Abstract: There are provided an acrylate polymer elastomer containing a particular acrylic ester unit as a constitutive component, and a vulcanizable composition comprising the elastomer and a vulcanizing agent.The acrylate polymer elastomer is obtained by copolymerizing(a) 45 to 89.9 wt. % of a monomer represented a by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and/or a monomer represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,(b) 10 to 35 wt. % of a monomer represented by the formula t,0012wherein R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 to 5,(c) 0.1 to 10 wt. % of crosslinkable monomer, and(d) 0 to 30 wt. % of a monoethylenic unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the above(a) , (b) and (c) components.

Abstract: A plastic light conduit of cross-linked polymer material having good light transmitting characteristics, without voids or noticeable bubbles, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method of manufacture and an apparatus, involving progressive heating of reactive monomer mixture in a tube which is submerged in a progressive reactor utilizing cold oil to maintain a cold, non-reacting zone, and hot water to create a hot zone that causes reaction, while simultaneously carrying away the excess exothermic heat of reaction.

Abstract: There is provided inherently tacky, emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesive polymers comprising about 35 to about 65 percent by weight alkyl acrylates, about 15 to about 35 percent vinyl esters, about 20 to about 35 percent by weight diesters of a dicarboxylic acid, and up to about 5 percent by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid. There is preferably included in the monomers a reactive surfactant and a chelating monomer, with or without a chain transfer agent. The preferred polymers have a glass transition temperature less than about -30.degree. C. and a gel content of about 50 to 70 percent by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactive vinyl polymer having (meth)acryloyl groups on the side chains obtained by radical-copolymerizing a monofunctional (meth)acrylate with a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate under specific conditions in a solvent as well as a method for preparing the same. In order to prevent the occurrence of gelation during the copolymerization, a long chain alkyl group or the like is introduced into the monofunctional (meth)acrylate to control a crosslinking reaction while making use of the steric effect of the long chain alkyl group or the like. The vinyl polymer of the present invention is effective for use as a photo hardenable and thermo setting gluing agent or adhesive and a resin for gluing agents and adhesives, further it serves as a functional polymeric material and thus can be incorporated into other resins.

Abstract: Stainproofing paint composition employing concurrently(A) a polymer having an acetoacetyl group; and(B) an inorganic copper compound and/or copper.The paint has excellent coating properties on materials. If immersed in sea, the paint exhibits superior stainproofing properties for prolonged periods of time because the paint regulates the solubilization rate of copper ions.

Abstract: Crosslinked copolymer particles comprising hydrophilic crosslinked copolymer particles with a hydrophobic functional group being bonded thereto via an oxygen atom derived from a hydroxyl group of said hydrophilic crosslinked copolymer, which are obtained by reacting hydrophilic crosslinked copolymer particles with a reagent for introducing a hydrophobic functional group in an organic solvent capable of swelling said hydrophilic crosslinked copolymer particles, said hydrophilic crosslinked copolymer particles being prepared by suspension polymerization of glycerol monomethacrylate and a crosslinking polyvinyl compound in the presence of an organic solvent, such as a monohydric alcohol having from 5 to 14 carbon atoms. The polymer particles are useful as a carrier for gel-filtration of hydrophilic biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Abstract: There is provided inherently tacky, emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesive polymers comprising about 35 to about 65 percent by weight alkyl acrylates, about 15 to about 35 percent vinyl esters, about 20 to about 35 percent by weight diesters di-carboxylic acid, about 0.1 to 1 percent by weight of a reactive multifunctional monomer and up to about 10 percent by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acids. The polymers are formed in the presence of a reactive surfactant, with or without a chain transfer agent. The preferred polymers have a glass transition temperature less than about -20.degree. C. and a gel content of at least 60 percent by weight.

Abstract: A method for producing a vinyl resin comprising the steps of dissolving or dispersing a polymerizable vinyl monomer in a polymerization solvent containing a silicone oil, and polymerizing the polymerizable vinyl monomer in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: The reaction cycle time for the copolymerization of unsaturated esters such as alkyl fumarates and vinyl acetate, and for the polymerization of methacrylates and acrylates may be dramatically reduced by carrying out the polymerization at elevated temperatures and pressures. An additional feature is the addition of initiator during polymerization which leads to improved products especially for lubricating oil pour depressants and fuel and crude oil flow improvers.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid esters devoid of beta hydrogens are homopolymerized or copolymerized with contact lens organic materials to form desirable contact lens materials and contact lenses. These materials have good contact lens properties, including desirable DK values, hardness, machineability and a desirable refractive index of at least 1.

