Interpolymerized Patents (Class 526/345)
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Patent number: 4835236Abstract: The present invention comprises a vinyl chloride copolymer consisting essentially of the copolymerization reaction product of a vinyl chloride monomer composition and at least one polyfunctional compound; said polyfunctional compound being an alkadiene of the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.x --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2in which x is a whole number from 1 to 25; said copolymer containing, in moles, from 99 to 99.99% of said monomer composition based on vinyl chloride and correspondingly from 0.01 to 1% of said polyfunctional compound and the process of making such copolymer.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1987Date of Patent: May 30, 1989Assignee: AtochemInventors: Jacques Grossoleil, Patrick Kappler, Nicolas Krantz
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Patent number: 4775742Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing vinyl halide homopolymers and copolymers that are suitable for use in clear solutions. The process comprises reacting vinyl halide and optional co-monomers in the presence of an aqueous medium containing a suspending agent, and treating the resulting resin particles with an acidic material. The resins resulting from the process of the invention have improved solution and film properties. When the resin is dissolved in a suitable solvent, the resulting solution has improved clarity, that is, a reduction of haze in the solution phase. When the solution is coated on a substrate and the solvent evaporated, either to provide a coated substrate or a cast film, the resulting films have improved clarity, that is, a reduction in haze in the film. The films and coatings have improved gloss as a result of reduction of seed particles in the film. Fibers produced from the resin solutions have improved integrity and strength.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1985Date of Patent: October 4, 1988Assignee: Occidental Chemical CorporatonInventor: Stephen T. Fitzpatrick
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Patent number: 4775702Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1988Date of Patent: October 4, 1988Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventor: Ross J. Cozens
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Patent number: 4775699Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1988Date of Patent: October 4, 1988Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventor: Ross J. Cozens
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Patent number: 4775698Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1988Date of Patent: October 4, 1988Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventor: Ross J. Cozens
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Patent number: 4775700Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1988Date of Patent: October 4, 1988Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventor: Ross J. Cozens
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Patent number: 4694053Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of a monomer-soluble polymerization initiator, according to which the amount of polymer scale deposition on the reactor walls can be greatly decreased. The improvement comprises admixing the aqueous polymerization medium with (a) a water-soluble crosslinked copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, e.g. acrylic acid, and a crosslinking monomer such as di(methyl)allyl ether of diethyleneglycol and (b) a non-ionic surface active agent in combination.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1985Date of Patent: September 15, 1987Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kenichi Itoh, Genji Noguki, Motoaki Tanaka, Hitoshi Ohba
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Patent number: 4694055Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium containing a nonionic surface active agent and in the presence of a monomer-soluble polymerization initiator, according to which the aqueous polymerization medium is admixed with a crosslinked copolymer having carboxyl groups such as a copolymer of acrylic acid and diethyleneglycol bisallyl or bismethallyl ether at a moment when the percentage of the monomer conversion is in the range from 1 to 20% so that a polyvinyl chloride resin product of high quality can be obtained having an outstandingly high bulk density and plasticizer absorptivity but still containing an extremely small number of fish eyes.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1985Date of Patent: September 15, 1987Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kenichi Itoh, Genji Noguki, Masanobu Nakahara
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Patent number: 4665145Abstract: A composite polymeric material having a high permeability to oxygen is proposed comprising a vinyl chloride moiety, an organosilicon moiety and, optionally, a third polymeric moiety. Such a composite polymeric material can be prepared in several ways including copolymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, a polymerizable organosilicon compound and, optionally, a third monomer, graft-polymerization of a polymerizable organosilicon compound on to a polyvinyl chloride resin, graft-polymerization of vinyl chloride on to an organopolysiloxane, graft-copolymerization of vinyl chloride and a polymerizable organosilicon compound on to a third polymer and blending of the respective polymeric components.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1984Date of Patent: May 12, 1987Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tohru Yokota, Kaname Inoue, Hajime Kitamura, Kenichi Isobe, Shoji Ichinohe, Takeji Yanagisawa
