Abstract: Emulsion polymerization is carried out with reactive surfactants comprised of ring sulfonated maleate half esters of alkoxylated alkyl arylols.

Abstract: A process is provided for the polymerization of butadiene-1,3 to yield a high cis-1,4-polybutadiene in which the diluent for the polymerization is a mixture of cyclohexane and either or both of benzene and butene-1, wherein the amount of benzene is markedly reduced in comparison with that generally used. The polybutadiene may be used in the manufacture of tires and in impact polystyrene.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an improved process for the preparation of uniform, spherical beads of up to 5 mm diameter of a crosslinked, water-insoluble hydrogel by suspension polymerization in a concentrated aqueous salt solution of 95-30% by weight of a monoolefinic water-soluble monomer containing at least 5% of a hydroxy substituted hydrophilic vinyl monomer with 5-70% by weight of a terminal diolefinic macromer crosslinking agent in the presence of water-insoluble, gelatinous, strong water-bonding inorganic metal hydroxides as suspending agents in the absence of excess alkali. The hydrogels have a host of pharmaceutical and industrial uses.

Abstract: A local hemostatic comprising an active principle which is the incomplete ferric salt of polyacrylic acid of the formula: ##STR1## in combination with a pharmaceutical solvent which is water or physiological solution. The active principle content is 1 to 2 percent by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed are solid, readily water-soluble addition polymers of acid addition salts of methacrylic acid and a 2-mono(lower)alkylaminoethyl methacrylate, whose lower alkyl group has up to 6 carbons and is straight or branched chain or cyclic. These polymers are insoluble in pentane, hexane and butane below their boiling points, and their aqueous solutions show amphoteric activity. These polymers result from polymerizing the starting monomeric acid addition salt of methacrylic acid and a 2-mono(lower)alkylaminoethyl methacrylate in the ratio of from about one mol to about 1.5 mols of one of them per mol of the other. Also disclosed is the method of producing these addition polymers by heating the starting acid addition salt under pressure in a low boiling aliphatic solvent at a temperature above its boiling point, from which after lowering the temperature the resulting addition polymer readily is separated as a light weight finely divided product.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride copolymers having a reduced content of free vinyl chloride comprising polymerizing a monomer mixture containing from 15% to 90% by weight of vinyl chloride under aqueous emulsion polymerization conditions with conventional post-polymerization, releasing the pressure, flushing the gas space above the copolymer dispersion free of monomer, cooling the copolymer dispersion to a temperature of from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C., adding a redox catalyst to the cooled dispersion consisting of from 0.002% to 0.5% by weight of the dispersion of an oil-soluble peroxy compound, and a water-soluble sulfur-containing reducing agent in a ratio of reducing agent to peroxy compound of 0.5 to 3 equivalents, allowing the dispersion to stand at a temperature of from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C. for a period of two hours to two days and recovering a copolymer dispersion having a vinyl chloride content of less than 50 ppm.

Abstract: In the use of certain metal salts of the hemi-perester of maleic acid as catalysts for the polymerization and curing of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and of methyl methacrylate-containing syrups the addition of an activator such as sodium bisulfite provides a substantial reduction in the curing time. The process is relatively insensitive to the amount of filler used.The salts of maleic hemi-peresters, in combination with the activators, are also useful for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-isophthalic acid derivatives and 5-(nadic acid)-isophthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said isophthalic acid derivatives and diamines, diols or aminoalcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of various industrial products, such as thin films, thick films and compression mouldings. spThis is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 696,349, filed on June 15, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,368, issued on Sept. 19, 1978.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-trimellitic acid derivatives and 3,5-bis-(maleimidyl)-phthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said imidyl compounds and diamines, diols or amino-alcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of very diverse industrial products, such as thin and thick films and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a composite suitable as an oxidizing component in a redox aqueous emulsion polymerization initiator starting with the relatively harsh oxidation of p-diisopropylbenzene with oxygen and involving a manipulative separation procedure for obtaining the effective oxidizing component. The invention also relates to the oxidizing component, the redox polymerization initiator and to the aqueous emulsion polymerization of selected unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Amide and imide age resistors such as N-(3,5-di tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide and N-(3,5-di tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) itaconimide, age resistant polymers having amide and imide age resistors physically combined therewith and age resistant polymeric compositions prepared by free radical polymerization techniques involving the use of said amides and imides as monomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a composite suitable as an oxidizing component in a redox aqueous emulsion polymerization initiator starting with the relatively harsh oxidation of p-diisopropylbenzene with oxygen and involving a manipulative separation procedure for obtaining the effective oxidizing component. The invention also relates to the oxidizing component, the redox polymerization initiator and to the aqueous emulsion polymerization of selected unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Addition of a chelating agent and an chelatable inert cation species overcomes the inhibiting effects of impurity chelatable cation species present in an aqueous polymerization medium containing a redox system comprising an oxidizing agent and a chelatable metal reducing agent.

