Abstract: At least 95% tetrahydrofuran soluble polymers are obtainable by copolymerization of a monomer mixture ofA) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one at least 98% pure monomer of the general formula ICH.sub.2 .dbd.C(E)CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 C(E').dbd.CH.sub.2 Iwhere E and E' have been selected from the group consisting of --COOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, --CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 and --CN and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each defined as follows:R.sup.1 =H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl rings may be alkyl- or alkoxy-monosubstituted, -disubstituted or -trisubstituted, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, wherein the aryl groups may carry up to three of the following groups: halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, nitrilo, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino;R.sup.2, R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of magnetizable polymer particles with a narrow distribution from aqueous dispersions with a wide distribution. The amount of water in the aqueous dispersion with a wide distribution is adjusted so that the proportion by weight of magnetizable polymer particles is between about 1 and 40% of said dispersion. The surfactant concentration of the dispersion after the water adjustment is increased until two phases are obtained: a so-called liquid phase and a so-called solid phase. After separation of these two phases is accomplished, these steps are repeated as desired. An aqueous dispersion with a narrow size distribution is recovered.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reticulable polymer for use in non-linear optics, the polymer being constituted of a skeleton to which side chains are attached; one chain ensures the amorphous nature of the polymer, the skeleton consisting of polyacrylic, polystyrene or polysiloxane, and a second side chain able to generate non-linear optical effects and terminating in a heat or photochemically reticulable group.

Abstract: Polymer compositions having a styrene-derived backbone chain and having pendant side chains containing a nitrone functional group undergo changes in refractive index upon exposure to actinic radiation. Waveguides are "written" in films containing such polymers by exposing predetermined areas to sufficient radiation to change the refractive index.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties as lateral substituents are disclosed which provide improved processability relative to polycyanates containing one or more mesogenic moieties in the main chain of the molecule. Molecular level ordering of the resulting thermosets is maintained much similar to that found thermosets of polycyanates which have one or more mesogenic moieties in the main chain.

Abstract: Novel (meth)acrylate copolymers which contain, as polymerized units,A) one or more (meth)acrylates and/or (meth)acrylamides having second order nonlinear optical properties and of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or methyl, X is a flexible spacer, which may or may not be present, Y is a divalent group having electron donor activity and Z is a noncentrosymmetric radical containing an easily polarizable conjugated .pi.-electron system and one or more electron acceptor groups, andB) one or more (meth)acrylates of alkanols where the alkyl radical is of 10 to 30 carbon atomsin a molar ratio of (A) to (B) of from 1:0.5 to 1:5 are very suitable as nonlinear optical materials for nonlinear optical arrangements and for the production of Langmuir-Blodgett films.

Abstract: The invention is a series of amorphous copolymers which, used in association with a small molecule, provide photorefractive materials that can be used in optical signal processing. These copolymers contain an active non-linear optical group and a group which contributes to their photoconductivity. ##STR1## where: X is H, CH.sub.3, Cl or FY is H, CH.sub.3, Cl or F2.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.42.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.4The electron-donor group D being:--O--, --S--, ##STR2## or --COO-- The electron-acceptor group A.sub.e being: --CN, --NO.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I) and 0 to 95 mole % of (II), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000. ##STR1## wherein the symbols represent the same meanings as defined in the specification. ##STR2## A nonlinear optical element has large nonlinear optical effect and yet is excellent in molding processability so that it can be widely applied to the filed of optical processings.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic nonlinear optical material comprising a compound having a conjugate main chain in the molecule and having donor groups D and acceptor groups A added onto the conjugate main chain in the sequence of . . . , D, D, A, A, D, D, . . . , in which the distance between adjacent D's and the distance between adjacent A's are shorter than the distance between adjacent D and A with respect to the distance between the atoms on the main chain to which the respective groups are bonded.In this organic nonlinear optical material, since electron wave functions are modified, enhanced quadratic and cubic nonlinear optical effects can be attained. Accordingly, the organic nonlinear optical material can be advantageously utilized for an electro-optical element and an optical-to-optical element.