Abstract: There is provided inherently tacky, emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesive polymers comprising about 35 to about 65 percent by weight alkyl acrylates, about 15 to about 35 percent vinyl esters, about 20 to about 35 percent by weight diesters of a dicarboxylic acid, and up to about 5 percent by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid. There is preferably included in the monomers a reactive surfactant and a chelating monomer, with or without a chain transfer agent. The preferred polymers have a glass transition temperature less than about -30.degree. C. and a gel content of about 50 to 70 percent by weight.

Abstract: In the suspension polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid esters or of vinyl aromatics or of mixtures of such monomers, the formation of undesired, very fine "emulsion polymer", which reduces the yield, is reduced if the polymerization is carried out in the presence of polyvalent phosphonic acids or their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts or of alkali metal salts or ammonium salts of condensed inorganic phosphates, e.g. of Graham's salt.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical material having excellent transparency, impact resistance and heat resistance and having a low specific gravity and a high refractive index comprising a resin obtained by radical polymerization of specific difunctional (meth)acrylate (A) and aromatic vinyl monomer (B) and, if necessary, polymerizable monomer (C) copolymerizable with the ingredients (A), or (B) or by radical polymerization of the ingredients (A), (B) and (C) under the presence of a radical polymerizable or not-radical polymerizable compound having alkoxysilyl group, epoxy group, alcoholic hydroxy group or carboxyl group in the molecule, an optical molding product comprising the optical material, as well as production process therefor. The optical molding product is utilized as for ophthalmic lenses or lenses for various kinds of optical equipments, prisms, optical fibers, optical waveguides and optical discs.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid esters devoid of beta hydrogens are homopolymerized or copolymerized with contact lens organic materials to form desirable contact lens materials and contact lenses. These materials have good contact lens properties, including desirable DK values, hardness, machineability and a desirable refractive index of at least 1.

Abstract: A novel ester group-containing (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.3-20 alkylene group, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbon group or its derivative, and l is an integer of 1-20, and a (co)polymer composed of said ester group-containing (meth)acrylic acid ester and other monomer(s) copolymerizable therewith. This (co)polymer gives a crosslinked product superior in heat resistance, low-temperature resistance and oil resistance.

Abstract: Copolymers of dialkyl fumarate and vinyl acetate having Specific Viscosities of at least 2.5 at 2% polymer concentration in xylene at 40.degree. C., and wherein at least 50 wt. % of said alkyl groups are C.sub.20 to C.sub.24, are useful as dewaxing aids, particularly in propane dewaxing.

Abstract: A transparent optical article is constituted of an optical resin. The optical resin in obtained by polymerizing a feed monomer containing at least a diester of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of itaconic acid, citraconic acid and mesaconic acid. The ester group forming the diester is ##STR1## or R, wherein X represents a halogen atom, m represents zero or an integer of 1 to 5 and R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. At least one of the ester groups has an aromatic ring defined above.

Abstract: There is provided a curable pressure-sensitive-adhesive layer comprising an interpolymerized hard-monomer system including one alkyl methacrylate present in an amount up to about 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, and a soft-monomer system present in an amount of from about 50% to about 95% by weight, and comprising at least one alkyl monoester or diester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid containing 4 carbon atoms wherein each alkyl group independently contains from 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, the monoester or diester being present in a total amount of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, and at least one alkyl acrylate. Cure occurs by electron-beam radiation or by ultraviolet radiation, the former at a dosage of up to 200 kiloGray, after application to a substrate. A multifunctional monomer may be used to enhance radiant-energy cure.

Abstract: Process for the bulk polymerization of vinyl acetate with a diester are disclosed which are carried out in the absence of a solvent and including reacting the vinyl acetate and fumaric acid diester with a peroxide catalyst at specified molar ratios and up to reaction temperatures of from 255.degree. to 320.degree. F. to produce fumarate vinyl acetate copolymers having number average molecular weight below 50,000 for use as lubricating oil and fuel oil additives.

