Abstract: Provided herein are methods of making asymmetric membranes comprising a first layer and a second layer. The methods include preparing a polymeric solution comprising one or more polymers, casting the polymeric solution to form a polymeric film, contacting the polymeric film with a solvent comprising a crosslinker under conditions to form a first layer on the top of the film, wherein the first layer is dense and solvent resistant, and contacting the polymeric film having the dense, solvent-resistant first layer with a non-solvent solution under conditions that form a porous second layer on the bottom of the film.

Abstract: Provided are cardo copolybenzimidazoles, a gas separation membrane using the same and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, provided are cardo copolybenzimidazoles obtained by introducing cardo groups and aromatic ether groups to a polybenzimidazole backbone, a gas separation membrane having significantly improved oxygen permeability by using the same, and a method for preparing the same. The cardo copolybenzimidazoles have improved solubility as compared to the polybenzimidazole polymers according to the related art, show excellent mechanical properties while maintaining thermal stability so as to be formed into a film shape, and provide a gas separation membrane having significantly improved gas permeability, particularly, oxygen permeability.

Abstract: New triaminophenol compositions and related compounds are disclosed, as are processes for their preparation and for the preparation of novel salts and diacid complexes from such compounds. Polymers prepared from these compositions can be made into high strength fiber, film, and tape and are useful in applications such as protective apparel, aircraft, automotive components, personal electronics, and sports equipment.

Abstract: New triaminophenol compositions and related compounds are disclosed, as are processes for their preparation and for the preparation of novel salts and diacid complexes from such compounds. Polymers prepared from these compositions can be made into high strength fiber, film, and tape and are useful in applications such as protective apparel, aircraft, automotive components, personal electronics, and sports equipment.

Abstract: New triaminophenol compositions and related compounds are disclosed, as are processes for their preparation and for the preparation of novel salts and diacid complexes from such compounds. Polymers prepared from these compositions can be made into high strength fiber, film, and tape and are useful in applications such as protective apparel, aircraft, automotive components, personal electronics, and sports equipment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a paper comprising (a) 40 to 70 parts by weight of polypyridobisimidazole fiber, polypyridobisimidazole pulp, or mixtures thereof and (b) 30 to 60 parts by weight of friction modifiers, structural resins, wet-strength resins, processing aids, fillers, and mixtures thereof; the parts by weight being based on the total amount of a) and b) in the paper.

Abstract: A polyimide represented by formula (6) is provided. The polyimide is fabricated by performing a polycondensation reaction with a amine compound shown in formula (4) and a dianhydride compound shown in formula (5) as monomers. In formulas (5) and (6), Ar represents aromatic group, and n represents a positive integer.

Abstract: There are provided a rigid heterocyclic polymer comprising rigid recurring units such as units represented by the following formulae (a) and (b): wherein X is O, S or NH, a production process thereof, and fibers comprising the polymer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a novel polymeric material capable of forming a solid polymer electrolyte excellent not only in processability, solvent resistance and durability/stability but also in ion conductivity by introducing sulfonic acid group or phosphonic acid group into a polybenzazole compound having excellent properties in view of heat resistance, solvent resistance, mechanical characteristics and the like. Means attaining the object of the present invention is a polybenzazole compound including an aromatic dicarboxylic acid bond unit having sulfonic acid group and/or phosphonic acid group and satisfying either a condition that inherent viscosity measured in concentrated sulfuric acid is in the range of 0.25 to 10 dl/g or a condition that inherent viscosity measured in a methanesulfonic acid solution is in the range of 0.1 to 50 dl/g.

Abstract: A material for dielectric films is a polymerizable composition containing an organic solvent, and an adamantanepolycarboxylic acid derivative represented by following Formula (1): wherein X is hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or R4; R1, R2, R3 and R4 and are each independently a protected or unprotected carboxyl group, etc.; and Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are each independently a single bond or a bivalent aromatic cyclic group; and an aromatic polyamine derivative represented by following Formula (2): wherein Ring Z is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring; and R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each a substituent bound to Ring Z and are each independently a protected or unprotected amino group, etc., dissolved in the organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a solution of a polymer comprising recurring azole units, which comprises dissolving a sufficiently dried polymer comprising recurring azole units of the formula where the radicals Ar, Ar1 and Ar2 are tetravalent, divalent or trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic groups and the radicals X, which are identical within a repeating unit, are each an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or an amino group bearing a hydrogen atom, a group having 1–20 carbon atoms, preferably a branched or unbranched alkyl or alkoxy group, or an aryl group as further radical, in N,N-dimethylacetamide having a sufficiently low water content at a temperature above room temperature under an inert gas atmosphere, wherein a sufficiently dried polymer comprising recurring azole units of the formula (1) or (2) of which 90% by weight based on the total weight of the polymer comprising recurring azole units has a particle size of less than 1 mm is used.

Abstract: A series of low melting and low viscosity phenylethynyl end-capped polyimides (PETIs) possessed of long term thermal and mechanical stability useful as films, melt coatings, adhesives, matrix and RTM resins and particular as coatings for optical fibers and phenylethynyl end-capped bismides blended with PETIs are disclosed. Processes for their production including: 1) modification of PETI-5 oligomer by molecular weight adjustments by blending with reactive low melting phenylethynyl end-capped imide monomers, 2) modification of the PETI-5 backbone structure with other diamine components, and 3) modification of the PETI-5 backbone with bulky fluorinated groups are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polymers are prepared from A) 60 to 95 percent by weight of a mixture including A1) 20 to 70 percent by weight of hydroxyalkyl amino triazines and A2) 30 to 80 percent by weight of bis(hydroxyalkyl) amino triazines B) 5 to 40 percent by weight of polyfunctional compounds selected from one or more of B1) polyisocyanates and/or oligomeric polyesters or polyethers with isocyanate end groups, B2) aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, esters, chlorides or anhydrides, or aromatic polybasic acids, esters, chlorides or anhydrides, B3) aliphatic or aromatic diglycidal compounds or triglycidyl compounds, and, optionally, C) 1 to 20 percent by weight of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dihydroxy compounds, polyalkylene glycols and aliphatic aldehydes.

Abstract: A polyester resin composition comprising 50 equivalents/ton or more of an aromatic ring in the resin and at least one thermosetting resin selected from the group consisting of melamine resin, urea resin, benzoguanamine resin and phenol resin. The aromatic ring in the polyester resin has a phenolic hydroxyl group and at least one of ortho-position and para-position of the aromatic ring to the phenolic hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom. The resin composition has excellent toughness at ambient temperature and heat resistance.

Abstract: Rod-like aromatic heterocyclic polymers having repeating units of the formula --(--Q--Ar--).sub.m --(--Q--Ph--).sub.n)-- where Q is ##STR1## X is --O--, --S--, or --NH--; m is 0.05 to 1.0; n is 1.0-m; Ph is 1,4-phenylene; Ar is ##STR2## R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same and are either H or CH.sub.3 ; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are CH.sub.3.

Abstract: An improved polybenzimidazole wherein the total concentration of metals other than alkali metal and alkaline earth metals is 10 ppm or less. The resulting polybenzimidazole is industrially useable in parts or components of apparatus for the manufacture of semiconductors and display devices.

Abstract: Esterification reactions conducted in the presence of Lewis acids, including the reactions between aromatic carboxylic acids and alcohols and between epoxides and carboxylic acids, may be conducted with the use as the catalyst of a hexaalkylguanidinium or .alpha.,.omega.-bis(pentaalkylguanidinium)alkane salt such as hexaethyiguanidinium chloride or bromide.

Abstract: Improved process for producing a polybenzimidazole compound in solution by dissolving a fully dried polybenzimidazole of the following general formula (1) or (2) in N,N-dimethylacetamide of a sufficiently reduced water content at an elevated temperature of 260.degree. C. or higher in an inert gas atmosphere and a solution of the polybenzimidazole compound produced by the process. The solution remains useful for an extended time without using metal salts or any other stabilizers: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are tetra-, di- and trivalent aromatic groups, respectively; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; n is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PMR type resin which comprises a mixture of:(a) nadic acid of Formula (Ia) or a derivative thereof ##STR1## (b) a diaminobisimide of Formula (Ib) ##STR2## (c) an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid of Formula (Ic) or a derivative thereof ##STR3## the components (a), (b) and (c) being present in the approximate molar proportions of 2:n:n-1 respectively.

Abstract: A rigid rod polymer in which at least 50% of the recurring groups correspond to the formula; ##STR1## Included in the invention are processes for preparation of the above rigid rod polymer and using such polymer as well as compositions employing the above rigid rod polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymers and copolymers containing at least one repeating unit of the formula ##STR1## in which X is O or NH; R is a single bond or a hydrocarbon chain; R' is a hydrocarbon chain containing one or two carbon atoms, and P is the residue of an oligomer HX--P--XH whose solution viscosity determined in meta-cresol at 30.degree. C. at concentrations of 0.5 g/dl is lower than 0.50 dl/g.sup.-1. Also disclosed is a process for obtaining the polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: A polymer having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Q is ##STR2## wherein X is --NH--, --S-- or --O--. A copolymer having repeating units of the formula: ##STR3## wherein x has a value of 0.01 to 0.99 and Q is ##STR4## wherein X is --NH--, --S-- or --O--.

Abstract: Polymeric polyetheramidoamine hydrogel materials, which are capable of complexing heparin in physiological conditions are herein described. Said materials are useful in the manufacturing of medical devices.

Abstract: The yield of fully substituted, multidimensional aromatic hubs in the condensation of hydroxyl and acid halide functionalities is improved by adding a thallium catalyst, such as thallium ethoxide (T1-OC.sub.2 H.sub.5), in the solvent.

Abstract: Thermomechanical and thermo-oxidative stabilities in heterocycle or heterocycle sulfone resin composites are improved by forming four crosslinks at each addition polymerization site in the backbone of the resin using crosslinking functionalities.

Abstract: Novel poly(N-arylenebenzimidazole)s (PNABls) are prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of novel di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylene benzimidazole) monomers with activated aromatic dihalides or activated aromatic dinitro compounds. The polymerizations are carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or N,N-dimethylacetamide using alkali metal bases such as potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures under nitrogen. The di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylenebenzimidazole) monomers are synthesized by reacting phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate with bis(2-aminoanilino)arylenes in diphenylsulfone. Moderate molecular weight PNABIs of new chemical structures were prepared that exhibit a favorable combination of physical and mechanical properties. The use of the novel di(hydroxyphenyI-N-arylenebenzimidazole)s permits a more economical and easier way to prepare PNABIs than previous routes.

Abstract: Alcohol-soluble aromatic heterocyclic copolymers having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein x has a value of 0.05 to 0.50 and y has a value of 1.0-x. These copolymers are useful in the preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid materials having transparency which comprise the sol-gel derived, hydrolytically condensed reaction product of a metal alkoxide of the formula M(OR).sub.w wherein R is a lower alkyl group, M is Si, Ti, Al or a mixture thereof, and w is the valence value of M, and the above copolymer.

Abstract: Alcohol-soluble aromatic heterocyclic polymers having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is --O-- or --S--, and R is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and R' is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkaryl having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, aralkyl having 7 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted aromatic having 1 to 3 substituent groups.The alcohol-soluble polymers may be used for fabricating organic/inorganic hybrid composites with metal alkoxides M(OQ).sub.v, wherein M is Si, Ti, Al or the like and Q is a lower alkyl group. These polymers can also be used to coat materials or substrates which are susceptible to attack by highly corrosive acids. On drying, the ionic bond between the trialkylamine and the sulfo group is broken and the polymer reverts to the parent structure, thereby leaving a polymer coating. Yet further, the original amine can be exchanged with a less volatile amine or an amine having a desired functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides new polymer compositions which contain novel substituted pyrazines or pyrazine derivatives ("NPD") which are functional and have useful application as a monomer (co-monomer) for a variety of high performance polymers such as polyester, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyetherketones, epoxides, polyimides, polyamides, and polyamides-imides. These NPD have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are defined herein.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for synthesizing polybenzazole polymers comprising: (a) contacting a bis(trihalomethyl) organic compound with a polyphosphoric acid under reaction conditions sufficient to convert at least about 25 mole percent of the trihalomethyl groups present to carboxylic acid or carboxylate groups, forming a reaction mixture thereby; and (b) contacting the reaction mixture with an aromatic compound having two o-amino-basic moieties under reaction conditions sufficient to form a polybenzazole polymer.

Abstract: Novel poly(N-arylenebenzimidazole)s (PNABIs) are prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of novel di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylene benzimidazole) monomers with activated aromatic dihalides or activated aromatic dinitro compounds. The polymerizations are carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or N,N-dimethylacetamide using alkali metal bases such as potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures under nitrogen. The di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylenebenzimidazole) monomers are synthesized by reacting phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate with bis(2-aminoanilino)arylenes in diphenylsulfone. Moderate molecular weight PNABIs of new chemical structures were prepared that exhibit a favorable combination of physical and mechanical properties. The use of the novel di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylenebenzimidazole)s permits a more economical and easier way to prepare PNABIs than previous routes.

Abstract: The present invention provides new polymer compositions which contain novel substituted pyrazines or pyrazine derivatives ("NPD") which are functional and have useful application as a monomer (co-monomer) for a variety of high performance polymers such as polyester, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyetherketones, epoxides, polyimides, polyamides, and polyamides-imides. These NPD have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are defined herein.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: In reactions to form PBZ polymers such as polybenzoxazole, monomers having an aromatic group bonded to a primary amine group and to a hydroxy, thio or amine group ortho to said primary amine group are contacted with monomers having an electron-deficient carbon group. In the present invention the electron deficient carbon group may be an alkali metal carboxylate group or a trihalomethyl group. Useful monomers include, for example, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.'-hexachloroxylene and disodium terephthalate.

Abstract: Di(hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole monomers were prepared from phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and aromatic bis(o-diamine)s. These monomers were used in the synthesis of soluble polybenzimidazoles. The reaction involved the aromatic nucleophilic displacement of various di(hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole monomers with activated aromatic dihalides or activated aromatic dinitro compounds in the presence of an alkali metal base. These polymers exhibited lower glass transition temperatures, improved solubility, and better compression moldability over their commercial counterparts.

Abstract: Para-ordered aromatic heterocyclic polymers having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n has a value of 0.05 to 1.00 and Q is a benzobisazole of the formula ##STR2## wherein X is --S-- or --O--, are soluble in aprotic solvents.

Abstract: In reactions to form PBZ polymers such as polybenzoxazole, monomers having an aromatic group bonded to a primary amine group and to a hydroxy, thio or amine group ortho to said primary amine group are contacted with monomers having an "electron-deficient carbon group." In the present invention the electron-deficient carbon group may be an alkali metal carboxylate group or a trihalomethyl group. Useful monomers include, for example, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.',-hexachloroxylene and disodium terephthalate.

Abstract: Azole rings, such as oxazole and thiazole rings, can activate an aromatic ring bonded to a leaving group such as a halogen atom so that the aromatic ring will undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The reaction is useful for making ethers, thioethers and amines containing azole rings. In particular, monomers having azole rings, activated aromatic rings with leaving groups and nucleophilic moieties can react under conditions of aromatic nucleophilic displacement to form non-rigid rod PBZ polymers. The non-rigid rod PBZ polymers can be used to form molecular composites with rigid rod PBZ polymers which molecular composites are not substantially phase separated.

Abstract: Rigid-rod aromatic heterocyclic polymers having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ba is a benzobisazole moiety of the formula: ##STR2## wherein X is --O--, --S-- or --NH.

Abstract: Azole rings, such as oxazole and thiazole rings, can activate an aromatic ring bonded to a leaving group such as a halogen atom so that the aromatic ring will undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The reaction is useful for making ethers, thioethers and amines containing azole rings. In particular, monomers having azole rings, activated aromatic rings with leaving groups and nucleophilic moieties can react under conditions of aromatic nucleophilic displacement to form non-rigid rob PBZ polymers. The non-rigid rod PBZ polymers can be used to form molecular composites with rigid rod PBZ polymers which molecular composites are not substantially phase separated.

Abstract: Rigid-rod aromatic heterocyclic copolymers having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n has a value of about 0.10 to 0.99, m is 1.0-n, Ar is a para-ordered divalent aromatic moiety, as defined hereinafter, and wherein Ba is a benzobisazole moiety of the formula: ##STR2## wherein X is --O--, --S-- or --NH. Ar can be any para-ordered divalent moiety such as, for example, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene, 4,4"-terphenylene, and the like, as well as substituted divalent moieties, such as, for example: ##STR3## wherein R is Q or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein Q is ##STR4## wherein Z is --O-- or --S--; ##STR5## wherein R is as defined above, or ##STR6## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are --H or -phenyl, R.sup.2 is --H or ##STR7## wherein Q is as defined above, and R.sup.4 is R.sup.