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Patent number: 4539380Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerization process for polymerizing olefinically unsaturated monomer or monomers, wherein inorganic salts are employed to substitute for the traditional emulsifiers employed in the polymerization recipe. The polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomer or monomers is conducted in the presence of a water soluble initiator. An electrolytic solution of inorganic salt and a buffer solution are introduced into the polymerization mixture at a particular time during reaction period to adequately adjust pH value of the reaction mixture. Further, it is essential to alter the speed of agitation during polymerization by a two-stage operation.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1983Date of Patent: September 3, 1985Assignee: Formosa Plastics CorporationInventors: Cheng-Yi Cheng, Shou-Yuan Lee, Kwang-Ming Chen, Won-Doon Hong
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Patent number: 4528337Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers by microsuspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or vinyl chloride and up to 30% by weight, based on the total monomer content, of .alpha.-olefinically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride comprising the steps of:(1) dispersing the monomer or the monomer mixture in water in the presence of from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer content, of microsuspension dispersion auxiliaries and from 0.001 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer content, of microsuspension monomer - soluble radical - initiators;(2) homogenizing said dispersion so that monomer droplets mostly having a mean diameter of from 0.1 to 3 .mu.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 1984Date of Patent: July 9, 1985Assignee: Wacker-Chemie GmbHInventors: Kurt Kreilein, Hans Geschonke, Wolfgang Rummel, Hardo Wiemer
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Patent number: 4483747Abstract: A method for removing vinyl chloride monomer rapidly from a large amount of slurry of vinyl chloride resin to give waste water separated from said slurry, exhaust gas used in the drying of separated resin and resin product which are not objectionable from the environmental sanitation or to produce such a treated slurry which can give waste water separated from said slurry, exhaust gas used in the drying of separated resin and resin product which are not objectionable from the environmental sanitation by the repetition of said method. In said method a slurry of vinyl chloride resin is caused to flow down a plate column in which flow of slurry on the trays in each step of plates is treated with steam in a combination of specified plates and specified conditions of treatment.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1981Date of Patent: November 20, 1984Assignee: Chisso CorporationInventors: Shiro Aruga, Kazuaki Nakano, Kyuichi Mito, Kei Mukai, Mikio Shinkai
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Patent number: 4464519Abstract: Vinyl chloride-propylene copolymer resin having improved porosity as shown by an increased irreversible plasticizer take-up is produced by the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and propylene in the presence of a binary suspension system of a hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose having 19-30% methoxyl and 4-12% hydroxypropoxyl substitution and a 30-50 mole % hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1982Date of Patent: August 7, 1984Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.Inventor: Phillip A. Mango
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Patent number: 4435532Abstract: Use of zinc salts of mercaptobenzimidazoles corresponding to the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and/or a zinc salt of a di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 -alkyldithiophosphate for the preparation of nitrile rubber/PVC mixtures.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 1982Date of Patent: March 6, 1984Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Joachim Thormer, Hans H. Bertram, Otto Benn, Helmut Hurnik
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Patent number: 4429097Abstract: There are disclosed polymerizable alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) esters of an acrylate oligomer and copolymers thereof, especially stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of methacrylic or acrylic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) ester of an acrylate oligomer, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and optionally, included in the total monomer mixture, a small amount of (4) about 0.5-1% by weight, of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1982Date of Patent: January 31, 1984Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventors: Ching-Jen Chang, Travis E. Stevens
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Patent number: 4424340Abstract: Vinyl chloride and any other comonomers present in a vinyl chloride polymer are removed by heating the polymer to a temperature between its glass transition temperature and 180.degree. C. by directly condensing steam on to the polymer, maintaining the polymer at this temperature sufficiently long to remove the greater part of the monomer or monomers present in the polymer and then cooling the polymer to below its glass transition temperature by evaporating the steam that has condensed on the polymer.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 1982Date of Patent: January 3, 1984Assignee: Solvay & CieInventors: Jean Golstein, Guillaume Coppens, Jean-Claude Davoine
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Patent number: 4385163Abstract: A process for producing a paste-blending vinyl chloride resin, which comprisesinitiating suspension polymerization of a vinyl chloride monomer or a mixture of it with a monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water-soluble protein as a suspending agent;adding a proteolytic enzyme to the polymerization system at any point in a time period running from the time when the polymerization conversion reaches 10% by weight to the time when the polymerization reaction is not yet complete; andthereafter continuing the suspension polymerization until the polymerization reaction is completed.Type: GrantFiled: September 23, 1981Date of Patent: May 24, 1983Assignee: Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd.Inventors: Mamoru Nakamura, Akikatsu Kanayama
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Patent number: 4316987Abstract: Partial (2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol monoisobutyrate) esters of polycarboxylic acids and water-soluble salts of these esters are useful in the manufacture of vinyl halide resins that have excellent optical properties.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1981Date of Patent: February 23, 1982Assignee: TennecoChemicals, Inc.Inventors: Mario Q. Ceprini, Marvin Koral
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Patent number: 4258165Abstract: A method for producing a vinyl chloride resin comprising 10 to 80% by weight of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble vinyl chloride resin gel fraction and the balance of tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction with an average polymerization degree of 1,000 or more, characterized in that vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of a major amount of vinyl chloride and a minor amount of at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith is polymerized at a temperature of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. in the presence of at least one polyfunctional monomer having two or more ethylenic double bonds in the molecule until the whole monomer or monomers in the polymerization system are substantially polymerized. The thus obtained vinyl chloride resin is excellent in processability and capable of forming a molded article having a small compression permanent set.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 1979Date of Patent: March 24, 1981Assignees: Sumitomo Bakelite Company, Limited, Sumitomo Bakelite Company, LImitedInventors: Tomoyuki Emura, Yasuhiro Moriuchi
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Patent number: 4255306Abstract: Discrete, crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgels, having a latex particle size of less than 1 micron and a gel content of about 1 to 99 percent, such microgels being obtained by emulsion polymerizing (a) about 50 to about 95 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride, (b) about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and (c) about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a copolymerizable crosslinking polyfunctional comonomer. Such microgels have been found to have wide applicability as additives for synthetic foams and fibers, and for the preparation of improved coatings, films, and redispersible latexes.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1978Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventor: Dale S. Gibbs
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Patent number: 4252705Abstract: The resistance of polyvinyl chloride resins to the development of yellow to orange reversible discoloration when heated in the presence of water at moderately elevated temperatures above 80.degree. C. up to about 160.degree. C. is improved by combining therewith an N,N'-diphenyl urea. Such reversible discoloration is not associated with any heat instability, and the resistance of the polyvinyl chloride resin to deterioration when heated at processing temperatures of 150.degree. C. and above is then improved by incorporation of the usual polyvinyl chloride resin heat stabilizers.Type: GrantFiled: December 26, 1978Date of Patent: February 24, 1981Assignee: Argus Chemical CorporationInventor: Lawrence R. Brecker
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Patent number: 4243562Abstract: Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension in the presence of a dispersing system comprising a cellulosic derivative and an anionic emulsifying agent wherein the polymerizaton is initiated by an oil-soluble initiator and a water-soluble free radical polymerization initiator is added in the course of polymerization. The thus obtained polyvinyl chloride powders are particularly suitable for the production of battery separators.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1978Date of Patent: January 6, 1981Assignee: Solvay & Cie.Inventor: Andre Petit
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Patent number: 4228268Abstract: A process for polymerizing vinyl chloride, which comprises mixing vinyl chloride monomer or a monomeric mixture composed mainly of vinyl chloride, with water, an emulsifier, a polymerization initiator soluble in the monomer and other polymerization aids to form a preliminary dispersion in which liquid droplets of the dispersed monomer have a weight average particle diameter of 5 to 40 microns and the proportion of liquid droplets having a particle diameter of at least 50 microns is not more than 10% by weight based on the entire liquid droplets, applying a homogenizing technique to the preliminary dispersion to form a homogenized emulsion, and feeding the emulsion into a polymerization step.Type: GrantFiled: May 14, 1979Date of Patent: October 14, 1980Assignee: Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd.Inventors: Takanori Musha, Yao Terutaka
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Patent number: 4189552Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers having a relatively low molecular weight or degree of polymerization are prepared by a method in which an organic compound containing a mercapto group and a hydroxy or carboxyl group in a molecule is used as the chain transfer agent. Due to their very high activity, these chain transfer agents are used in amounts that are smaller than conventionally required quantities. The quality of the polymer products is satisfactory with respect to heat stability, occurrence of fish-eyes, particle size distribution, plasticizer absorption and ease of removing residual monomer.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 1978Date of Patent: February 19, 1980Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Satoshi Kuwata, Kinya Ogawa, Kazuhiko Kurimoto
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Patent number: 4186259Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous alkaline medium, using an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, at temperatures preferably below about 48.degree. C., in the presence of an emulsifier system comprising the ammonium salt of a high fatty acid containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one long straight chain alcohol containing from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and a sulfate or sulfonate type soap of C.sub.12 to C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl hydrocarbons, wherein the ratio of alcohol to emulsifier is equal to or greater than 1.0 and wherein the reaction ingredients are thoroughly mixed, and preferably homogenized, prior to polymerization. The process produces paste resins having improved plastisol foam properties, especially when sodium metabisulfite is added to the polymer recipe or the polymer slurry prior to spray drying.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1978Date of Patent: January 29, 1980Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventors: Charles N. Bush, Bela K. Mikofalvy
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Patent number: 4169928Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers are prepared by polymerizing a monomer component that comprises vinyl chloride in an aqueous system in the presence of an emulsifying agent that comprises an alkamine salt of dihydroxystearic acid, for example, triethanolamine dihydroxystearate.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 1978Date of Patent: October 2, 1979Assignee: Tenneco Chemicals, Inc.Inventor: Henri Sidi
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Patent number: 4168256Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n independently at each occurrence and m are integers are excellent lubricants for PVC molding compositions.Type: GrantFiled: January 13, 1978Date of Patent: September 18, 1979Assignee: RCA CorporationInventor: Sarwan K. Khanna
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Patent number: 4155899Abstract: An improved polyvinyl halide or a polyvinyl halide copolymer containing up to 50 percent of a comonomer can be obtained by post polymerizing in a single stage or two-stage bulk process in contact with a base polymer, the same or different monomer as the monomer used to form the base polymer. Compositions produced by the process of the invention are useful in making films, coated fabrics and molded objects. The liquid phase post polymerization process of the invention is applicable to base polymers in powder form prepared by emulsion, suspension and bulk polymerization processes. The base polymer can be present in a polymerization mixture in which only a partial amount of monomer has been converted to base polymer such as in a two-stage polymerization process or the base polymer can be used in dry, solid form. Polymers of the invention have improved bulk density and reduced plasticizer uptake and can be used to prepare fabric coatings.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1976Date of Patent: May 22, 1979Assignee: Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp.Inventors: Anthony L. Lemper, Gilbert Witschard, Victor A. Pattison
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Patent number: 4145499Abstract: Disclosed is a process for polymerizing vinyl chloride, alone or in combination with a comonomer, in the vapor phase maintained at a pressure lower than the vapor pressure of the monomer at the polymerization temperature employed, and in the presence of the specified seed vinyl chloride polymer particles. The seed polymer particles used are prepared by polymerizing vinyl chloride, along or in combination with a comonomer, under bulk conditions, in the presence of 0.001% to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer, of a cellulose ether soluble in the monomer.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 1978Date of Patent: March 20, 1979Assignee: Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd.Inventors: Mineo Nagano, Shigeru Awazawa, Tatsuhiko Niwa
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Patent number: 4143224Abstract: Process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride polymers containing at least 50% by weight of polymerized vinyl chloride by polymerizing the monomer(s) in aqueous phase at 10 to 90.degree. C. in the presence of an oil-soluble catalyst and 0.03 to 0.4 weight % of a mixture of suspending agents containing(a) a partly acetylated polyvinyl alcohol having 5 to 25 weight % acetate units(b) at least one of the following compounds: methyl-cellulose; methyl-hydroxyethyl-cellulose; methyl-hydroxy-propyl-cellulose; hydroxyethyl-cellulose; hydroxypropyl-cellulose and(c) a partly acetylated polyvinyl alcohol having 31 to 35 weight % of acetate units.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 1978Date of Patent: March 6, 1979Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Heinz Klippert, Ingolf Mielke, Otto Plewan
