Abstract: There is provided a production method of poly(phenylene ether ether ketone). The production method makes a cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) composition subjected to thermal ring-opening polymerization in the presence of a metal alkoxide and/or a metal phenoxide. The cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) composition includes 60% by weight or more of cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) and has a melting point of 270° C. or lower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives of the below formula to their manufacture; to their use as organic semiconductors, e.g. in semiconductor devices, especially a sensor, a diode, a photodiode, an organic field effect transistor, a transistor for flexible displays, and/or a solar cell (photovoltaic cell); to such semiconductor devices comprising diketopyrrolopyrrol derivatives of the formula I as a semiconducting effective means, and to devices containing said semiconductor devices. The compounds of the formula I have excellent solubility in organic solvents. High efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when said compounds are used in semiconductor devices or organic photovoltaic (PV) devices.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is provided that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The photoactive layer includes a photoactive polymer containing a first monomer repeat unit, which contains a moiety of formula (1): in which A and R are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A Pechmann dye based polymer of formula 1, below, is provided.

Abstract: An extended isoindigo polymer of Formula (I), below, is provided.

Abstract: An arylalkenyl ether oligomer is produced by the reaction of a polyhaloalkene with a polyhydroxyaryl compound. Halogenation of the resultant oligomer produces a flame retardant having both aromatic and aliphatic bromine groups.

Abstract: A copolymer containing fluorenylporphyrin-anthracene is disclosed, which comprises a polymer represented by formula (1), in which R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are C1-C16 alkyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 100. A preparation method of the copolymer containing fluorenylporphyrin-anthracene and the application thereof in manufacture of solar cell devices, organic field-effect transistors, organic electroluminescent devices, organic optical storage device, organic nonlinear materials or organic laser devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor composition for producing a semiconducting layer with consistently high mobility is disclosed. The semiconductor composition includes a diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene copolymer and a non-aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon solvent. The copolymer has a structure disclosed within. Preferably, the non-aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon solvent contains at least 2 carbon atoms and at least 3 halogen atoms.

Abstract: A perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide organic semiconductive material is represented by the following formula (I), which belongs to the field of photoelectric material. In formula (I), n is an integer of 1-100, R1, R2 or R3 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 alkoxyl, phenyl or alkoxyphenyl, R4 or R5 is C1-C20 alkyl, R6 or R7 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 alkoxyl or phenyl.

Abstract: A copolymer containing fluorenylporphyrin-benzene is disclosed, which comprises a copolymer represented by formula (1), in which R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are C1-C16 alkyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 100. The preparation method of said copolymer containing fluorenylporphyrin-benzene and the use thereof in manufacture of solar batteries components, organic field effect transistors, organic electroluminescent components, organic optical storage components, organic non-linear materials or organic laser components are also disclosed.

Abstract: A porphyrin copolymer containing thienothiadiazole units, preparation method and uses thereof are disclosed. The copolymer has the structural formula (I), wherein: R1, R2, R3, R4 are same or different and each represents a C1-C32 alkyl; n is an integer of 1-100. The copolymer comprises fluorene units, thienothiadiazole units and porphyrin units, which enhance the density of electron cloud in copolymer skeleton, make the band-gap of the copolymer become narrow, thereby broaden the spectral response range of the copolymer, and improve the photoelectric transformation efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic guanidine comprising reacting (i) a cyanamide, (ii) a polyamine, and (iii) a weak acid. The present invention is also directed to a coating composition comprising the cyclic guanidine.

Abstract: A polymer of Formula (I) wherein R1, R2, Ar1, Ar2, and n are as described herein. The polymer may be used in a semiconducting layer of an electronic device.

Abstract: A poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) prepared using a morpholine-containing polymerization catalyst has a monomodal molecular weight distribution with a reduced content of very high molecular weight species. It also exhibits increased morpholine incorporation in the high molecular weight fraction. Compared to commercially available poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) prepared using a di-n-butylamine-containing polymerization catalyst, the poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) of the invention exhibits reduced odor. Compared to other poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) prepared using a morpholine-containing polymerization catalyst, the poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) of the invention exhibits improved molecular weight build during compounding and improved compatibilization with polyamides.

Abstract: A poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) prepared using a morpholine-containing polymerization catalyst has a monomodal molecular weight distribution with a reduced content of very high molecular weight species. It also exhibits increased morpholine incorporation in the high molecular weight fraction. Compared to commercially available poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) prepared using a di-n-butylamine-containing polymerization catalyst, the poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) of the invention exhibits reduced odor. Compared to other poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) prepared using a morpholine-containing polymerization catalyst, the poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) of the invention exhibits improved molecular weight build during compounding and improved compatibilization with polyamides.

Abstract: A polymer has a structure represented by: wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon, and a hetero-containing group, each M is conjugated moiety selected from: and substituted derivatives and combinations thereof, a represents a number that is at least 1; b represents a number from 1 to 20; n represents a number from 2 to 500 a represents a number that is at least 1, b represents a number from 0 to 20, n represents a number from 2 to 5000, each X is independently selected from S, Se, 0, and NR?, where each R? is independently selected from hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon, and a hetero-containing group, each Z is independently one of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon, a hetero-containing group, and a halogen, d represents a number which is at least 1, and e represents a number from zero to 2.

Abstract: A thin film transistor device includes a semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer includes a compound comprising a chemical structure represented by: wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon, and a hetero-containing group, each Ar is independently selected from optionally substituted aryl and heteroaryl groups, each M is an optional, conjugated moiety, a represents a number that is at least 1, b represents a number from 0 to 20, and n represents a number that is at least 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a phenolic polymer using a phenothiazine-based mediator, in particular, to a process for preparing a phenolic polymer via polymerization of phenolic monomers by using a phenothiazine-based mediator in the presence of peroxidase biocatalyst and an oxidant, thereby drastically improving the enzyme reactivity of peroxidase. The phenolic polymers prepared according to the polymerization of this invention maintain unsaturated hydrocarbon groups linked to their side chains, so that they are very useful as a curing resin because they can easily form coatings through radical curing. In addition, the coating formed using the curing resin has an antioxidation effect and a low surface energy, so that they can prevent physical attachment of marine livings. Because the antifouling-causing functional groups are not consumed, the coatings continuously exhibit durability.

Abstract: A method for making a polyarylene ether copolymer including mixing a polyarylene ether, a hydroxyaromatic terminated siloxane reagent and an oxidant, and melt compounding the mixture. A polyarylene ether copolymer including a polyarylene ether, a hydroxyaromatic terminated siloxane reagent, an oxidant and a filler is also presented.

Abstract: A new phosphazene-based polyester macro-molecule is provided, as is a method for producing the macro-molecule.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel polymeric coating materials for direct digital imaging by laser. More specifically the novel coating materials are thermally reactive near infrared absorption polymers designed for use with near infrared laser imaging devices. This invention further extends to the preparation and methods of use of the novel materials. The invention is particularly useful in the preparation of lithographic printing plates for computer-to-plate and digital-offset-press technologies. The invention extends to photoresist applications, to rapid prototyping of printed circuit boards and to chemical sensor development.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel polymeric coating materials for direct digital imaging by laser. More specifically the novel coating materials are thermally reactive near infrared absorption polymers designed for use with near infrared laser imaging devices. This invention further extends to the preparation and methods of use of the novel materials. The invention is particularly useful in the preparation of lithographic printing plates for computer-to-plate and digital-offset-press technologies. The invention extends to photoresist applications, to rapid prototyping of printed circuit boards and to chemical sensor development.

Abstract: A cyanate resin composition comprising as essential components a cyanate compound represented by formula (1) or its prepolymer and a curing agent: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; i represents an integer of 0 to 3 alone or together with a brominated epoxy compound or a maleimide compound or its prepolymer, said cyanate resin composition giving a cured product having a low-dielectric constant, and a copper-clad laminate composed of a prepreg of said cyanate resin composition and a copper foil.

Abstract: A solution which comprises: a non-polar organic solvent, such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, like hexane; polyaniline; and an effective amount of an amphiphilic phenol-containing reagent, which can be a monomeric compound or a phenol-containing polymer, for the solubilization of the polyaniline in the solvent. The alkyl substituent in the phenol-containing reagent, if monomeric, can contain from about six to about twelve carbon atoms, with a preferred solubilizer being dodecylphenol.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic melanins of different colors produced by procedures involving oxidative polymerization of monomeric precursors of melanin and/or co-monomers that enhance substantivity or adherence of the melanins to the skin and hair. Also disclosed are methods for preparing cosmetic melanins and methods for using these compositions topically to produce a natural-appearing tan and to prevent damage to skin caused by UV exposure.

Abstract: A method for making polyarylene ethers comprises the step of melt polymerizing phenolic monomers in the presence of oxygen and oxidative coupling catalysts without employing environmentally unfriendly solvents.

Abstract: A method for making polyarylene ethers comprising the step of melt polymerizing 2,6-disubstituted-4-alkylphenols in the presence of an oxidative coupling catalyst and in the absence of environmentally unfriendly solvents.

