Diisoprenyl ether added to an alkadiene/monovinyl arene emulsion polymerization mixture increases the Mooney viscosity of a polymer.

Abstract: Alternating elastomeric interpolymers comprised of: (A) about 50 mol percent of one or more acyclic or alicyclic esters of acrylic acid wherein the ester radical moiety is free of olefinic unsaturation or readily replaceable halogen; (B) one or more of acyclic or alicyclic Type I or Type III mono-olefins; and (C) 0.3 to 30 mol percent of one or more halomethylated aromatic vinyl compounds, the sum of the (B) and (C) components totalling about 50 mol percent of the interpolymer. The interpolymers can be readily substituted or crosslinked with nucleophilic reagents at moderate temperatures. The crosslinked elastomers possess good tensile strength, elongation and modulus and have utility as general purpose, or particularly as oil and heat resistant elastomers.

Abstract: A high polymer compound containing therein the reactive group represented by the following general formula; ##STR1## wherein X represents O or S; Y represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group; and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having not more than 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a nitro group.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of homogeneous copolymers from monomers having differing reaction rates; in particular copolymers of acrylonitrile or of vinylidene chloride are disclosed. The monomers are fed to the reaction mixture at a rate sufficient to maintain a constant monomer ratio in the reaction mixture throughout the course of the reaction, the rate of addition being determined by the rate of evolution of heat as measured by the rate that a cooling system removes heat evolved by the reaction. An injection-mouldable copolymer consisting essentially of acrylonitrile units and uniformly distributed units of styrene or .alpha.-methyl styrene may be produced in this way. Films of the copolymer can be oriented by stretching at 90.degree.-140.degree. C. Its softening point may be increased by copolymerizing a minor amount of N-aryl maleimide.

Abstract: Alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene prepared by the manipulative steps of brominating poly(.alpha.-methyl-styrene) and subsequently depolymerizing the brominated polymer. The alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene has particular utility as a co-monomer for preparing copolymers exhibiting a flame retardancy.

Abstract: Polymers having low permeability to gases and vapors and yet high heat stability and creep resistance are prepared by a novel method of polymerizing acrylonitrile, a vinylidene aromatic monomer such as styrene and an olefinic ester such as methyl methacrylate. Conjugated diene-based impact modifiers for said polymers are disclosed, as well as impact-resistant blends of said polymers and said impact modifiers. The blends are useful for packaging materials in applications wherein high thermoformability and processability, as well as excellent barrier properties and heat stability, color stability, and creep resistance are desired.

Abstract: Diacylium complexes of tetrahaloterephthalic acid can be produced by reacting tetrahaloterephthalic acid with sulfur trioxide to form compounds capable of reacting with various nucleophilics.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuously polymerizing styrene to a low residual monomer content in a series flow reactor, the reactor containing internal stationary devices to laterally mix the styrene as it proceeds within the reactor.

Abstract: Primary-aliphatic-.alpha.-hydroxyazo-alkanes having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms;R.sup.1 is the same as R except R.sup.1 is not hydrogen;R.sup.2 is the same as R except R.sup.2 is neither hydrogen, aryl, nor alkaryl;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can together form an alkylene diradical;R, r.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be optionally substituted with the same or different groups.The compounds of the invention are more stable than the corresponding tertiary aliphatic-alpha-hydroxyazoalkanes. The compounds of the invention are useful as foaming agents for polyester resins and initiators for free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers.

Abstract: Novel N-(m or p-vinylbenzyl)aziridines are disclosed which correspond to the structural formula ##EQU1## wherein R and R' are hydrogen or lower alkyl. They are highly reactive difunctional monomers which can be homopolymerized or copolymerized to form many useful polymers.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a novel aromatic oligomeric compound or polymer having a polyhaloacetyl moiety attached thereto are polymerized upon exposure to a source of radiation.

Abstract: Adhesion of thermoplastic elastomers, such as unvulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber, to a solid substrate is obtained by using a primer containing a tackifier component, such as hydrogenated rosin or a coumarone-indene resin, and an amino-functional trihydrolyzable silane, partial condensates and hydrochloride salts thereof in which the amino-functionality is in the form of a primary or secondary amine.

Abstract: Stable emulsions of terpolymer particles are formed by polymerizing ethylene, a styrenic monomer such as styrene, and an alkyl vinyl monomer having from about 3 up to about 24 carbon atoms in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water soluble persulfate initiator, and a nonionic and/or anionic emulsifier. The resulting novel stable emulsions contain particles of terpolymer of the three monomers which will provide film coatings of increased flexibility and toughness. Furthermore, the emulsions have excellent compatibility when blended with conventional polish formulations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 =C< grouping, and mixtures thereof whereby polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reactor is substantially eliminated. The process is carried out in a reaction vessel the inner surfaces of which are coated with a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, polyethyleneimine and wherein the polymerization medium in contact with said coated surfaces contains a water-soluble divalent tin salt as a water-phase polymerization inhibitor. The coating and inhibitor produce a synergistic effect.

Abstract: Novel symmetrical bis(unsymmetrical t-alkyl and t-aralkyl azo) compounds of the general formula I:r -- n = n -- r.sub.12 -- n = n -- r' (i)where R = R' = (R").sub.3 C--, e.g., 1,2-ethylene bis(4-t-butylazo-4-cyanovalerate); and the use of I for sequential generation of free radicals, e.g. styrene monomer and 1,2-ethylene bis(4-t-butylazo-4-cyanovalerate) are reacted to obtain polystyrene containing attached azo groups which in turn is reacted with methyl methacrylate monomer to obtain a block copolymer of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate).