Abstract: The disclosure provides for dynamic thermosetting polymers comprising boroxine crosslinks that exhibit unusual mechanical behavior by being strong, highly malleable, recyclable and fully reprocessable. The disclosure further provides methods of making the thermosetting polymers and applications thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I) and to heat-curable compositions based on polymaleimide resin systems comprising such compounds as co-monomers: wherein R1 is hydrogen or an alkenylphenoxy group, R2 is an alkenylphenoxy group, and R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to cross-linked resins obtainable by curing such compositions. Compounds of the present invention can be used amongst others in fields like structural adhesives, matrix resins for fiber prepregs, molding compounds, as well as structural and/or electrical composites.

Abstract: The present invention (a) provides, at low cost, a water absorbing agent (i) that has a suppressed amount of generated dust and a suppressed amount of dust that increases over time and (ii) that also has a high absorption capacity without load, a high absorption capacity under load, a high vertical diffusion absorbency under load, and a high absorbency in a short period of time, and (b) also provides a method for evaluating, in a short period of time, an amount of dust that increases over time. A particulate water absorbing agent of the present invention includes: a surface crosslinked polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin as a main component; a hydrophilic polymer compound; and a stabilizing agent.

Abstract: An enhanced prepreg for printed circuit board (PCB) laminates includes a substrate and a resin applied to the substrate. The resin includes a curable polymer and a polymerization initiator polymer having a backbone with a free radical initiator forming segment that breaks apart upon being subjected to heat to generate a plurality of non-volatile initiating species. This resin composition eliminates possible volatile loss of the free radical initiator during all processing steps in the preparation of PCB laminates. The resin may additionally include a cross-linking agent, flame retardant and viscosity modifiers. In one embodiment, a sheet of woven glass fibers is impregnated with the resin and subsequently dried or cured. The glass cloth substrate may include a silane coupling agent to couple the resin to the substrate. In another embodiment, resin coated copper (RCC) is prepared by applying the resin to copper and subsequently curing the resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a polycondensation product by polycondensing monomers including (A) an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound containing a polyether chain, (B) optionally an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound which is different from monomer (A), and (C) an aldehyde, in the presence of a protonation catalyst, wherein the aldehyde is provided by a fast-releasing aldehyde source and a slow-releasing aldehyde source.

Abstract: Proposed is a polycondensation product comprising as monomer components at least one aryl polyoxyalkylene ether, at least one vicinally disubstituted aromatic compound, at least one aldehyde and also optionally further aromatic compounds; processes for preparing same, and also use thereof as dispersant for aqueous suspensions of inorganic binders and as grinding assistant for inorganic binders.

Abstract: An enhanced prepreg for printed circuit board (PCB) laminates includes a substrate and a resin applied to the substrate. The resin includes a curable polymer and a polymerization initiator polymer having a backbone with a free radical initiator forming segment that breaks apart upon being subjected to heat to generate a plurality of non-volatile initiating species. This resin composition eliminates possible volatile loss of the free radical initiator during all processing steps in the preparation of PCB laminates. The resin may additionally include a cross-linking agent, flame retardant and viscosity modifiers. In one embodiment, a sheet of woven glass fibers is impregnated with the resin and subsequently dried or cured. The glass cloth substrate may include a silane coupling agent to couple the resin to the substrate. In another embodiment, resin coated copper (RCC) is prepared by applying the resin to copper and subsequently curing the resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a polycondensation product by polycondensing monomers including (A) an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound containing a polyether chain, (B) optionally an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound which is different from monomer (A), and (C) an aldehyde, in the presence of a protonation catalyst, wherein the aldehyde is provided by a fast-releasing aldehyde source and a slow-releasing aldehyde source.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrolyte comprising an ester-cured alkaline phenolic resole resin containing conducting alkaline salts and methods for the use of the resin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyol (A) based on modified amino resins, prepared by reacting: an amino resin (B) comprising three acetalized or etherified N-methylol groups of the general formula (I) >N—CHR—OR1, wherein R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms and R1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; with a polyol (C) of the general formula (II) R2(—OH)n, wherein n is a number from 2 to 6 and R2 is a divalent to hexavalent organic radical; wherein an equivalent ratio of the acetalized or etherified N-methylol groups to the polyol (C) is 0.5:1 to 1.2:1; with elimination of at least 50 mol % of a monoalcohol (D) of the general formula R1—OH, wherein R1 is as defined above, from the amino resin (B).

Abstract: Disclosed is a polycondensation product that is a reaction product of A) an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound containing 5 to 10 C atoms or heteroatoms and is provided with an average of 1 to 300 oxyethylene groups and/or oxypropylene groups per molecule which are linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic compound via an O atom or N atoms, and B) an aromatic compound and C) an aldehyde selected among the group of formaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, and benzaldehyde or mixtures thereof. Surprisingly, the inventive polycondensation product causes very good liquefaction of hydraulic binding agents, eg. Cement, resulting in substantially improved liquefaction of the construction material at a lower dose while pourability can be maintained over a longer period of time as opposed to naphthalene sulfonates or melamine sulfonates.

Abstract: A flexibilized resorcinolic novolak resin is prepared by reacting a phenolic compound, such as resorcinol, with an unsaturated dihydroxy, an unsaturated aldehyde, an aliphatic dialdehyde, or a mixture thereof. An aldehyde (different from the unsaturated aldehyde and the aliphatic dialdehyde) is either simultaneously or subsequently added to the reaction mixture. The flexibilized resorcinolic novolak resin can be used in an adhesive composition for enhancing the adhesion between tire cords and rubber for tire applications.

Abstract: An inexpensive and durable polyelectrolyte composition includes both an aromatic polymer containing carbonyl linkages and/or sulfonyl linkages in the backbone chain and bearing cation-exchange groups and a fused salt exhibits a high ionic conductivity even in the absence of water or a solvent. The aromatic polymer is preferably an aromatic polyether sulfone comprising specific structural units and bearing cation-exchange groups, an aromatic polyether ketone comprising specific structural units and bearing cation-exchange groups, an aromatic polyether sulfone block copolymer consisting of at least one hydrophilic segment bearing cation-exchange groups and at least one hydrophobic segment free from cation-exchange groups, and/or an aromatic polyether ketone block copolymer consisting of at least one hydrophilic segment bearing cation-exchange groups and at least one hydrophobic segment free from cation-exchange groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polycondensation product comprising A) an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound containing 5 to 10 C atoms or heteroatoms, said compound being provided with an average of 1 to 300 oxyethylene groups and/or oxypropylene groups per molecule which are linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic compound via an O atom or N atom, and optionally B) an aromatic compound selected among the group comprising phenols, phenol ether, naphthols, naphthol ether, anilines, furfuryl alcohols, and/or an aminoplast former selected among the group comprising melamine (derivatives), urea (derivatives), and carboxylic acid amides, and C) an aldehyde selected among the group comprising formaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, and benzaldehyde or mixtures thereof, the benzaldehyde optionally containing acid groups in the form of COOMa, SO3Ma, and PO3Ma, wherein M=H, akali metal or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or organic amine radicals and a=½, 1, or 2.

Abstract: A flexibilized resorcinolic novolak resin is prepared by reacting a phenolic compound, such as resorcinol, with an unsaturated dihydroxy, an unsaturated aldehyde, an aliphatic dialdehyde, or a mixture thereof. An aldehyde (different from the unsaturated aldehyde and the aliphatic dialdehyde) is either simultaneously or subsequently added to the reaction mixture. The flexibilized resorcinolic novolak resin can be used in an adhesive composition for enhancing the adhesion between tire cords and rubber for tire applications.

Abstract: An aromatic ether oligomer or polyaromatic ether comprising the formula: wherein Ar is an independently selected divalent aromatic radical; formed by reacting a dihydroxyaromatic with a dihaloaromatic; and wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a copper compound and cesium carbonate. The polyaromatic ether is formed when neither the dihydroxyaromatic nor the dihaloaromatic is present in an excess amount. The aromatic ether oligomer is formed by using an excess of either dihydroxyaromatic or dihaloaromatic. A phthalonitrile monomer comprising the formula: formed by reacting a 3- or 4-nitrophthalonitrile with a hydroxy-terminated aromatic ether oligomer. A thermoset formed by curing the phthalonitrile monomer. Processes for forming all the above.

Abstract: The invention relates to bisphenol monomers containing one or more biaryl units and related polymers, derivatives and resins thereof and more particularly to Bisphenol monomers containing two biaryl units separated by a spacer group X, and to bisphenol monomers containing a biaryl unit and an aryl unit separated by a spacer group X, and to polymers, derivatives, resins and related products prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A curable resin composition comprises a poly(arylene ether), an acryloyl monomer, an allylic monomer, and an abrasive filler. The composition tolerates high filler contents, cures rapidly, and exhibits excellent toughness after curing. Useful articles prepared from the composition include grinding wheels and cut-off wheels having good wear characteristics.

Abstract: A process for forming a planarization film on a substrate that does not smoke or fume on heating includes applying a polymeric solution including a novolac resin having a weight average molecular weight between about 1000 and 3000 amu, which has been fractionated to remove molecules with molecular weight below about 350 amu, a surfactant selected from a group consisting of a non-fluorinated hydrocarbon, a fluorinated hydrocarbon and combinations thereof, and an optional organic solvent to a substrate, followed by heating the substrate.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of copolymers of formaldehyde and diphenyl oxide and a carboxylic acid uses and acid with a pKa in the range of 1.2 to 3 as the catalyst.

Abstract: Preparation process for a novolak aralkyl resin having excellent heat resistance and curing property by reacting 0.4 to 0.8 mol of an aralkyl compound based on one mol of the low molecular weight novolak containing 90% by weight or more of bi-nuclear novolak in the presence of an acidic catalyst, the process comprising at first melting the low molecular weight novolak, heating it up to a reaction temperature, then adding 0.001 to 0.05% by weight of the acidic catalyst to the total amount of the low molecular weight novolak and the aralkyl compound, then continuously adding the aralkyl compound for reaction, neutralizing the residual acidic catalyst after the completion of the reaction, a novolak aralkyl resin obtained by the preparation process and a novolak aralkyl resin composition containing said resin.

Abstract: An improved resin for use in making honeycomb sandwich panels. The improvement involves modifying a phenolic resin so that the amount of smoke and heat generated during combustion is reduced. The reduction in smoke and heat generation is achieved by reducing the amount of phenol used to form the phenolic resin. The phenol is replaced by low-smoke producing sulfone compounds such as 4,4′-bisphenol-S, 3,3′-bisphenol-S, biphenol and bisphenol ethers which reduce the number of smoke producing methylene or methylene ether linkages present in the cured phenolic resin. The low-smoke producing resin may be used as a dip resin for coating the honeycomb or as the matrix resin for the core and face sheets of the sandwich panel.

Abstract: A curable resin composition comprises a poly(arylene ether), an acryloyl monomer, an allylic monomer, and an abrasive filler. The composition tolerates high filler contents, cures rapidly, and exhibits excellent toughness after curing. Useful articles prepared from the composition include grinding wheels and cut-off wheels having good wear characteristics.

Abstract: A conjugated diene polymer is produced by continuously polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer with a catalyst consisting essentially of specified components (a) to (c) and reacting with at least one of specified components (d) and (e) and has a content of cis-1,4-bond of not less than 85%, a content of 1,2-vinyl bond of not more than 2.0% and a ratio of weight average molecular weight (Mw) to number average molecular weight (Mn) of not more than 5, and contains at least one functional group selected from epoxy group and hydroxyl group in its molecule. And also, a rubber composition comprises 10-200 parts by weight of silica based on 100 parts by weight of rubber ingredient consisting of 10-100% by weight of the above conjugated diene polymer and 90-0% by weight of the other diene polymer or natural rubber.

Abstract: An improved resin for use in making honeycomb sandwich panels. The improvement involves modifying a phenolic resin so that the amount of smoke and heat generated during combustion is reduced. The reduction in smoke and heat generation is achieved by reducing the amount of phenol used to form the phenolic resin. The phenol is replaced by low-smoke producing sulfone compounds such as 4,4′-bisphenol-S, 3,3′-bisphenol-S, biphenol and bisphenol ethers which reduce the number of smoke producing methylene or methylene ether linkages present in the cured phenolic resin. The low-smoke producing resin may be used as a dip resin for coating the honeycomb or as the matrix resin for the core and face sheets of the sandwich panel.

Abstract: Provided is a polymeric fluorescent substance which emits a fluorescence in a solid state, which comprises the following repeating unit in an amount of 20 mol % or more based on the total amount of all repeating units, in the formula, X1 represents a group selected from the group consisting of —CR3═CR4—, —C≡C—, —SiR5R6—, —NR7—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —SO2—, a carbon-carbon single bond, —O— and —S—. The polymeric fluorescent substance has strong fluorescence, and can be suitably used as a polymer LED and a dye for laser.

Abstract: A process for forming a planarization film on a substrate that does not smoke or fume on heating includes applying a polymeric solution including a novolac resin having a weight average molecular weight between about 1000 and 3000 amu, which has been fractionated to remove molecules with molecular weight below about 350 amu, a surfactant selected from a group consisting of a non-fluorinated hydrocarbon, a fluorinated hydrocarbon and combinations thereof, and an optional organic solvent to a substrate, followed by heating the substrate.

Abstract: Preparation process for a novolak aralkyl resin having excellent heat resistance and curing property by reacting 0.4 to 0.8 mol of an aralkyl compound based on one mol of the low molecular weight novolak containing 90% by weight or more of bi-nuclear novolak in the presence of an acidic catalyst, the process comprising at first melting the low molecular weight novolak, heating it up to a reaction temperature, then adding 0.001 to 0.05% by weight of the acidic catalyst to the total amount of the low molecular weight novolak and the aralkyl compound, then continuously adding the aralkyl compound for reaction, neutralizing the residual acidic catalyst after the completion of the reaction, a novolak aralkyl resin obtained by the preparation process and a novolak aralkyl resin composition containing said resin.

Abstract: An amine catalyst for production of a polyurethane and a polyisocyanurate is provided which comprises a quaternary ammonium compound represented by General Formula (1): where R1 to R6 are independently a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R7 and R8 are independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms; n is a number of 0 to 3, provided that at n=o any one of R1, R2 and R3, and R5 and/or R6 may be linked together to form a heterocycle, or at n=1, 2, or 3, R5 or R6 and R4 may be linked together to form a heterocycle; A is a carbonate group or an organic acid group; and X is number of 1 to 2. The catalyst has high activity in formation of polyurethane foams and polyisocyanurate foams, having less odor, and producing foams of high fire retardance, having high curability, high retarding effect, and low corrosiveness.

Abstract: A process for forming a planarization film on a substrate that does not smoke or fume on heating includes applying a polymeric solution including a novolac resin having a weight average molecular weight between about 1000 and 3000 amu, which has been fractionated to remove molecules with molecular weight below about 350 amu, a surfactant selected from a group consisting of a non-fluorinated hydrocarbon, a fluorinated hydrocarbon and combinations thereof, and an optional organic solvent to a substrate, followed by heating the substrate.

Abstract: In a novel method of homo- or copolymerization of vinyl chloride, a specified coating agent is applied on the surfaces of the portions which will become into contact with the vinyl chloride monomer during the polymerization process. The coating agent is in a form of an aqueous solution of a modified condensation product of phenol and aldehyde, the pH of the solution being adjusted in a range that the product is dissolved at an ambient temperature upon coating of the solution and separates out of the solution upon being heated on the surfaces. The wall surface of the polymerization tank and the like is then coated with a thin film of the coating agent having a uniform thickness and being strongly adhered to the wall surface, thereby providing an excellent effect of preventing adhesion of the product polymer to the wall surface.

Abstract: A water-absorbing resin having superior water absorption properties, and a method for manufacturing the water-absorbing resin having superior water absorption properties in a short time, in which used waste materials are used for effective utilization of resources. To this end, a high-molecular material containing acrylonitrile, styrene and conjugated dienes as constituent units are processed with acid and/or alkali.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin containing in the backbone chain a structural unit represented by the following Formula (I) or (II), as a novel phenolic resin having a high Tg, a low moisture absorption, a low molding shrinkage, high adhesive properties and high flow properties. The present invention also provides a resin composition and a molding material each containing the above resin, and an electronic component device having a device element encapsulated with it.

Abstract: A novel polyaddition copolymer having repetition units represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## where R: a lower alkyl group, Ar: a bisphenol compound residue, and X: a CH.sub.2 O group or a COO group, is obtained by copolymerization reaction of a bisoxetane compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR2## and a bisphenol compound.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising a polyfunctional oxetane compound and a polyphenol compound or phenol resin, where a quaternary onium salt or Crown ether compound is preferably further contained as a curing catalyst, provides a novel use for reactions of the oxetane compound as a 4-membered cyclic ether compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to benzylic ether phenolic resole resins prepared in a sealed reaction vessel and their uses. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins are prepared by heating phenol and an aldehyde in a sealed reaction vessel in the presence of a divalent metal catalyst without removing water generated by the reaction until an appropriate endpoint for the resin is reached. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins produced by the process are preferably free or essentially free of unreacted formaldehyde and can be used in the resin component of phenolic-urethane foundry binders to make foundry cores and/or molds by the cold-box and no-bake processes. The cores and/or molds are used for making metal castings.

Abstract: A composition useful as a powder coating comprises an epoxy resin and a novolak compound or resin having a structure obtained from the reaction of a substituted phenol such as cresol and an aldehyde to form a substituted bis(hydroxymethyl) phenol intermediate which is then reacted with a polyhydroxyphenol containing adjacent hydroxyl groups such as catechol to yield a polyhydroxyphenol-endcapped novolak compound or resin.

Abstract: A soluble rigid-rod macromonomer is provided which has the following formula: ##STR1## wherein each A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3, and A.sub.4, on each monomer unit, independently, is C or N, and each G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3, and G.sub.4, on each monomer unit, independently, is H or a solubilizing side group, provided that at least one monomer unit has at least one solubilizing side group. The solubilizing side groups provide the macromonomers with a solubility of at least 0.5% by weight in the solvent system from which they are formed. E is a reactive end group, and the macromonomer has an average degree of polymerization, DP.sub.n, greater than 6. Such macromonomers are chemically incorporated into polymer systems to provide stronger stiffened polymers.

Abstract: A soluble rigid-rod macromonomer is provided which has the following formula: ##STR1## wherein each G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3, and G.sub.4, on each monomer unit, independently, is H or a solubilizing side group, provided that at least one monomer unit has at least one solubilizing side group. The solubilizing side groups provide the macromonomers with a solubility of at least 0.5% by weight in the solvent system from which they are formed. E is a reactive end group, and the macromonomer has an average degree of polymerization, DP.sub.n, greater than 6. Such macromonomers are chemically incorporated into polymer systems to provide stronger stiffened polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to benzylic ether phenolic resole resins prepared in a sealed reaction vessel. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins are prepared by heating phenol and an aldehyde in a sealed reaction vessel in the presence of a divalent metal catalyst without removing water generated by the reaction until an appropriate endpoint for the resin is reached. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins produced by the process are preferably free or essentially free of unreacted formaldehyde and can be used in the resin component of phenolic-urethane foundry binders to make foundry cores and/or molds by the cold-box and no-bake processes. The cores and/or molds are used for making metal castings.