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Patent number: 4142033Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a two layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the initial stage of the polymerization reaction wherein the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase and in the latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase. The coatings comprise an undercoating of an alkali soluble dye dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution or an ammonium hydroxide solution. The top coating is comprised of a water soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or alkylhydroxy alkyl cellulose ether. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1978Date of Patent: February 27, 1979Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventor: Donald E. Witenhafer
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Patent number: 4125574Abstract: A continuous process and an apparatus for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous emulsion wherein the liquid reaction mixture is fed into the lower part of a vertical, cylindrical vessel, the liquid level in the vessel is adjusted to at most 97% of the total interior height of the vessel, the reaction mixture is stirred with a stirrer which is totally immersed in the liquid and extends over 15 to 60% of the total interior height of the vessel and the produced polymer emulsion is laterally discharged from the upper part of the vessel.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1977Date of Patent: November 14, 1978Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Paul Kastner, Christoph Heinze
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Patent number: 4125695Abstract: A process for the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers, including vinyl aromatic monomers, wherein the temperature of the polymerization is progressively increased by at least 30.degree. C during the period of the polymerization a temperature range of from 50.degree. C to 160.degree. C and wherein the final temperature is at least 110.degree. C, the polymerization mass including an initiator sensitive to produce free radicals near or at the low temperature end of the range and an initiator sensitive to produce free radicals near or at the high temperature end of the range. A single entity initiator may contain peroxide functions that are actuated to produce free radicals at each of the temperature extremes of the process.Type: GrantFiled: January 6, 1977Date of Patent: November 14, 1978Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventor: Vasanth R. Kamath
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Patent number: 4123405Abstract: In the process for producing the aqueous emulsion of vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/ethylene terpolymer by polymerizing vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and ethylene in an aqueous dispersion system under ethylene pressure in the presence of an emulsifier and/or protective colloid using a radical initiator, the improvement which comprises adding vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate to said aqueous dispersion system at substantially fixed rates while maintaining a required amount of unreacted vinyl acetate in the system, and, after completion of addition of vinyl chloride, adding additional vinyl acetate of 3 to 20% by weight based on the total amount of vinyl acetate which has been added until that time and continuing the polymerization until the concentration of vinyl acetate in the system is decreased to 1% by weight or less, wherein the volume of the aqueous dispersion system is at least 50% by volume based on the volume of the reactor when addition of the additional vinyl acetate is completed.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1977Date of Patent: October 31, 1978Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Company, LimitedInventors: Takeo Oyamada, Kazuhisa Satoh, Choji Tomizawa, Takamasa Ishihara
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Patent number: 4113932Abstract: In a process for polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer by the polymerization of vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of vinyl chloride as a main component and a monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium, an improvement which comprises carrying out said polymerization in the presence of a polycyclic nitrogen-containing compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein m and n are each an integer of 1 to 3, the amount of said compound being 1 ppm to less than 100 ppm by weight based on said monomer or monomer mixture. By this process, it is possible to substantially prevent the formation of scale attached to the polymerization vessel and the like without damaging the physical properties of the produced vinyl chloride polymer.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 1978Date of Patent: September 12, 1978Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Company, LimitedInventors: Takeshi Sekihara, Tomoyuki Emura, Masayuki Murashige