Abstract: Compositions suitable as binders for high solids, ambient cure coatings, and coating compositions which have high humidity resistance and good weatherability are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A novel heat-curable acrylic-terminated monomer is provided which exhibits an optically anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it to undergo melt processing in the formation of molded articles, etc. Subsequent to melt processing articles prepared from the monomer are capable of being cured to produce a thermoset self-reinforced composite which is soft and flexible relative to prior art monomers. The monomer may, for example, consist essentially of the reaction product of a methacrylic-substituted phenol and terephthalic acid.

Abstract: Organic glass having a high refractive index and excellent other physical properties and being suitable as materials for optical parts such as lenses and prisms. The organic glass comprises a copolymer obtained by adding a polymerization initiator to a mixture of three monomer components of diallyl isophthalate, a benzoate ester with an unsaturated alcohol, and a methacrylate ester and then polymerizing the mixture.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive adhesives are formed of a diester of fumaric acid, preferably dibutyl fumarate; an alkyl acrylate, preferably 2-ethylhexylacrylate; an alkyl methacrylate, preferably methylmethacrylate; and, desirably, a crosslinkable carboxylic acid. The adhesives are preferably formed in two-stage, free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: A polymer capable of forming an anisotropic melt characterized in that the polymer chain includes residues of cross-linking reactants at a concentration sufficient to give a polymer with a melt viscosity of not greater than 10.sup.7 Nsec/m.sup.2 measured by capillary rheometry at a shear rate of 10.sup.4 N/m.sup.2. The polymers exhibit favorable shear dependent viscosity characteristics in that the viscosity is high under low shear conditions and is low under high shear conditions, as judged by the viscosity characteristics of polymers of the same composition but not containing the residues of cross-linking reactants.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline polymer phase having an induced cholesteric structure comprises a component having a chiral structure and a component having a nematic structure and contains a polymer with nematogenic units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, n is an integer from 1 to 6 and R.sub.3 represents specific structural elements containing at least two phenylene groups. Preferred is a copolymer comprising a component of the above formula and an additional chiral component of similar structure, prepared by copolymerization of the nematogenic monomer with the chiral monomer.The liquid-crystalline polymer phase permits variation of the wavelength of the reflected light .lambda..sub.R, and its cholesteric structure can be converted to the glassy polymer state and remains preserved in the solid state. Such liquid-crystalline polymer phases can be used in integrated optics, opto-electronics and information storage, e.g. for the manufacture of polarization filters or selective reflectors.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers in which in a first step an olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is reacted with a polyhydric alcohol to yield a hemi-ester having free hydroxyl groups, which in a second step is reacted with a monoepoxy compound to yield an olefinically unsaturated diester containing hydroxyl groups, wherein the diester is copolymerized in at least one further step with at least one unsaturated monomer having no free carboxyl groups, and the hardenable reaction product thus obtained is either isolated or hardened with a hardening agent, and coating and adhesive compositions containing a copolymer thus obtained.

Abstract: Pigment preparations containing 2-70 % by weight, relative to the total preparation, of an inorganic or organic pigment dispersed in a solution of 10 to 49% by weight, relative to the total preparation, of a water-insoluble copolymer in an organic solvent, the copolymer containing 40-60% by weight of acrylic acid ethyl ester, 30-50% by weight of methacrylic acid methyl ester and 5-15 % by weight of acrylic acid hydroxyethyl and/or hydroxypropyl ester or methacrylic acid hydroxyethyl and/or hydroxypropyl ester and being prepared at 50.degree.-170.degree. C. in the presence of 0.5-5.0% by weight, relative to the sum of the monomers, of an organic per-compound or an azo compound which supplies free radicals at 50.degree.-170.degree. C., in an organic solvent, and their use for pigmenting dressing agents for leather and imitation leathers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymers by free-radical, bulk polymerization comprising charging a reaction vessel with from about 5 to 15 percent by weight of an alpha, beta-unsaturated monomer which does not, under the conditions of the reaction, undergo free-radical polymerization, e.g., an alkyl ester of fumaric or maleic acid; thereafter adding to the reaction vessel from about 95 to 85 percent by weight of an acrylic monomer which, under the conditions of the reaction, undergoes free-radical polymerization in bulk form, blended with a free-radical initiator and controlling said addition in order that the acrylic monomer is present in said reaction kettle in an amount of less than about 20 percent, and preferably less than about 5 percent, during the course of the reaction. The process proceeds without excessive exothermy, permitting the complete polymerization in a synthetic resin reactor.