Abstract: Polymerization of a water-soluble monomer which forms a water-soluble polymer as an aqueous solution containing free radical and redox system initiators in an advancing polymerization zone followed by staged drying and pulverization provides the polymer in readily dissolved powder form.

Abstract: Novel polymers derived from either acryloylaminobenzoic acid or methacryloylaminobenzoic acid are provided. The method of producing these polymers involves a free radical polymerization of the monomer at relatively low temperatures in an aqueous solution which contains an alkali metal hydroxide and a free radical initiator.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of SBR rubber is disclosed wherein the emulsion polymerization of styrene and butadiene is conducted in the presence of a redox system comprising a standard activator system and bis(1-hydroperoxy cyclohexyl) peroxide as the initiator.

Abstract: A process of polymerizing a monomer mixture containing from 3 to 100% of amines containing two or more allyl groups which method comprises reacting a solution of the monomer mixture in a concentrated mineral acid in the presence of a polymerization initiator and isolating the polymer salt so formed.

Abstract: A gel polymer of vinyl compounds suitable for use as a coating is prepared by mixing the following four components [A], [B], [C] and [D],Component [A], an aqueous composition comprising an aqueous solvent and at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl compounds,Component [B], at least one compound having at least one functional group selected from the groups consisting of hydroxyl group, amino group, quaternary ammonium group, aldehyde group, mercapto group and a group capable of producing a hydroxyl group aldehyde group, mercapto group or amino group in an aqueous medium,Component [C], at least one compound capable of producing ferric ion or ceric ion in an aqueous medium and,Component [D], at least one sulfur compound capable of producing S.sub.x O.sub.y.sup.

Abstract: In the polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than vinyl chloride, deposition of polymer scale on the inner walls of a polymerization reactor and other surfaces coming into contact with the monomer is effectively prevented (regardless of the type of polymerization used, so long as it takes place in a heterogeneous phase) by coating the surfaces of the reactor with at least one compound selected from organic electron donor compounds and organic electron-acceptor compounds prior to polymerization; the compound or compounds having been or being brought into contact with an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, an acid or a base, or having been or being irradiated with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Structurally dyed random polymers and copolymers characterized in that their chain comprises a dye of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the residue --CH.dbd.CH--CN is fixed in position 4 or 5, X represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, the benzene ring A can be substituted by halogen atoms, alkyl, alkoxy or acylamino groups, m represents 0 or 1 and B represents the residue of a coupling component, either substituted or unsubstituted and which is free of sulfonic or carboxylic acid groups. Such dyed polymers and copolymers are intensely dyed and useful for making yarns, molded articles, varnishes, synthetic resins, synthetic fibers, and the like. The dye forms an integral part of the chain structure of the polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Micro-suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers and comonomers with a seed in the form of a previously prepared dispersion of the polymer or copolymer containing all of the organo-soluble initiator required for the polymerization, in which the initiator is activated during the polymerization by the addition of an organo-metallic complex of a water-soluble metal salt reacted with a complexing agent.

Abstract: Initial depletion of organosulfur molecular weight regulator during initial polymerization conversion in emulsion polymerization systems employing coagitated mixtures of emulsifiers and organosulfur molecular weight regulators is reduced by coagitating in the presence of an additive which is monomer-soluble diluent a portion of polymerizable monomer prior to use of the coagitated admixture in the emulsion polymerization systems.

Abstract: A method of polymerizing butadiene and/or butadiene in mixture with other diolefins to form polymers with a high cis-1,4 addition wherein the improvement relates to improved catalysts for producing the high cis-1,4-polybutadiene.

Abstract: Four component polymerization initiators for olefinic monomers comprise (1) an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, a persulphate, a permanganate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a bichromate, a bromate, a ceric salt, an oxazirane, an organic peroxide or an organic hydroperoxide, (2) a chelate compound of a metal such as titanium, iron, vanadium, aluminum, tin, manganese, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc or bismuth in which the metal is not fully coordinated, (3) an electron donor in amount at most equal to that required to complex completely the said metal of the chelate compound, the said electron donor being for example an amine, a monoalcohol, an ether, an aldehyde, a ketone, an imine, an oxime, an amide, a sulphonamide, or a phosphonamide, and (4) a chelate complex or salt which is different from the chelate compound (2) and in which the metal may be for example, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, vanadium or tin, the degree of coordination of the said metal being different from that of the met

Abstract: High molecular weight polybutadiene, polyisoprene and other hydrocarbon polymers having a high vinyl and a low 1,4-trans-double bond content, which are useful in the manufacture of tire treads and carcasses, are produced employing as catalyst system (a) a cobalt compound; (b) a halogen-containing organoaluminum compound; and (c) a tris-(aryl) phosphite of the formula P--(OR.sub.1), (--OR.sub.2),--OR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are monocyclic halogenated aryl, or diaryl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthryl or the corresponding halogenated and/or alkylated polycyclic aryl; and optionally (d) an H-acidic compound, e.g., water.