Abstract: Initiating compounds having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 in an substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical and wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl are useful in initiating polymerization reaction of ethylenically unsaturated monomers susceptible to free radical polymerization.

Abstract: A film combination including two plies of thermoplastic polymer and therebetween a vinylidene chloride crystalline copolymer film which is substantially devoid of pinholes and scratches and has low oxygen permeability is prepared by coextruding the copolymer as a melt between melts of outer plies of thermoplastic polymer. The film combination may be biaxially oriented or substantially unoriented and may be irradiated with high energy electrons. The film combination can be used for many packaging applications.

Abstract: A constant composition copolymer is automatically made by means of a self-regulating batch process by maintaining the polymerization system at a constant volume throughout the reaction by adding polymerizable monomer in such a manner as to maintain both the unpolymerized monomer in the polymerization mixture at the original composition and the polymerization mixture at the original volume. The process is applicable to any polymerization reaction where a polymer is formed from two or more monomers and where a reduction in the volume of reaction mixture occurs during polymerization.

Abstract: A reinforcing composition for mineral structures which comprises as reactive ingredients one or more radical-polymerizable or copolymerizable monomer and a bisulfite ion-supplying substance. The use of the reinforcing composition facilitates reinforcement of natural or artificial mineral structures and products.

Abstract: Organic amines, amino acids, polyamides and vinylpolymers are fluorinated by the action of fluorine in liquid hydrogen fluoride optionally containing boron trifluoride or antimony pentafluoride at about -80.degree. to 15.degree. C. and optionally under irradiation with light.

Abstract: An alternating copolymer of an olefinic unsaturated compound and a conjugated vinyl compound is produced by contacting said monomers with at least one organoboron halide or/and a mixture of at least one organo-compound of metal from Groups IIb, IIIb and IVb of the Mendeleev Periodic Table and at least one halogeno-compound of metal from Groups IIIb and IVb of the Mendeleev Periodic Table. A typical catalyst is ethylboron dichloride or a combination of triethylaluminum and tin tetrachloride.

Abstract: Polyazo compounds containing at least one alkyl or aryl thia or oxa group alpha to at least one of the azo groups in the connecting chain between the azo groups, such as 4-t-butylazo-4-methyl-3-thiapentyl 4-t-butylazo-4-cyanovalerate, which are useful for the sequential generation of free radicals, especially in the preparation of block and graft copolymers.

Abstract: Liquid mixtures of symmetrical and asymmetrical azonitriles are provided which have a maximum freezing point of 25.degree. C. including mixtures of:A. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methylhexanonitrile;B. 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylheptanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methyl-heptanonitrile;C. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-ethylhexanonitrile;D. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylheptanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-ethylheptanonitrile;E. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyloctanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methyloctanonitrile;F. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpentanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylbutyl)azo]-2-ethylhexanonitrile;G.

Abstract: A vinyl chloride polymer for providing a vinyl chloride paste which has a good thermal stability, a stability to sol viscosity and an excellent air release capability in the natural state or in a short period of time under a moderately low pressure is produced by using, in the production thereof, as an emulsifying agent, the alkali metal salts and/or ammonium salts of a mixture of a major amount of olefin alkyl sulfonates and a minor amount of hydroxyalkyl sulfonates (hereinafter olefin alkyl/hydroxyalkyl sulfonates) having from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms, in the polymerization thereof or in the preparation of a vinyl chloride paste from the polymerized product.

Abstract: This invention relates to copolymers of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride containing at least 55 % by weight of acrylonitrile and at most 45 % by weight of vinylidene chloride of the kind used for the production of substantially non-flammable textile filaments, which copolymers are distinguished by their outstanding whiteness and high softening temperatures which enable homogeneous spinning solutions particularly suitable for spinning to be prepared. This invention also relates to a process for the production of these copolymers.

Abstract: The mono- or diester of phosphoric acid and a straight chain alkanol of 8 to 10 carbon atoms is used as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of olefinic compounds, especially vinyl compounds, to obtain polymers having improved stability to light and heat.

Abstract: The invention relates to photopolymerizable polymeric compositions useful as coating and moldable compositions which are hardenable by ultraviolet radiation. These coating and moldable compositions comprise mixtures of photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable unsaturated compounds and at least one photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of halo-alkyl benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 =C< grouping, and mixtures thereof whereby polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reactor is substantially eliminated. The process is carried out in a reaction vessel the inner surfaces of which are coated with a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, polyethyleneimine and wherein the polymerization medium in contact with said coated surfaces contains a water-soluble divalent tin salt as a water-phase polymerization inhibitor. The coating and inhibitor produce a synergistic effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to photopolymerizable polymeric compositions useful as coating and moldable compositions which are hardenable by ultraviolet radiation. These coating and moldable compositions comprise mixtures of of photopolymerizable or unsaturated compounds and at least one photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of halo-alkyl benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles.

Abstract: Alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene prepared by the manipulative steps of brominating poly(.alpha.-methyl-styrene) and subsequently depolymerizing the brominated polymer. The alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene has particular utility as a co-monomer for preparing copolymers exhibiting a flame retardancy.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of polymers and copolymers of yl choride, which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride or copolymerizing vinyl chloride and monomers copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a peroxide having the general formula ##SPC1##Wherein R represents an alkyl- or an alkoxy-group having from 1-6 carbon atoms as an initiator. The initiator is used in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, calculated on the monomer or monomer mixture. The foregoing peroxide may be used in combination with another structurally similar peroxide or with other peroxides also capable of polymerizing or copolymerizing vinyl chloride in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, calculated on the monomer or monomer mixture.

Abstract: Polymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride having superior properties can be produced by suspension-polymerizing vinyl chloride or a mixture thereof with another vinyl monomer, at first, in the presence of an oil-soluble radical initiator, and thereafter, when the percentage of polymerization of the resulting polymer has reached about 15% to about 80%, subjecting the polymer to a further polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble radical initiator.The product thus obtained has both the merits resulting from suspension polymerization and emulsion one. It has an extremely high absorptivity of plasticizer, easy processability, and film made therefrom has substantially no fish eye.