Abstract: A method for making polyarylene ethers is described and the method comprises the step of polymerizing hydroxyaromatic monomers or oligomers prepared therefrom in the presence of pyridine catalysts.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly process is provided for the preparation of poly(phenylene ether) resin by oxidatively coupling at least one monovalent phenol using an oxygen containing gas and a complex copper (I) amine catalyst as the oxidizing agent and extracting the copper catalyst with an aqueous containing solution as a copper (II)-organic acid salt, an improvement which comprises reduction and recovery of the copper (II) species as a copper (I) species for regeneration of the complex copper (I) amine catalyst.

Abstract: A new thermoplastic homopolymer of o-cresol which is a poly(2-methylphenylene oxide) having a high molecular weight distribution is described. The polymer is prepared using a 2 and/or 6 substituted pyridine catalyst to the molecular weight distribution. The homopolymer can be blended with other thermoplastic polymers. The homopolymer is rapidly biodegraded, particularly in soil containing soil microorganisms.

Abstract: A new thermoplastic homopolymer of o-cresol which is a poly(2-methylphenylene oxide) having a high molecular weight distribution is described. The polymer is prepared using a 2 and/or 6 substituted pyridine catalyst to the molecular weight distribution. The homopolymer can be blended with other thermoplastic polymers. The homopolymer is rapidly biodegraded, particularly in soil containing soil microorganisms.

Abstract: A hydroxy-substituted poly(phenylene ether) resin can be produced by copolymerizing from 1.5 to 8 mol % of a phenol compound selected from those represented by the following formulae (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e): ##STR1## and from 98.5 to 92 mol % of a phenol compound of the following formula (f): ##STR2## The hydroxy-substituted poly(phenylene ether) resin shows excellent compatibility with a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a poly(butylene terephthalate), a poly(phenylene sulfide), and is useful as a copatibilizer or a modified resin for engineering plastics.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the preparation of poly(aryl ethers) from cyclic poly(aryl ether) oligomers. These low melt viscosity cyclic oligomers undergo ring opening and chain extension upon heating in the presence of a catalyst, forming high molecular weight linear polymers with no coproduct formation. Finished thermoplastic parts and composites may be prepared using this technology with processing techniques normally restricted to thermosetting monomers.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of poly(aryl ether) polymers by reacting, in the absence of dipolar aprotic solvents, an alkali metal double salt of a dihydric phenol with a dihalobenzenoid compound in the presence of a macro bicyclic compound having nitrogen bridgehead atoms linked together by three hydrocarbon bridging chains having in each of the hydrocarbon bridging chains at least one additional hetro atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms.The poly(aryl ether) polymer resins produced by the process have a low degree of coloration and excellent mechanical and electrical properties which allow them to be molded into a variety of articles.

Abstract: Aromatic polyether polymers, illustrated by polyethersulfones, polyetherketones and polyetherimides, are prepared by a phase transfer catalyzed reaction between a salt of a dihydroxyaromatic compound and a substituted aromatic compound such as bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ketone or 1,3-bis[N-(4-chlorophthalimido)]benzene or the corresponding derivative of toluene or diphenyl ether, or the analagous fluoro-, bromo- or nitro-substituted compounds. The phase transfer catalysts employed are those which are stable at temperatures in the range of about 125.degree.-250.degree. C. Particularly preferred phase transfer catalysts are the hexaalkylguanidinium and .alpha.,.omega.-bis(pentaalkylguanidinium)alkane salts and the corresponding heterocyclic salts.

Abstract: The new aromatic polyethers containing ester groups, which are distinguished by high dimensional stability, may be used for the production of all kinds of moulded products as well as for the preparation of block copolymers of aromatic polyether segments and segments of other thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: Poly(1,2,4-triazoles)(PT) have been prepared by involving the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of di(hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole monomers with activated aromatic dihalides or activated aromatic dinitro compounds. The reactions are carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as sulfolane or diphenylsulfone using alkali metal bases such as potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures under nitrogen. The di(hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole monomers are first synthesized by reacting bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) hydrazide with aniline hydrochloride at 250.degree. C. in the melt and also by reacting 1,3 or 1,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylenedihydrazide with 2 moles of aniline hydrochloride in the melt. Purification of the di(hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole monomers is accomplished by recrystallization.