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Patent number: 4111856Abstract: This specification discloses an insoluble resin-metal compound complex, the method for its preparation, and its use in carrying out a catalyzed reaction. The complex is a weak base anion exchange resin which has been contacted with a solution of a coordination compound having at least two ligands connected to at least one central metal atom to bond chemically the resin to the metal atom by replacement of at least one of the ligands of the coordination compound by a functional group of the weak base anion exchange resin. The complex can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, carbon monoxide insertion, polymerization, isomerization, vinyl ester exchange, and ethylene oxidation reactions, among others.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 1974Date of Patent: September 5, 1978Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Werner O. Haag, Darrell Duayne Whitehurst
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Patent number: 4107419Abstract: Organic peroxide polymerization co-initiator compositions and their use in the initiation of the polymerization of certain monomers and comonomers such as vinyl chloride, ethylene and methyl methacrylate. The co-initiator composition contains an alpha halo substituted diacyl peroxide and a coperoxide selected from t-alkyl peresters of t-hydroperoxides, peroxydicarbonates, acyl peroxycarbonic esters, and aliphatic diacyl peroxides. Typical is acetyl 2-chlorooctanoyl peroxide with t-butyl peroxy neodecanoate.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1977Date of Patent: August 15, 1978Assignee: Argus Chemical CorporationInventors: Ronald L. Friedman, deceased, Roger N. Lewis
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Patent number: 4092470Abstract: Stable, pumpable, highly concentrated aqueous suspensions of organic peroxides containing (a) nonionic emulsifiers having a maximum HLB value of 12.5 and (b) nonionic emulsifiers having a minimum HLB value of 12.5 or anionic emulsifiers.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 1977Date of Patent: May 30, 1978Assignee: Akzona IncorporatedInventors: Hendrik Harm Jannes Oosterwijk, Reinder Torenbeek
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Patent number: 4090014Abstract: .alpha.-Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in aqueous media in a vessel with electrically conductive inner surface, in which partial areas of the inner surface covered by liquid are electrically insulated from the remaining surface areas and conductively connected therewith by an external source of current. In this manner the formation of deposits on the wall of vessel is hindered or suppressed.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 1976Date of Patent: May 16, 1978Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Hermann Scheibler, Kasimir Ruchlak, Christoph Heinze, Horst Wolff
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Patent number: 4081588Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl chloride polymers suitable for the production of pastes, in which some of the monomer to be used in the polymerization is subjected to homogenization in the presence of a surfactant and a monomer soluble initiator, the remainder of the monomer being admixed with the homogenized dispersion and the combined fractions polymerized.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1976Date of Patent: March 28, 1978Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries LimitedInventors: Dennis Ernest Mackley Evans, Edwin Robson
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Patent number: 4078136Abstract: A process for the production of a copolymer from at least one monomer which is gaseous under the polymerization conditions and at least one monomer that is liquid under the polymerization conditions by copolymerizing the same discontinuously in an aqueous media employing a polymerization vessel under conditions whereby a gas space is required, said gas space being provided by a second vessel connected to the polymerization vessel through a closeable connection, whereby on completion of polymerization, the closeable connection is closed in order to retain the gaseous monomer under pressure.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1976Date of Patent: March 7, 1978Assignee: Wacker-Chemie GmbHInventors: Peter Pietschmann, Peter Ludwig
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Patent number: 4072806Abstract: The novel polymers are prepared from a charge containing the following ingredients:(a) vinyl chloride;(b) from 50 ppm to 1% by weight of the total charge of at least one branching agent selected from the group of vinylic and allylic esters and amides and having at least two polymerizable double bonds in the molecule, in which branching agent the vinylic and allylic groups are linked directly the ester oxygen or amide atom, nitrogen respectively, as the case may be;(c) from 500 ppm to 5% by weight of the total charge of at least one chain transfer agent selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted aliphatic aldehydes, C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 halogenated hydrocarbons containing 3 or 4 atoms of chlorine or bromine in the molecule, sulfides and mercaptans;(d) at least one radical producing initiator.This charge is subjected to polymerization and the resultant vinyl chloride polymer is recovered from the reaction.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1976Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: IMI (TAMI) Institut for Research and DevelopmentInventors: Mani Ravey, Leonard M. Shorr, Jacques A. Waterman, deceased
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Patent number: 4071579Abstract: Novel peresters having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1-6 C atoms and a method for making them are provided. The novel peresters may be used to advantage in the polymerization or copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 1976Date of Patent: January 31, 1978Assignee: Akzona IncorporatedInventor: Hendrik Harm Jannes Oosterwijk