Abstract: Polyimide oligomers include (1) linear, monofunctional crosslinking oligomers prepared by condensing a monoanhydride end cap with a diamine that includes alternating ether and "Sulfone" (--SO.sub.2 --, --S--, --CO--, --(CF.sub.3).sub.2 C--, or --(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C--) linkages connecting alternating aromatic radicals and with a dianhydride (or dianhydride mixture), particularly the unsaturated, aliphatic dianhydride commonly known as MCTC; (2) linear, mono- or difunctional crosslinking oligomers prepared by condensing an amine end cap with a diamine and a dianhydride; and (3) multidimensional, crosslinking oligomers having an aromatic hub and at least three radiating arms connected to the hub, each arm including a crosslinking end cap at its distal end and at least one imide linkage.Blends, prepregs, and composites can be prepared from the oligomers.

Abstract: There are provided novel rod-like heterocyclic aromatic copolymers having peating groups of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n has a value of 0.01 to 0.50, wherein Ar is a para-oriented aromatic group and Q is an aromatic heterocyclic group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is --S--, --O-- or --NR--, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of --H, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and aromatic having 1 or 2 aromatic rings.

Abstract: The substituted polyheterocycles containing recurring structural units corresponding to the formula ##STR1## in which X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or N-H, show good solubility in mixtures of methanesulfonic acid and methylene chloride or trifluoroacetic acid and methylene chloride. They may be used for the production of mixtures with thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides for hybrid polybenzimidazole and polybenzimidazolone polymers which are characterized as containing both imidazole and imidazolone structural units in the polymer chain. These polymers are characterized as containing at least one recurring monomer unit containing the structure of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a tetravalent aromatic moiety derived from an aromatic tetraamine and Ar.sub.1 is a trivalent aromatic moiety derived from a trifunctional acid, an acid anhydride or amine-reactive derivatives thereof, said polymers further characterized by an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.01 dl/g measured as a 0.5% solution in N-methyl pyrrolidone at 25.degree. C.The polymers of this invention exhibit many of the advantageous properties of both polybenzimidazole and polybenzimidazolone polymers. They are characterized as being extremely resistant to chemical attack such as by solvents, acids and bases.

Abstract: A preferred class of polyimide oligomers include (1) linear, difunctional crosslinking oligomers prepared by condensing an imidophenylamine end cap with a lower alkylene diamine or a polyaryldiamine such as 3,3'-phenoxyphenylsulfone diamine and with a dianhydride, particularly 4,4'-phenoxyphenylsulfone dianhydride; and (2) multidimensional, crosslinking, polyimide oligomers having an aromatic hub and at least two radiating arms connected to the hub, each arm including a crosslinking imidophenylamine end cap at its distal end and at least two imide linkages.Blends, prepregs, and composites can be prepared from the oligomers.

Abstract: There are provided novel rod-like heterocyclic aromatic polymers having repeating groups of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is --S--, --O-- or --NR--, R is -H, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic group having 1 or 2 aromatic rings, and the bullet symbol (.cndot.) indicates hydrogen bonding.

Abstract: Azole rings, such as oxazole and thiazole rings, can activate an aromatic ring bonded to a leaving group such as a halogen atom so that the aromatic ring will undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The reaction is useful for making ethers, thioethers and amines containing azole rings. In particular, monomers having azole rings, activated aromatic rings with leaving groups and nucleophilic moieties can react under conditions of aromatic nucleophilic displacement to form non-rigid rod PBZ polymers. The non-rigid rod PBZ polymers can be used to form molecular composites with rigid rod PBZ polymers which molecular composites are not substantially phase separated.

Abstract: There are provided crosslinkable, para-ordered aromatic heterocyclic polymers having repeating groups of the following formula ##STR1## wherein Y is --O--, --S--, or --NH--, n is 1 or 2, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In polymers having two pendant R groups, the R groups can be the same or different.

Abstract: There are provided para-ordered aromatic heterocyclic copolymers having repeating groups of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein a, b, c, d, and e are positive integers, each representing an average number of the respective different recurring units present in the repeating group, m and n are 1 or 2, R and R' are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Q is a benzobisazole group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is --O--, --S--, or --NH--. In the copolymers wherein m or n is 2, the R or R' groups can be the same or different. In copolymer I, the ratio a:b can be about 1:1 to 99:1. In copolymer II, the ratio c:(d+e) can be about 1:1 to 99:1, and the ratio d:e can be about 1:99 to 99:1.