Abstract: A high-strength creep-resistant polyester industrial yarn and preparation method thereof are provided. The high-strength creep-resistant polyester industrial yarn is prepared by spinning, winding and coordination treatment of a modified polyester after solid-state polycondensation to increase viscosity. The condition of coordination treatment is 60-72 hours at 80-100° C. The coordination agent is AgNO3, FeCl2, CuCl2, or NiCl2. The polyester segments of the prepared high-strength creep-resistant polyester industrial yarn includes a terephthalic acid segment, an ethylene glycol segment and a 2-(4-pyridine) terephthalic acid segment, and 2-(4-pyridine) terephthalic acid segments of different polyester segments are coordinated by metal ions (Ag+, Fe2+, Cu2+ or Ni2). The molar ratio of the terephthalic acid segment to the 2-(4-pyridine) terephthalic acid segment is 1:(0.03-0.05). The N atom on the pyridine of the 2-(4-pyridine) terephthalic acid segment is involved in coordination.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin including a structural unit of formula (1): wherein A1 to A8 are each independently ?CH— or ?N—, and at least one of A1 to A8 is ?N—. R1 to R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or the like. At least two adjacent groups out of R1 to R8 are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring. R9 and R10 are each independently a direct bond or an optionally substituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. X is an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, or an optionally substituted amino group, and n is an integer of 1 to 5. A retardation film, a circularly polarizing plate containing the thermoplastic resin are disclosed.

Abstract: Example implementations include an insulated wire and a preparation method thereof, a coil and an electronic/electrical device. A bonding layer containing PEEK nano-powder is arranged between a conductor and a PEEK resin insulating layer, and a bonding agent for forming the bonding layer contains organic solvent, polyamide-imide resin and PEEK nano-powder material which are mixed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel composite film configured for CO2 sensing, and the method of making and using the novel composite film. The novel composite film comprises a carbon nanotube film and a CO2 absorbing layer deposited on the carbon nanotube film, wherein the CO2 absorbing layer comprises a mixture of a branched polyethylenimine, a polyethylene glycol, and poly[1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate] of formula I: wherein n ranges from 10-300.

Abstract: A window substrate for protecting an electronic display device, the window substrate includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; and an interlayer having opposed sides disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, with one side of the interlayer being in contact with the first substrate, and the other side of the interlayer being in contact with the second substrate, wherein the first substrate has a first thickness, the second substrate has a second thickness, and the interlayer has a third thickness, and wherein the sum of the first thickness, the second thickness, and the third thickness is about 190 ?m or less.

Abstract: An embodiment can provide a polyamide-imide film, which has particular punching properties, is colorless and transparent and has excellent mechanical properties and optical properties, and a method for preparing same. The polyamide-imide film comprises a polyamide-imide polymer, which is formed by means of polymerizing an aromatic diamine compound, an aromatic dianhydride compound and a dicarbonyl compound, and satisfies the condition of general formula (1) below. General formula (1) 4?X/Y?12 X: the maximum hole diameter (mm) comprising cracks when the film is punched at 10 mm/min using a 2.5 mm spherical tip by means of a UTM compression mode Y: the modulus (GPa) of the film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agricultural film (AF) comprising at least one copolyamide, wherein the copolyamide has been prepared by polymerizing at least one lactam and a monomer mixture (M). The present invention further relates to a process for producing the agricultural film (AF) and to the use of the agricultural film (AF) as mulch film, as silage film, as greenhouse film or as silo film.

Abstract: Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

Abstract: A polyarylene sulfide copolymer has a glass transition temperature of 95° C. or higher and 190° C. or lower and has a melting point of 300° C. or lower or does not have a melting point, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and the copolymer containing as a structural unit arylene sulfide units having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1,000 or more and 10,000 or less. The polyarylene sulfide copolymer can be provided with high physical stability such as in rigidity at high temperature and excellent moldability and chemical resistance.

Abstract: An embodiment can provide a polyamide-imide film and a method for producing same, the film comprising a polyamide-imide polymer formed by polymerizing an aromatic diamine compound, an aromatic dianhydride compound and a dicarbonyl compound, wherein, in an XRD graph with a section in which 2?=8° to 32° as a baseline, the film shows a peak area of 50% or above around 2?=23° with respect to a peak area seen around 2?=15°.