Abstract: Fluorinated polyether compositions having reactive end gorups, such as ##STR1## can be crosslinked to produce cured films useful as dielectrics for microelectronic applications. Other reactive end groups such as allyl, benzocyclobutyl, N-phenylmaleimido, alkynylphenyyl, styryl, allylphenyl, cyanophenyl, and triazenophenyl are also suitable.

Abstract: Ortho ester-capped polyphenylene ethers are prepared by the reaction of a polyphenylene ether with a reactive compound containing an ortho ester group, preferably a 4-(2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl group. Chlorotriazines containing the ortho ester substituent are particularly preferred as capping agents. The capped polyphenylene ethers form copolymer-containing compositions with polyesters and other polymers containing carboxylic acid groups.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a polyphenylene ether by subjecting a 2,6-dialkyl-4-halophenol to oxygen in the presence of a water-immiscible solvent, an aqueous alkali, a phase transfer agent, and a molecular-weight-controlling amount of an amine having at least one hydrogen on the amine nitrogen. The polyphenylene ether thus produced has improved flow properties, color and odor, and is suitable for polymer blending with styrenic resins.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a polyphenylene ether with low nitrogen content and low odor properties employs, for oxidative coupling of a 2,6-disubstituted phenol, a novel catalyst comprising a copper compound, a diamine, a tertiary amine, a quaternary compound and an unsaturated compound. The new polyphenylene ether is suitable for polymer blending, with, for example, styrenic resins, to make low odor blends.

Abstract: A polyphenylene ether having at least one functional end group of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a divalent C.sub.1-12 aliphatic group, n is 0 or 1, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a hydroxy-C.sub.2-8 -alkyl.

Abstract: Aryloxytriazine-capped polyphenylene ethers are prepared by reaction of a polyphenylene ether with an aryl cyanurate. The products undergo reaction with amine-terminated polymers such as polyamides, to form compositions which have excellent properties and which find utility as molding compositions and as compatibilizers for blends of similar polymers.

Abstract: Acetylene terminated aspartimides are prepared using two methods. In the first, an amino-substituted aromatic acetylene is reacted with an aromatic bismaleimide in a solvent of glacial acetic acid and/or m-c=resol. In the second method, an aromatic diamine is reacted with an ethynyl containing maleimide, such as N-(3-ethynylphenyl) maleimide, in a solvent of glacial acetic acid and/or m-cresol. In addition, acetylene terminated aspartimides are blended with various acetylene terminated oligomers and polymers to yield composite materials exhibiting improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A process for producing a plyphenylene oxide is disclosed, comprising oxidative polymerization of a nucleus-substituted phenol with an oxygen-containing gas in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a manganese compound containing at least one divalent manganese salt, at least one basic compound selected from hydroxides, alkoxides or phenoxides of the group IA metals of the Periodic Table and hydroxides or oxides of the group IIA metals of the Periodic Table, an alkanolamine represented by formula (I)R.sup.1 --NH--R.sup.2 --OH (I)wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl-substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and an amine represented by formula (II)R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NH (II)wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyphenylene ethers with reduced inherent color by the addition of a boron compound after the termination of the oxidative coupling reaction and removal of the metallic catalyst residues.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copoly(arylene sulfide) corresponding to the structure[(--A--S--).sub.1-x (--A--S--S--).sub.x ].sub.nwherein x is in the range of 0.5 to 0.001 by reacting a mixture of a diiodoaromatic compound and elemental sulfur in the absence of a basic material and in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organic amine-containing compound.

Abstract: A method for introducing gases into liquids, wherein a stirred kettle is used which has the form of a cylindrical vessel in which the length/diameter ratio should be at least 1; and wherein the stirred kettle is filled to a level of more than 70% with the liquid into which gas is to be introduced, the gas feed rate is adapted to the absorption capacity of the liquid, and the stirrer speed is adjusted such that the largest coherent amount of gas is 10% of the volume of the stirred kettle.

Abstract: Heating polyphenylene ether in the presence of isotoic anhydride and organic solvent has been found to enhance the thermal stability of the polyphenylene ether.

Abstract: Impact- and solvent-resistant resin blends are prepared from a polyphenylene ether, or blend thereof with a polystyrene, a linear polyester such as a poly(alkylene dicarboxylate), at least one elastomeric polyphenylene ether-compatible impact modifier and at least one polymer containing a substantial proportion of aromatic polycarbonate units as a compatibilizing agent. There may also be present a minor amount of at least one epoxide and/or masked isocyanate such as triglycidyl isocyanurate or a glycidyl methacrylate polymer. The polyphenylene ether is preferably inactivated by reaction with at least one non-volatile carboxylic acid or anhydride and/or by extrusion with vacuum venting.