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Producing heat stable vinyl chloride polymers at low temperatures in the presence of tetrahydrofuran
Patent number: 4070534Abstract: In the bulk or suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and copolymerization of vinyl chloride with vinylidene monomers containing a terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH< group, increased heat stability is obtained in the polymers by conducting the polymerization at low temperatures in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF).Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 1976Date of Patent: January 24, 1978Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventors: Richard Augustus Jones, Donald Edward Witenhafer -
Patent number: 4052546Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers of relatively low molecular weight are obtained when a monomer component comprising a vinyl halide is polymerized in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator and a molecular weight regulating agent that is a polybromobutene, such as 1,1,2,4-tetrabromobutene-2. The products have low melt viscosity and excellent fusion characteristics that make them valuable in molding, extrusion, and coating applications.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1976Date of Patent: October 4, 1977Assignee: Tenneco Chemicals, Inc.Inventor: Robert J. Stanaback
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Patent number: 4052548Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers of relatively low molecular weight result when a monomer component that comprises a vinyl halide is polymerized in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator and a molecular weight regulating agent that is an alkylene bis-(mercaptoalkanoate), such as ethylene bis-(mercaptoacetate).Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1976Date of Patent: October 4, 1977Assignee: Tenneco Chemicals, Inc.Inventor: Robert J. Stanaback
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Patent number: 4043940Abstract: Storage stable liquid compositions are prepared from solid acyl alkylsulfonyl peroxides and polar or polarizable solvents or solvent mixtures. The compositions are liquid at 0.degree. to -40.degree. C and are useful as free-radical initiators for polymerizaton of vinyl monomers.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 1975Date of Patent: August 23, 1977Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventor: Jose Sanchez
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Patent number: 4031297Abstract: A constant composition copolymer is automatically made by means of a self-regulating batch process by maintaining the polymerization system at a constant volume throughout the reaction by adding polymerizable monomer in such a manner as to maintain both the unpolymerized monomer in the polymerization mixture at the original composition and the polymerization mixture at the original volume. The process is applicable to any polymerization reaction where a polymer is formed from two or more monomers and where a reduction in the volume of reaction mixture occurs during polymerization.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 1973Date of Patent: June 21, 1977Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyInventor: Edwin Studley Smith
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Patent number: T988009Abstract: Vinyl chloride is polymerized by suspension or homogenized dispersion polymerization using a free radical-yielding initiator in which 0.02% by weight, based on the weight of vinyl chloride, of at least one .alpha.-olefin having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms is added to the vinyl chloride either (a) prior to the start of polymerization in the case of homogenized dispersion polymerization, or (b) prior to the start of or during the polymerization, but in any event before the onset of autoacceleration in the case of suspension polymerization. The disclosed process avoids or reduces the tendency of the vinyl chloride to undergo autoacceleration during the polymerization.Preferably the amount of .alpha.-olefin employed is 0.03% to 0.075% by weight, particularly 0.03% to 0.06% by weight. The .alpha.-olefin preferably contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms; suitable .alpha.-olefins include octene-1, nonene-1, decene-1, dodecene-1, tetradecene-1, hexadecene-1, octadecene-1, and eicosene-1.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1979Date of Patent: November 6, 1979Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries LimitedInventor: William E. Andrew
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Patent number: RE32813Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium containing a nonionic surface active agent and in the presence of a monomer-soluble polymerization initiator, according to which the aqueous polymerization medium is admixed with a crosslinked copolymer having carboxyl group such as a copolymer of acrylic acid and diethyleneglycol bisallyl or bismethallyl ether at a moment when the percentage of the monomer conversion is in the range from 1 to 20% so that a polyvinyl chloride resin product of high quality can be obtained having an outstandingly high bulk density and plasticizer absorptivity but still containing an extremely small number of fish eyes.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1987Date of Patent: December 27, 1988Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kenichi Itoh, Genji Noguki, Masanobu Nakahara