Abstract: This invention provides novel vinyl polymers with pendant side chains which exhibit nonlinear optical response. The polymers have utility as a transparent optical media in optical devices.

Abstract: The epoxy resins according to the invention demonstrate the following structure: ##STR1## The cross-linked epoxy resins exhibit non-linear optical properties.

Abstract: Homopolymers and copolymers with an acrylic backbone chain having pendant side-chains containing a nitrone functional group undergo change in refractive index upon exposure to actinic radiation. Waveguides are "written"in films containing such polymers by exposing predtermined areas to sufficient actinic radiation to change the refractive index.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides novel side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in all-optical and electrooptical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: Thermosettable vinyl ester resin compositions are prepared from polyepoxide compounds, optionally, monoepoxide compounds, at least one of which contains a mesogenic or rigid rodlike moiety and a monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid. These vinyl ester resins can be mixed with polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can, if desired, contain a mesogenic or rigid rodlike moiety.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides a novel type of copolymer which can be formed into a thin film nonlinear optical medium which exhibits superior light transmission properties, and which has excellent adhesion properties when laminated with inorganic or organic layers.

Abstract: Significant improvements in the utility of oxazolidone and polyoxazolidone compounds and in their manufacture can be achieved using a novel catalyst in the reaction between a hindered isocyanate and an epoxy, forming oxazolidone ring structures. The novel catalyst of the invention promotes the efficient and rapid formation of oxazolidone and polyoxazolidone compounds. The use of hindered isocyanate in the reaction prevents formation of side reaction products such as isocyanate trimer, allophanate and biuret.

Abstract: UV-crosslinkable materials based on (meth)acrylate copolymers contain copolymerized monomers of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is a certain alkyl radical, an aryl radical or a radical R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 is a radical ##STR2## where R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 are each H, alkyl, a non-ortho OH group, OCH.sub.3, OC.sub.2 H.sub.3, SH, SCH.sub.3, Cl, F, CN, COOH, COO(C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl), CF.sub.3, N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2, N(CH.sub.3)C.sub.6 H.sub.5, .sup.+ N(CH.sub.3).sub.3 X.sup.- or .sup.+N(CH.sub.3).sub.X X.sup.-, where X.sup.- is an acid anion, and one or more of the radicals R.sup.2 to R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to acrylic polymers and more specifically to polyalamides and polyacrylates such as poly{2-[(N-2-methyl-5-nitrophenylamino)ethyl acrylate]} and poly[(N-2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide]. These acrylic polymers are particularly useful as nonlinear optical components in various electrical devices for processing optical amplifiers, generators, computational devices and the like.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides novel organic compounds and polymers characterized by a 1,4-bis(4-arylbutadienyl)benzene structure which exhibits third order nonlinear optical response.

Abstract: This invention relates to acrylic polymers and more specifically to polyalamides and polyacrylates such as poly{(2-[(N-2-methyl-5-nitrophenylamino)ethyl acrylate]} and poly[(N-2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide]. These acrylic polymers are particularly useful as nonlinear optical components in various electrical devices for processing optical signals including interferometors, optical switches, optical amplifiers, generators, computational devices and the like.

Abstract: Thermosettable vinyl ester resin compositions are prepared from polyepoxide compounds, optionally monoepoxide compounds, at least one of which contains a mesogenic or rigid rodlike moiety and a monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid. These vinyl ester resins can be mixed with polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can, if desired, contain a mesogenic or rigid rodlike moiety.

Abstract: Crosslinked bead polymers having an average particle diameter in the range of from 0.5-10 .mu.m and a narrow particle size distribution can be prepared by polymerization of vinyl monomers and silane monomer units which contain a hydrolysable group, the polymerization being carried out in a non-aqueous, polar medium using a free-radical former as the initiator in the presence of a polymer which is soluble in this medium and acts as a dispersant, and furthermore in the presence of a low molecular weight surfactant, and the resulting polymer is then crosslinked by the action of an aqueous acid or base.