Abstract: An internally plasticized vinyl chloride copolymer composition having good low temperature flexibility and tensile properties is disclosed. It consists essentially of from about 45% to about 80%, by weight, vinyl chloride, from about 15% to about 54%, by weight, of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkyl acrylate, and from about 1% to about 15%, by weight, of one or more C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 dialkyl maleate and/or fumarate. The copolymer is formed using conventional suspension, emulsion, bulk and solution polymerization procedures.

Abstract: A soft contact lens having a water content of 20 to 45% and a tensile strength of at least 500 g/mm.sup.2 can be produced by pouring into a mold a composition comprising 70 to 90% by weight of an alkylene glycol monomethacrylate, 0 to 2% by weight of a polyfunctional monomer as a crosslinking agent, 0 to 5% by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid containing at least one carboxyl group in its molecule, 2 to 25% by weight of a methacrylic acid ester and 0 to 10% by weight of a vinyl monomer such as vinyl acetate, effecting polymerization of the composition, processing the resulting polymer into a lens, and then hydrating and swelling the lens thus obtained.

Abstract: Thickener compositions comprising an emulsion copolymer of vinylacetate monomer and a monoester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer, such as the monoester of maleic acid, and a water-miscible organic liquid, are described herein.

Abstract: Polyester films which are self-adhesive under pressure are provided, said films having, on one face thereof, an adhesive layer which comprises a copolymer of vinyl acetate and a maleate ester of an aliphatic alcohol having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. These films have the advantage that they can be rolled up and then unrolled without the adhesive layer becoming detached.

Abstract: A vinyl acetate copolymerizate of monomers being a free-radical polymerized copolymerizate having monomer units consisting essentially ofA. from 60% to 80% by weight of vinyl acetate units,B. from 10% to 20% by weight of units of a maleic acid diester with a straight-chained alkanol-1 having from about 8 to 10 carbon atoms,C. from 5% to 20% by weight of units of a mono-olefinically unsaturated ester having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic group, andD. from 3% to 10%, particularly 7%, by weight of crotonic acid; as well as an alcoholic solution thereof and salts thereof.

Abstract: Uniformly-shaped, porous, round beads are prepared by the co-polymerization of an acrylic monomer and a cross-linking agent in the presence of 0.05 to 5% by weight of an aqueous soluble polymer such as polyethylene oxide. Cross-linking proceeds at high temperature above about 50.degree. C or at a lower temperature with irradiation. Beads of even shape and even size distribution of less than 2 micron diameter are formed. The beads will find use as adsorbents in chromatography and as markers for studies of cell surface receptors.

Abstract: Polyester moulding and coating compositions based on polyester resins of:A. from 20 to 90% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B), of .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated polyesters, andB. from 80 to 10% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of polymerizable compounds, these polyester compositions containing, in addition to possible further additives,C. from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of polymerization initiators,D. from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of polymerization inhibitors,E. from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the sum of components (A) and (B), of conventional accelerators,F. from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of additional accelerators, and optionally,G. from 0.01 to 1.

Abstract: A novel oil- and water-repellent composition which comprises a copolymer of at least 25 weight percent of a fluoroalkyl monomer and an alkylvinyl ether having the formula: CH.sub.2 =CH-OR wherein R represents a halogen substituted lower alkyl group.

Abstract: Cationic graft and cross-linked copolymers are provided which have excellent properties for use in cosmetic compositions, in particular wavesetting lotions. These copolymers are derived by copolymerizing:A. at least one cosmetic monomer;B. dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;C. polyethylene glycol; andD. poly unsaturated polyunsaturated cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A polymer composition is disclosed which can be sprayed or otherwise thinly coated on an open wound to serve as a protective bandage. The composition comprises:A. 10 to 30% by weight of isobutene relative to total monomer weight;B. 5 to 85% by weight of total monomer of one or more esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and one or more normal or branched, monovalent, primary or secondary aliphatic alcohols having 1-4 carbon atoms; andC. 5 to 85% by weight of total monomer of one or more maleic acid monoalkyl esters having 1-12 carbon atoms in the monoalkyl portion of the molecule.

