Abstract: A low dielectric constant, a low dielectric loss tangent, and heat resistance are achieved. An active ester resin that has a resin structure produced by reacting a polyfunctional phenolic compound (a1) with a monofunctional aromatic carboxylic acid or its chloride (a2) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its chloride (a3). The polyfunctional phenolic compound (a1) is represented by structural formula (1) below: (where Ar represents a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a benzene ring nuclear-substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a naphthalene ring nuclear-substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X represents a methylene group, a divalent cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a phenylene dimethylene group, or a biphenylene-dimethylene group, and n represents the number of repeating units and the average thereof is in a range of 0.5 to 10).

Abstract: Composite Maillard-resole binders to produce or promote cohesion in non-assembled or loosely assembled matter.

Abstract: A liquid phenolic resin intended to participate in the makeup of a sizing composition for mineral fibers is essentially composed of phenol-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde-glycine condensates. A process for the manufacture of the resin, the sizing composition including the resin and the insulating products based on mineral fibers sized by means of the abovementioned sizing composition are presented.

Abstract: Rosin modified phenolic resins are prepared by reacting together resin acid, fatty acid, tri- or higher-functional phenolic compound and aldehyde. The fatty acid may be Monomer (derived from the fatty acid dimerization process). The reaction mixture may optionally include a,l3-olefinically unsaturated carbonyl compounds and/or polyol. The resin may be dissolved in a solvent to form a varnish. The resin may be used as a component of printing inks, e.g., inks for lithographic or gravure printing.

Abstract: Rosin modified phenolic resins are prepared by reacting together rosin, fatty acid, phenol and aldehyde. The fatty acid may be Monomer (derived from the fatty acid dimerization process). The reaction mixture may optionally include ?,?-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid(s) or anhydride(s), and polyol(s). The resin may be dissolved in a solvent to form a varnish. The resin may be used as a component of inks for lithographic or gravure printing.

Abstract: An imide-naphthoxazine copolymer comprising a repeating unit represented by General Formula (1) below: (wherein X and Y independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, or an organic group which may be substituted by a heteroatom; R represents CH3 or H, n represents an integer from 1 to 10; and m represents an integer from 1 to 20).

Abstract: A curable resin composition comprises a poly(arylene ether), an acryloyl monomer, an allylic monomer, and an abrasive filler. The composition tolerates high filler contents, cures rapidly, and exhibits excellent toughness after curing. Useful articles prepared from the composition include grinding wheels and cut-off wheels having good wear characteristics.

Abstract: A polyester resin composition comprising 50 equivalents/ton or more of an aromatic ring in the resin and at least one thermosetting resin selected from the group consisting of melamine resin, urea resin, benzoguanamine resin and phenol resin. The aromatic ring in the polyester resin has a phenolic hydroxyl group and at least one of ortho-position and para-position of the aromatic ring to the phenolic hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom. The resin composition has excellent toughness at ambient temperature and heat resistance.

Abstract: A curable resin composition comprises a poly(arylene ether), an acryloyl monomer, an allylic monomer, and an abrasive filler. The composition tolerates high filler contents, cures rapidly, and exhibits excellent toughness after curing. Useful articles prepared from the composition include grinding wheels and cut-off wheels having good wear characteristics.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition is disclosed as containing, as essential components, an epoxy resin, an aryl ester compound obtained from a polyhydric phenol representedd by a formula (4) with a carbonyl compound represented by a general formula (2) and a cure accelerator. When cured, the resulting product has low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. A copper-clad laminate formed using the described composition has a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. The copper-clad laminate exhibits excellent adhesiveness characteristics and is suitable for use in multilayer printed wiring boards in high speed operations, particularly in the high frequency region.

Abstract: A water-reducible binder for coatings comprises the reaction products of a) a phenolic resin comprising the reaction product of bisphenol A, t-butyl phenol and formaldehyde; b) an alkylene carbonate alkoxylating agent; c) a diol selected form the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 3,5,5-trimethylpentane diol and neopentyl glycol; and d) trimellitic anhydride. Methods for preparing such a water-reducible binder and coating systems comprising such a binder are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resol phenolic thermosetting resin made by preparing a composition of formaldehyde and a phenol in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 3:1, about 1 to about 20 wt %, based on the weight of said composition, of a phenol-formaldehyde polymerization catalyst, and about 0.5 to about 10 wt %, based on the weight of said phenol, of a polyvinyl alcoholic compound. The phenol can be benzophenol, an alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 phenol, a bisphenol, or a mixture thereof. The bisphenol can be bisphenol A, bisphenol F, or bisphenol S. The polyvinyl alcoholic compound can be polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, an acetal derived from polyvinyl alcohol, or a mixture thereof. The composition is heated at about 50 to about 120.degree. C. to form the resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass fiber binding composition having an effective binding amount of an aqueous compatible furan resin mixed with sufficient water to result in a binding composition having from 0.5 to 80% nonvolatile. The aqueous compatible furan resin is the reaction product of a source of ammonia and a first reaction product, the first reaction product being derived from the reaction of an acidic furan resin, a source of reactable formaldehyde, and a formaldehyde scavenger. The invention further pertains to a process of binding glass fibers at junctions of the fibers comprising the steps of providing glass fibers, applying an effect binding amount of the binding composition of the invention to the glass fibers such that the binder is present at a portion of the junctions, and curing the resin at the junctions of the glass fibers.

Abstract: When a cement dispersant comprising a polymer which is obtained by co-condensating monomers comprising monomer (A) and monomer (B) with formaldehyde, or a salt obtained by neutralizing the polymer, wherein the monomer (A) is an aromatic compound having, on the average, 1 to 300 mol per molecule of at least one member selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene group and oxypropylene group, and the monomer (B) is an aromatic compound having a carboxyl group; or another cement dispersant comprising a polymer which is obtained by co-condensating monomers comprising the above-described monomer (A), the above-described monomer (B) and monomer (C) which is an aromatic compound having a sulfonic acid group with formaldehyde, or a salt obtained by neutralizing the polymer is used as one component of a hydraulic composition, the fluidity of the hydraulic composition is maintained for a long time. Therefore, no trouble on transportation is caused during the force feeding of the hydraulic composition with a pump.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass fiber binding composition having an effective binding amount of an aqueous compatible furan resin mixed with sufficient water to result in a binding composition having from 0.5 to 80% nonvolatile. The aqueous compatible furan resin is the reaction product of a source of ammonia and a first reaction product, the first reaction product being derived from the reaction of an acidic furan resin, a source of reactable formaldehyde, and a formaldehyde scavenger. The invention further pertains to a process of binding glass fibers at junctions of the fibers comprising the steps of providing glass fibers, applying an effect binding amount of the binding composition of the invention to the glass fibers such that the binder is present at a portion of the junctions, and curing the resin at the junctions of the glass fibers.

Abstract: A process for forming a phenol formaldehyde resin including the steps of: (i) forming a first additive including a glycol and an aromatic dicaborxylic acid; (ii) adding said first additive as well as an alpha hydroxy acid to a first resin component comprising resin precursors including phenol, formaldehyde, an acid catalyst or a base catalyst after said precursors have reacted for 40-55 minutes and/or when water has separated from said precursors; (iii) isolating or storing said first resin component which is maintained in a non cured state by the addition of said first additive; (iv) forming a second additive including zinc chloride, an alpha hydroxy acid, para toluene sulphonic acid, sulphuric or hydrochloric acid and a non aqueous solvent; (v) adding said second additive to a second resin component which includes resin precursors phenol, formaldehyde, methanol and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid after said precursors have reacted for 20-30 minutes; (vi) combining said first resin component and said second r