Abstract: One embodiment may provide a polyamide-imide film which is colorless and transparent while having an adequate level of solubility and excellent mechanical properties, the polyamide-imide film comprising a polyamide-imide polymer formed by polymerizing an aromatic diamine compound, an aromatic dianhydride compound and a dicarbonyl compound, wherein, for a square cross-section of 1 cm×1 cm and a thickness of 30 um to 100 mm, the polyamide-imide film has a dissolution time of 5-60 minutes in 10 ml of dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and for a thickness of 50 mm, the polyamide-imide film has a yellowness of at most 5, a haze of at most 2%, a permeability of at least 85% and a modulus of at least 5.0 GPa.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a variety of entities, methods, and systems for annotating data in a data stream. Annotation concepts may be applied to individual data items within a stream, data windows within the stream, an entire stream, and/or a portion of a stream that may include several items and windows. Annotation concepts may be based on data received from other entities and may be performed automatically or in response to an annotation request received from an entity.

Abstract: The polyimide resin precursor in the present embodiment is a polyimide resin precursor obtained by allowing a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid anhydride component to react with each other, wherein based on the whole of the diamine component, the content of p-phenylenediamine is 75 mol % or more; the tetracarboxylic acid anhydride component includes an ester-containing tetracarboxylic acid anhydride represented by formula (1), and at least one biphenyltetracarboxylic acid anhydride selected from the group consisting of 3,4,3?,4?-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,3?,4?-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 2,3,2?,3?-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; and based on the whole of the tetracarboxylic acid anhydride component, (i) the total of the content of the ester-containing tetracarboxylic acid anhydride and the content of the biphenyltetracarboxylic acid anhydride is 75 mol % or more, and (ii) the content of the ester-containing tetracarboxylic acid anhydride is 15 to 80 mo

Abstract: A tetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is a compound represented by the following general formula (1): [in the formula (1), A represents a divalent aromatic group in which the number of carbon atoms forming an aromatic ring is 6 to 30 or the like, and multiple R1s each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like].

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyester resin which is based on at least one fatty acid, with zero oil length (0%) or an oil length of between 0 and 35%, with a weight ratio of oxidizable fatty acids (monoacids), relative to the overall fatty acids, of 0 or greater than 0 and ranging up to 1, and which is based on an acid component comprising, in addition to the fatty acid, from 30% to 85% by weight, relative to the total weight of said resin, of rosin and/or of derivatives thereof bearing at least one carboxylic acid function.

Abstract: Novel thermosetting resin composition is provided. A thermosetting resin composition containing a polymer having a repeating structural unit of the following Formula (1-a): (wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group, phenyl group, or a C3-6 cyclic alkyl group, X is a single bond or a divalent organic group, and Y is a divalent organic group), and a terminal structure of the following Formula (1-b): (wherein Q is a C1-5 alkylene group, phenylene group in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a halogen atom, or a 5- or 6-membered divalent saturated heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group).

Abstract: A coating process for electrical steel sheets using a varnish composition includes: a) applying a varnish composition coating layer onto the surface of an electrical steel sheet. The varnish composition comprises (A) about 1 to about 95 wt % of a resin comprising nucleophilic groups chosen from OH, NHR, SH, carboxylate and CH-acidic groups, and electrophilic groups which can react with the nucleophilic groups, wherein the resin is capable of transacylation in its main chain and/or side chain(s), (B) about 5 to about 75 wt % of an organic solvent and/or water, (C) 0 to about 40 wt % of a resin different from (A), (D) 0 to about 10 wt % of a customary additive, (E) 0 to about 40 wt % of a pigment, filler and/or nano-scaled particle and/or monomeric and/or polymeric element-organic compound, wherein the wt % is based on the total weight of the varnish composition; b) curing the applied coating layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyester resin which is based on at least one fatty acid, with a zero oil length (0%) or an oil length of between 0 and 35%, with a weight ratio of oxidizable fatty acids (monoacids), relative to the overall fatty acids, of 0 or greater than 0 and ranging up to 1, and which is based on an acid component comprising, in addition to said fatty acid, from 30% to 85% by weight, relative to the total weight of said resin, of rosin and/or of derivatives thereof bearing at least one carboxylic acid function.

Abstract: There is provided novel thermosetting resin composition. A thermosetting resin composition comprising a polymer having at least one structural unit of the following Formula (1): {wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 alkyl group, X is a single bond or a divalent organic group, and Y is an arylene group of the following Formula (2): (wherein Z1 is a carbonyl group or a —CONH— group, Z2 is a C1-5 alkylene group or a 5- or 6-membered divalent saturated heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom, and Z3 is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing two nitrogen atoms in which at least one of hydrogen atoms may be substituted by a C1-5 alkyl group)}.