Abstract: This invention provides novel side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in all-optical and electrooptical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: This invention provides novel side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in all-optical and electrooptical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: A linear addition polymer having sidegroups which may be coupled to it or not through a spacer and have a molecular hyperpolarizability .beta. of at least 10.sup.-38 m.sup.4 /V, characterized in that the recurring units of the polymer correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and m=1 or optionally 0, wherewhen m-1Y represents a ##STR2## group and R has the meaning of (a) a hyperpolarizable group having a molecular hyperpolarizability .beta. of at least 10.sup.-38 m.sup.4 /V, in the presence or not of a spacer, and optionally along with(b) a mesogenic group in the presence or not of a spacer, and/or(c) a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted organic group having not more than 30 carbon atoms, andwhen m=0Y represents a --CN, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a group of the formula --OR.sub.1 or --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Bisphenol derivatives corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl,X is C.sub.1-12 alkylene,Y is C.sub.1-12 alkylene,Z is hydrogen, ##STR2## and polymers produced thereform containing structural units corresponding to formula (II) ##STR3## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, Y and Z are as defined above.

Abstract: This invention provides novel side chain liquid crystalline polymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in electrooptic light modulator devices.

Abstract: Polymer particles which carry, implanted on their surface, amphiphilic molecules carrying ion-forming or reactive groups, and dispersions thereof, which may be prepared by contacting a latex of particles of a polymer having a glass transition temperature Tg greater than about 40.degree. C., with an amphiphilic compound having an HLB greater than or equal to 10 and a molecular weight greater than or equal to 400. The contacting is carried out at a temperature within the glass transition zone of the polymer, until enmeshing of the polymer chains and of the hydrophobic blocks of the amphiphilic compound has been achieved. The hydrophilic block of the amphiphilic compound carries at least one ion-forming or reactive group. The particles and their dispersions are useful in biological applications.

Abstract: This invention provides novel side chain liquid crystalline polymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in electrooptic light modulator devices.

Abstract: This invention provides novel sidechain liquid crystalline polymers which exhibit nonlinear response, and which have utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modular devices.

Abstract: Polymer particles possessing, implanted on their surface, amphiphilic molecules carrying ion-forming or reactive groups, and dispersions thereof, prepared by diffusing, into a previously prepared aqueous seeding dispersion of polymer particles, an organosoluble polymerization initiator, swelling the particles of the dispersion thus obtained by introducing a monomer composition comprising at least one monomer and at least one amphiphilic compound, and polymerizing the monomer composition.

Abstract: This invention provides novel acrylic copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: Water in oil dispersions of hydrophilic polymers based on acrylic acid partially or totally converted into the salt form with ammonia, which dispersions contain:(a) 65 to 75% of an aqueous dispersed phase, 35 to 50% of which is a hydrophilic copolymer, having a molecular weight greater than 3.times.10.sup.6, based on 0 to 50% acrylamide and 0.008 to 0.1% bisacrylamidoacetic acid partially or totally converted into the salt form with ammonia;(b) 3 to 7% of an emulsifying system, having overall an HLB value greater than 7,(c) the remainder (up to 100%) being an oil phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric materials usable in non linear optics. The structure of the material of the invention includes a skeleton to which side chains are attached, the material resulting from the association of a first and a second monomer, the first monomer including a mesomorphogenic group connected to the skeleton by a spacer, the second monomer including a group capable of generating the second harmonic of an electromagnetic wave and also being connected to the skeleton by a spacer.

Abstract: A polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from between about 1,000 to about 10,000,000 which polymer contains at least 5 mole percent of a pendant functional group represented by: ##STR1## and mixtures thereof; wherein R' is chosen from the group consisting of H, and lower linear or branched alkyl groups containing from one to six carbon atoms; and X is an anionic gegenion, present in an electroneutralizing amount.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a transparent optical medium consisting of a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits third order nonlinear optical response.Illustrative of an invention optical medium is a transparent film of a side chain liquid crystalline polymer corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## The transparent film has an isotropic molecular configuration with macroscopic centrosymmetry, and exhibits essentially no scattering of a transmitted incident light beam.

Abstract: Polymeric carboxy hydroxamic acids useful as detergent additives are disclosed which are advantageously prepared from polyacrylic acid by first dehydrating the polyacrylic acid to form polyacrylic anhydride followed by reaction with a hydroxylamine compound.