Abstract: A polyester for electrophotography derived from(a) at least one component selected from tri- or tetra-basic acid components and tri- or tetra-hydric alcohols;(b) at least one component selected from dibasic carboxylic acids and lower alkyl esters thereof; and(c) at least one component selected from aromatic diols and alicyclic diolswherein the proportion of x (mole %) of component (a) to the whole acid components and the proportion y (mole %) of component (c) to the whole acid components satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2):y<(133m+51.5n) log x+(60m+25.43n) (1)y>(253m+170n) log x-(176m+162n) (2)wherein 0<y<100, 0.5<x<50 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.100, 0.5.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.50, m is a proportion of the tetrabasic acid or alcohol in component (a) (mole %), n is a proportion of the tribasic acid or alcohol in component (a) (mole %), and m+n=1. The polyester possesses a good resistance to off-setting and good grinding characteristics.

Abstract: A resin is prepared by the reaction of a phenol, an aldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxy compound containing two or more hydroxy groups per molecule in the presence of a divalent metal ion catalyst. These resins react with polyisocyanates to form polyurethanes that are useful binders for foundry cores and molds.

Abstract: A stain-resist agent for polyamide fibers, its preparation and use are disclosed. The stain-resist agent is the condensation product of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone with 0.5 to 1.0 mole of formaldehyde, per mole of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone, and 0.15 to 1.5 moles of mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptosuccinic acid per mole of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone and ammonium hydroxide or an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount sufficient to neutralize the mercapto acid plus an excess of about 0.2 to 0.6 mole of hydroxide per mole of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone. Generally the reaction is carried out at 110.degree. to 180.degree. C. for 1 to 48 hours, with 130.degree. to 160.degree. C. for 3 to 24 hours being preferred. The product is applied to the polyamide fibers from an aqueous bath to provide a coating of 0.5 to 5.0 wt % stain-resist agent. The stain-resist is applied in the presence of a magnesium salt.

Abstract: Novel condensates comprising bisphenols and aromatic aminosulfonic acids, in particular, novel 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-2,2-bis (hydroxyphenyl)propaneformaldehyde condensates, and methods for their production are disclosed. The novel condensates are useful as a dispersant for disperse dyes, an additive for carbonaceous fine powder-water slurries and as a water reducing agent for cement.

Abstract: A resin is prepared by the reaction of a phenol, an aldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxy compound containing two or more hydroxy groups per molecule in the presence of a divalent metal ion catalyst. These resins react with polyisocyanates to form polyurethanes that are useful binders for foundry cores and molds.

Abstract: Polymers comprising perfluoroalkyl groups, reproduction layers containing these polymers and use thereof for waterless offset printing. The novel perfluoroalkyl group-containing polymers comprise polymers or polycondensates and have, in each case as substituents on different carbon atoms of benzene rings, phenolic OH groups and perfluoroalkyl groups which are optionally attached through intermediate members. In particular, at least 10% of the polymer units carry perfluoroalkyl groups. These polymers are either formed by condensation of substituted phenols (e.g., 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-perfluoroalkyl ester) with an aldehyde, a ketone, or a reactive bismethylene compound or by reacting polymers containing phenolic OH groups (e.g., hydroxypolystyrene) or polycondensates containing reactive OH groups (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde resins) with a perfluoroalkyl group-containing compound (e.g., 2,2-dihydroperfluorodecanoic acid chloride).

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for room temperature hardening of phenolic resole resin refractory compositions containing a magnesium oxide hardening agent alone or together with an organic ester. The resin is a low viscosity, low molecular weight resin having a high free phenol content. The magnesium hardening agent has a surface area of at least 20 square meters per gram. The compositions provide adequate working times and room temperature hardening within 24 hours.

Abstract: A curing agent mixture for curing alkaline phenol/formaldehyde resins containsA) a pulverulent or fibrous filler andB) a carbonic ester.

Abstract: A raw batch composition for use in making a shaped article such as a foundry shape or refractory article is disclosed. The composition comprises a mixture of an aggregate material; a phenol formaldehyde novolak resin; a phenol formaldehyde resole resin; and an ester functional curing agent. A shaped article prepared from the composition and processes for making a refractory body or foundry article are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of lithium ion-generating alkalizing agents in resole binder compositions useful for bonding aggregate materials to form refractory articles. Use of lithium-ion generating alkalizing agents produce resole resin binder compositions which, when cured by an ester functional curing agent, exhibit tensile and compression strengths superior to strengths obtained from compositions using sodium ion-generating or potassium ion-generating alkalizing agents.

Abstract: Improved phenolic-modified rosin ester resins are disclosed. The phenolic-modified rosin ester resins comprise the reaction product of substantially unsaturated rosins with a dienophile, a phenolic compound and a formaldehyde-containing compound, which product is then esterified. The resulting composition is useful in vehicles for publication gravure printing inks, as well as in the printing inks themselves. Printing inks fabricated in accordance with the invention employing these improved phenolic-modified rosin ester resins provide prints of superior quality.

Abstract: Foundry molds and cores are prepared by using as a binder a phenolic resin in solution in aqueous sodium hydroxide and using an ester to cure the binder. The ester may be incorporated in the mixture prior to shaping, or the ester in gaseous form may be passed through the shaped mixture.

Abstract: Phenol resins which are modified with compounds possessing amide and/or imide groups and are based on phenol resol ethers bonded via o,o'-methylene ether groups, and a process for their preparation.The novel modified phenol resol ethers are useful for the preparation of coating systems, in particular as crosslinking agents for cathodic electrocoating binders, and for the preparation of adhesives and rubber assistants.

Abstract: There are disclosed thermosetting resoles containing chemically bonded boron, tungsten and/or zirconium atoms. The metal containing resoles of this invention are useful, for example, as reimpregnation resins.

Abstract: A complex coordination compound of a novolac phenolic resin with zinc, copper, cobalt, cadmium, aluminum, indium, tin, chromium, cobalt or nickel is prepared by reaction of an oxide of the metal or an inorganic functional equivalent of the oxide, an alkanoic or aromatic monocarboxylic acid and an ammonia base. The resin product is useful as a color developer for coating of the record sheet of a chemical carbonless copying sheet system.

Abstract: There are disclosed thermosetting resoles containing chemically bonded boron, tungsten and/or zirconium atoms. The metal containing resoles of this invention are useful, for example, as reimpregnation resins.

Abstract: Amino-resin products, which include aminoplast foams, can be modified by reacting an aminoplast precondensate, which contains an excess of formaldehyde or to which supplemental formaldehyde or another lower monoaldehyde or dialdehyde has been added before processing, with a hardening agent or with a solution of hardening agent, surfactant, and foamer in the presence of an additive that consists of one or more mononuclear or binuclear phenols, phenolic ethers, or acenaphthene derivatives with the overall formulas ##STR1## in which X is H, OH, SO.sub.3 H, Cl, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 andR is H or an alkyl radical, with 1 to 9 carbon atoms, at a pH between about 1 and 2, mixed if necessary with aromatic sulphonic acids, at a pH between about 1 and 2. The modified products can be employed wherever free formaldehyde is undesirable.

Abstract: The invention relates to oil-modified resole varnishes particularly useful for impregnating paper laminates. Specifically, the invention relates to such compositions in which linseed oil or mixtures thereof with tung oil or oiticica oil is used as the modifier for the resole. Laminates prepared using the varnish are characterized by manufacturing economy, enhanced punchability and other salutary properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color-developer for pressure-sensitive recording sheets, comprising a co-condensate of a reaction intermediate of a p-substituted phenol and a trifunctional or higher phenol, or a polyvalent metal salt of said co-condensate, said reaction intermediate being obtained by the reaction of said p-substituted phenol under acidic conditions with formaldehyde or a substance capable of generating formaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for producing a rosin-modified phenolic resin modified with an animal or vegetable oil, which has superior properties as a vehicle for offset printing inks; and a resin composition for printing inks comprising the oil-modified and rosin-modified phenolic resin obtained by the aforesaid process as an essential ingredient.

Abstract: Mineral tanned leather is frequently retanned with synthetic tanning agents to improve the fullness and softness, but leather retanned by the prior art methods is difficult to dye in full shades with anionic dyes. According to the invention, condensation products of C.sub.1-4 aldehydes with certain aromatic sulfonic acids or carboxylic acids containing amino groups are employed for retanning, thereby improving the receptivity of the leather for anionic dyes. These acids have the general formula ##STR1## where X and X' are independently H, --CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 H or --CH.sub.2 --OH, A is a benzene radical, Y and Z are independently H, --SO.sub.3 H or --CO.sub.2 H, R is H or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl and n is from 0 to 10, with the proviso that at least one sulfonic acid or carboxyl group is present in the molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color-developer for pressure-sensitive recording sheets, comprising a co-condensate of a reaction intermediate of a p-substituted phenol and a trifunctional or higher phenol, or a polyvalent metal salt of said co-condensate, said reaction intermediate being obtained by the reaction of said p-substituted phenol under alkaline conditions with formaldehyde or a substance capable of generating formaldehyde.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: This invention relates to cellular plastic compositions of condensation products of phenol-urea and formaldehyde useful for thermal and acoustical insulation and methods for their preparation in which the phenol is present in amounts of about 1 to about 20 percent by weight wherein the condensation product prior to foaming and setting as a rigid cellular plastic has a viscosity at room temperature of approximately 30 to 36 seconds, No. 1 Zahn cup, and a pH maintained in the range of about 6 to 8.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for coating a substrate with a film of a coating composition rapidly curable at room temperature in the presence of a vaporous tertiary-amine catalyst. The pot life of the coating composition is substantially increased without deleterious loss of properties of the ultimately cured film wherein the coating composition comprises three components. The first component is a phenol-functional condensation product of (a) a phenol-aldehyde reaction product bearing a plurality of methylol and phenol groups, and (b) a polyol, polycarboxylic acid, or polyepoxide, wherein the condensation product is reacted with a selective transmethylolating agent for substantially transforming residual methylol groups into non-active hydrogen groups. The second component is a multi-isocyanate cross-linking agent and the third component is an organic solvent. The coating composition is applied to a substrate and cured by exposure of the coated substrate to a vaporous tertiary amine catalyst.

Abstract: Photosensitive compositions which contain as a photosensitive resin prepared by the condensation of the co-condensated novolak resin of the mixture of phenols such as in a combination of tert-butyl (or tert-octyl) phenol and phenol and/or cresol and formaldehyde, with o-quinonediazido sulfonic (or carboxylic) acid or contain said novolak resin as an additive for a photosensitive o-quinonediazido compound are discosed.

Abstract: An etherified phenolic chelate resin prepared by stabilizing and protecting the chelate groups of a phenolic chelate resin and then converting some or all of the phenolic hydroxyl groups into ether groups; a process for the production of the etherified phenolic chelate resin; and a method for separating a heavy metal ion from an aqueous solution having a pH of at least 7 by using this etherified phenolic chelate resin.

Abstract: Esters of glycidyl polyethers of saturated phenols are especially useful in coating compositions having a low organic solvent content. The esters are the reaction products of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 equivalents of a saturated monocarboxylic acid with each epoxy group in a diglycidyl polyether of phenols where the aromatic rings of the phenols are saturated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color-developing composition for pressure-sensitive recording sheet material of the self-contained type comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a copolymer obtained by reacting a p-alkylphenol having an alkyl moiety of from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and phenol with formaldehyde and (B) from 1 to 20 parts by weight of a hindered phenolic compound selected from phenols having an alkyl, alkylene or hydroxyl substituent radical in at least the 2- or 6-position, or both, of the benzene ring and derivatives thereof, the copolymer and the hindered phenolic compound being homogeneously dissolved in mutual solution. The hindered phenolic compound is either added to the starting materials for the preparation of the copolymer or, at the end of the copolymerization reaction, added to the resulting copolymer and dissolved homogeneously in mutual solution.