Abstract: Disclosed is a porous membrane comprising a cellulosic material and a copolymer of the formula: A-B-A (I) or A-B (II), wherein block A, for example, polyglycerol, a polymer of allyl glycidyl ether, or a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether, or a polymer of allyl glycidyl ether or a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether wherein one or more allyl groups having been replaced by hydrophilic groups. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such a membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrophilic porous membrane comprising a block copolymer of the formula: A-B-A (I) or A-B (II), wherein block A is (i) a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether, the copolymer having one or more allyl groups; or (ii) a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether, wherein one or more of the allyl groups of the copolymer have been replaced with 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group or a group of the formula: —(CH2)a—S—(CH2)b—X, wherein a, b, and X are as defined herein, and block B is an aromatic hydrophobic polymeric segment, for example, polyethersulfone. Also disclosure is a method of preparing such porous membranes.

Abstract: Disclosed are block copolymers suitable for preparing hydrophilic porous membranes, wherein the block copolymers are of the formula: A-B-A (I) and A-B (II), wherein block A is (i) a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether, the copolymer having one or more allyl groups; or (ii) a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether, wherein one or more of the allyl groups of the copolymer have been replaced with 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group or a group of the formula: —(CH2)a—S—(CH2)b—X, wherein a, b, and X are as defined herein, and block B is an aromatic hydrophobic polymeric segment, for example, polyethersulfone. Also disclosed is a method of preparing such block copolymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are crosslinked porous membranes comprising a cellulosic material and an aromatic hydrophobic moiety or a copolymer of the formula A-B-A (I) or A-B (II), wherein block A, for example, polyglycerol, a polymer of allylglycidyl ether, or a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether, or a polymer of allyl glycidyl ether or a copolymer of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether wherein one or more allyl groups having been replaced by hydrophilic groups. Block B is an aromatic hydrophobic moiety. An example of the aromatic hydrophobic moiety is polyethersulfone. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such membranes.

Abstract: A method for releasing viruses includes the steps of: preparing a first negatively charged complex, comprising a plurality of viruses, a plurality of polyethyleneimine particles, and a copolymer; transferring the complex to an acidic region, thereby transforming the complex into a positively charged complex to release a portion of the viruses in the acidic region; and transferring the complex to a non-acidic region, thereby transforming the positively charged complex into a negatively charged complex. One embodiment of the copolymer has the following chemical formula: wherein R1 represents aliphatic compounds or aromatic compounds, and R2 includes at least one negatively charged group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for concentrated PUFA oil, characterized in that alcoholysis reaction using lipase is carried out in the presence of a small amount of water and at least one compound as an additive selected from magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, and then separation is conducted to obtain a glyceride fraction.

Abstract: Movable partition systems include a movable partition, a soffit positioned along an edge of a track, and a molding member engaged with the soffit opposite the track. The molding member is at least partially abutted against a wall and configured to be adjusted laterally relative to the soffit. Methods of installing a movable partition system include suspending a track from a support member, inserting an end of a soffit between first and second ends of a molding member, and coupling the soffit to an edge of the track or a wall of a header structure. Methods of forming a header structure for a movable partition include disposing a track for a movable partition at least partially in a header recess of a header structure, engaging a molding member with a soffit, and coupling the soffit with the track and between the track and a wall of the header structure.

Abstract: A facile synthesis of amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers consisting of poly(amic acid) and polyimide was developed via “A2+B3” approach from difunctional anhydride and trifunctional hydrophilic poly(oxyalkylene)triamine. Various amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(amic acid)s (HBPAAs) with terminal amine functionalities and amic acid structures were prepared through ring-opening polyaddition at room temperature, followed by thermal imidization process for the formation of hyperbranched polyimides (HBPIs), accordingly. The resulting HBPIs were analyzed by GPC, indicating the molecule weights of 5000˜7000 g/mol with a distribution of polydispersity between 2.0 and 3.8. The amine titration for HBPIs indicated the peripheral total-amine contents to be 8.32˜18.32 mequiv/g dependent on compositions.