Abstract: This invention provides novel isotropic acrylic copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: This invention provides novel sidechain liquid crystalline polymers which exhibit nonlinear response, and which have utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: This invention provides novel polyvinyl polymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in electrooptic light modulator devices.

Abstract: Latex compositions suitable for applications requiring surface hydrophilicity are disclosed. The compositions comprise: (1) a liquid phase selected from the group consisting of water, water-miscible solvents and mixtures thereof; and (2) latex particles dispersed in the liquid phase. The particles comprise an elastomeric hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic "shell" which is integral with the core and which colloidally stabilizes the latex particles in the liquid phase. The shell comprises moieties L-Q attached to the core, wherein Q is a nonionic group end-capped with a cationic moiety, and L is a linking unit. When the liquid phase is removed, the particles are capable of forming an elastomeric film having a substantially permanent cationic, hydrophilic surface. The cationic moiety helps the latex particles become attracted to anionic surfaces such as cellulosic materials.

Abstract: Copolymers containing from 5 to 50 mol % of monomers having o-nitrocarbinol ester groups, from 94 to 30 mol % of methacrylonitrile, from 1 to 20 mol % of olefinically unsaturated copolymerizable carboxylic acid and from 0 to 30 mol % of other copolymerizable monomers as copolymerized units are useful for fabricating semiconductor components.

Abstract: This invention provides novel isotropic acrylic copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: A blocked isocyanatocarbonyl group-containing polymer which comprises a carbon-carbon backbone chain and at least one blocked isocyanatocarbonyl group and at least one active hydrogen-containing group or an acidic or basic group and has a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000, the contents of said blocked isocyanatocarbonyl group and said active hydrogen-containing group or said acidic or basic group being respectively from 1 to 99% by weight and from 0.1 to 90% by weight or from 1 to 90% by weight on the weight of the polymer, which is useful as a resin component in a coating agent, an adhesive agent or the like.

Abstract: Copolymers containing from 5 to 50 mol % of monomers having o-nitrocarbinol ester groups, from 95 to 50 mol % of O-substituted p-hydroxystyrene and from 0 to 30 mol % of other copolymerizable monomers are useful for producing positive-working photoresists and light-sensitive coating materials.

Abstract: Copolymers useful in particular for producing two-layer resists and fabricating semiconductor devices contain from 5 to 50 mol % of monomers having o-nitrocarbinol ester groups, from 95 to 50 mol % of an olefinically unsaturated silicon-containing organic compound, from 0 to 20 mol % of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and from 0 to 25 mol % of other copolymerizable monomers.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a transparent optical medium consisting of a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits third order nonlinear optical response.Illustrative of an invention optical medium is a transparent film of a side chain liquid crystalline polymer corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## The transparent film has an isotropic molecular configuration with macroscopic centrosymmetry, and exhibits essentially no scattering of a transmitted incident light beam.

Abstract: A polyamide is produced by polymerizing at least one of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid and ammonia, an ammonium salt of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid, an alpha, beta-unsaturated nitrile and water, a beta-amino propionic acid or alkyl derivative thereof and an alpha, beta-unsaturated amide and ammonia in the presence of a catalyst comprising a pentaammine cobalt (III) complex.

Abstract: Improved acrylic acid absorbency resins are made utilizing a chain transfer agent during the polymerization process.

Abstract: Homopolyamino acids and copolyamino acids are prepared by polycondensation of one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds of monoammonium, diammonium, monoamide, diamide or monoamideammonium salts of malic acid and/or maleic acid and/or fumaric acid, one kind or two or more kinds of amino acid being added to said raw materials, respectively, with application of microwaves, the resulting polyamino acids (imide type) being converted to peptide type, homopolyamino acids and copolyamino acids, respectively upon partial hydrolysis. The operation involved in the reaction is simple and the method permits the use of low cost reaction materials. As a result, imide type and also peptide type, homopolyamino and copolyamino acids are produced with uniform quality at a high rate of yield within an extremely short period of time. Accordingly, the method is incomparably superior to those which have been announced in the past.