Abstract: A modified phenolic resin which is toughened by phenoxy resin is disclosed. The modified phenolic resin is prepared by the following steps: mixing a phenoxy resin having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000-1,000,000 and phenol in a weight ratio of phenoxy resin:phenol=1.5:1-1:1 at an elevated temperature to form a glutinous mixture; mixing the glutinous mixture and an acid catalyst to obtain a viscous mixture having a relatively low viscosity compared to the glutinous mixture; mixing the viscose mixture and a resole type phenolic resin to form a modified phenolic resin, wherein the resole type phenolic resin has a solid content of 60--75 wt. % and a free aldehyde content of 5-10 wt. %, the amount of the acid catalyst mixed is 2-10 wt. %, and the amount of the phenoxy resin mixed is 3-25 wt. % based on the resole type phenolic resin.

Abstract: A latent catalyzed phenolic resin composition is provided containing a thermosetting phenolic resole resin and a latent catalyst consisting essentially of a primary or secondary amine salt of a strong acid.

Abstract: A phenolic resin can be obtained by a condensation reaction between a specific trifunctional aromatic compound and a phenolic compound. This resin can be reacted with a curing agent such as a hexamine to give cured articles having excellent heat resistance, electrical properties, wear resistance and chemical resistance, and the phenolic resin is also much more excellent in curing reactivity as compared with conventional techniques.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymeric composition comprising reacting a mixture of at least one phenolic compound and at least one oxazoline compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one ammonium salt and a tetracarbyl phosphonium salt, and optionally also in the presence of an alkyl halide is described.

Abstract: A latent catalyzed phenolic resin composition is provided containing a thermosetting phenolic resole resin and a latent catalyst consisting essentially of a primary or secondary amine salt of a strong acid.

Abstract: Polymers comprising perfluoroalkyl groups, reproduction layers containing these polymers and use thereof for waterless offset printing. The novel perfluoroalkyl group-containing polymers comprise polymers or polycondensates and have, in each case as substituents on different carbon atoms of benzene rings, phenolic OH groups and perfluoroalkyl groups which are optionally attached through intermediate members. In particular, at least 10% of the polymer units carry perfluoroalkyl groups. These polymers are either formed by condensation of substituted phenols (e.g., 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-perfluoroalkyl ester) with an aldehyde, a ketone, or a reactive bismethylene compound or by reacting polymers containing phenolic OH groups (e.g., hydroxypolystyrene) or polycondensates containing reactive OH groups (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde resins) with a perfluoroalkyl group-containing compound (e.g., 2,2-dihydroperfluorodecanoic acid chloride).

Abstract: A predetermined pattern of a dielectric polymer is formed on a substrate from a mixture of prepolymers which are ethers of the reaction products of (a) a dicyclopentadiene and a phenol and (b) a dialdehyde and 3 to 4 moles of a phenol.

Abstract: This invention provides thermoplastic polymeric materials comprising polycarbonate and polyestercarbonte resins and oriented polymeric compositions thereof which exhibit nonlinear optical properties.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic polyether by condensation of dihydric phenols with activated aromatic dihalo compounds or by self-condensation of polynuclear activated halophenols employs a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate as a condensation auxiliary.By this means, the relatively low reactivity of the sodium carbonate is enhanced and the reaction rate is significantly increased.

Abstract: This invention provides thermoplastic polymeric materials comprising polycarbonate and polyestercarbonate resins and oriented polymeric compositions thereof which exhibit nonlinear optical properties.