Abstract: Copolymers obtained by copolymerization of vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids and/or acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of aliphatic alcohols, with half-esters of ethylenically unsaturated dibasic carboxylic acids, followed by neutralization with bases, are used in hair setting compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides new copolymers of (I) monounsaturated or diunsaturated addition polymerizable polyester monomers and (II) vinyl monomers. The resulting copolymer is considered to be a vinyl polymer (e.g., an acrylic polymer) containing a pendant polyester plasticizer as an integral part of the polymer. It is not essential that the copolymer be crosslinked or thermoset, and yet the plasticizer is a permanent part of the polymer--not subject to being leached out of the polymer, as is the case with an external plasticizer. While thermosetting or crosslinked compositions are known which bind external plasticizers to the substrate, the very object of attaining flexibility is to a large extent defeated by the binding agent itself when present in large amounts. Also provided are new monomers in the form of unsaturated polyesters having one or two double bonds per molecule.

Abstract: Hydrophilic, water insoluble, organic solvent soluble polymers of hydroxyalkyl methacrylate or acrylate of high purity are prepared in water using hydroxyalkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomer having not over 0.035 weight percent of alkylene glycol dimethacrylate or diacrylate. The polymers have high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution and are useful for medical applications, e.g., as a burn dressing.

Abstract: A hot-melt composition comprising[A] a cyclopentadiene-type resin having a bromine number of not more than 70 and a softening point of 50.degree. to 170.degree.C., said resin being the polymerization reaction product of 90 to 40% by weight of (I) a monomer containing a cyclopentadiene skeleton with 10 to 60% by weight of (II) at least one polar unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of (i) organic unsaturated cyano compounds containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (ii) alkenyl alkanoates derived from aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and vinyl alcohol or allyl alcohol, and (iii) unsaturated carboxylic acid esters derived from unsaturated carboxylic acids containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms and aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and[B] an ethylenic copolymer.

Abstract: Uniformly-shaped, porous, round beads are prepared by the co-polymerization of an acrylic monomer and a cross-linking agent in the presence of 0.05 to 5% by weight of an aqueous soluble polymer such as polyethylene oxide. Cross-linking proceeds at high temperature above about 50.degree.C or at a lower temperature with irradiation. Beads of even shape and even size distribution of less than 2 micron diameter are formed. The beads will find use as adsorbents in chromatography and as markers for studies of cell surface receptors.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a hot-curable resin mixture which contains a polyepoxide compound, a dicarboxylic acid and a polycarboxylic acid anhydride and which can be used as an impregnating and laminating resin and as an adhesive but above all as a casting resin.

Abstract: Random copolymers are derived from a variety of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and are characterised by containing a 1-olefine heat-reaction product which has been made by a free-radical polymerisation of a normally liquid 1-olefine having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms until the product has a non-volatile content of from 1% to 60%. The copolymers are useful in the field of surface coatings.

Abstract: Addition polymerizable polymeric compounds produced by esterification reaction or addition reaction of a copolymer having pendent carboxyl groups and about 0.03 to 1.0 equivalent, based upon the carboxyl groups of said copolymer, of an ethylenically unsaturated compound having one oxirane ring, said copolymer being obtained by copolymerizing (1) about 10 to 95 percent by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of styrene and the methyl-substituted styrene derivatives (2) about 5 to 70 percent by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid, its anhydride or its monoalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms ester, (3) up to about 30 percent weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, (4) up to about 85 percent by weight of at least one compound of the formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group; and R.sup.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions having desirable film-forming characteristics and water-barrier properties at substantially neutral pH's and yet solubilizable and thus disposable at substantially non-neutral pH's comprise a silane crosslinked interpolymer of an alkyl acrylate and a monomer interpolymerizable therewith such as, in the preferred alkaline labile embodiment, acrylic acid. The silane crosslinking monomer is preferably 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl methacrylate or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl acrylate. The resultant pH-sensitive polymeric composition may be used, for example, as a binder for other materials, such as webs of non-woven water-dispersible fibers, or may be used in film form either by itself or preferably laminated to other dispersible materials to produce a variety of products which are completely disposable at selected non-neutral pH's.

Abstract: the invention relates to photopolymerizable polymeric compositions useful as coating and moldable compositions which are hardenable by ultraviolet radiation. These coating and moldable compositions comprise mixtures of photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable acrylates of bis-(hydroxyalkyl) terephthalates and isophthalates in combination with at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer component and a photoinitiator.