Abstract: A polyimide demonstrates low coefficient of hygroscopic expansion and low water absorption coefficient when used as an insulation film. The polyimide is derived from a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing ester group expressed by the general formula below, and a polyester imide precursor: wherein R is independent and represents a straight or branched-chain alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or straight or branched-chain alkoxyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 0 to 4, and m is an integer of 2 to 4, but wherein, if m =2, n is an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: An amorphous copolyester comprising the reaction product of: (a) a monomer of formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, and R5 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-3 alkyl group, a is 0-1, b is 0-4, c is 0-4 and d is 0-3, and each R4 is independently hydrogen or a C1-3 alkyl group; (b) a virgin monomer selected from terephthalic acid, a di(C1-3 alkyl) terephthalate, and combinations thereof, and (c) 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol; wherein the residue of monomer (a) is present in an amount from 7 to less than 12 mole % of the copolyester based on moles of repeat units in the polyester; and the copolyester has a glass transition temperature of at least 107° C., an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.7 dl/g, and a molded sample has a Notched Izod value of at least 290 J/m determined in accordance with ASTM D256.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel optionally quaternized or protonated condensation polymers having at least one heterocyclic end-group connected to the polymer backbone through a unit derived from an alkylamide, the connection comprising an optionally substituted ethylene group and to the use thereof in body care products and household products.

Abstract: In a first aspect, organic coating compositions are provided, particularly spin-on antireflective coating compositions, that contain a polyester resin component. In a further aspect, coating compositions are provided that contain a resin component obtained by polymerization of a multi-hydroxy compound. Coating compositions of the invention are particularly useful employed in combination with an overcoated photoresist layer to manufacture integrated circuits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of poly(amino oxalate) (PAOX) using oxalyl chloride, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and piperazinediethanol, the preparation of biodegradable polymer particles using the PAOX, and the use of PAOX particles as a drug delivery vehicle. The PAOX according to the present invention is a polymer that has three characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cationic properties at the same time with appropriate hydrophobicity and thus can be prepared as particles that allow rapid drug release. Moreover, the particles improve the delivery efficiency of a drug into cells and thus can be efficiently used as a drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases such as acute liver failure and acute lung injury.

Abstract: A copolyester comprising repeating units derived from an aliphatic glycol, naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid, and the monomer of formula (I) wherein n=2, 3 or 4, and films, fibres, moulding compositions and moulded articles made therefrom.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is provided that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The photoactive layer includes a photoactive polymer containing a first monomer repeat unit, which contains a moiety of formula (1): in which A and R are defined in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The disclosed compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The disclosed compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The disclosed compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The disclosed compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer for the photoalignment of liquid crystals comprising a photoreactive group as given below in formula (I), compositions thereof, and its use for optical and electro optical devices, especially liquid crystal devices (LCDs).

Abstract: A method for preventing the formation of gas hydrates in an aqueous phase by adding esters of pyroglutamic acid in the quantities of from 0.01 to 2% by weight. The esters of pyroglutamic acid produced by esterifying at least one alcohols, comprising from 1 to 100 hydroxyl groups with pyroglutamic acid and/or glutamic acid, wherein the alcohol has no more than one ester group or no more than one carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a pair of field generating electrodes disposed on the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy; and at least one alignment layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the alignment layer includes a main chain and at least one side chain connected to the main chain, and the side chain includes a vertical functional group or a polar group.

Abstract: A method for releasing viruses includes the steps of: preparing a first negatively charged complex, comprising a plurality of viruses, a plurality of polyethyleneimine particles, and a copolymer; transferring the complex to an acidic region, thereby transforming the complex into a positively charged complex to release a portion of the viruses in the acidic region; and transferring the complex to a non-acidic region, thereby transforming the positively charged complex into a negatively charged complex. One embodiment of the copolymer has the following chemical formula: wherein R1 represents aliphatic compounds or aromatic compounds, and R2 includes at least one negatively charged group.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells with thiazole-containing polymers, as well as related components, systems, and methods, are disclosed.

Abstract: In a curable composition that contains at least one polymer having at least one terminal group of the general formula (I)-An-R—SiXYZ (I), at least one cyclic compound that contains at least one structural motif of formula (II) as a constituent of the ring structure; and at least one cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester in which the alkyl residues of the ester groups each, mutually independently, contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The curable composition can be used as an adhesive, sealant, and/or coating material. A combination of a cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, in which the alkyl residues of the ester groups each, mutually independently, contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a cyclic compound that contains at least one structural motif of the general formula (II) as a constituent of the ring structure, as a plasticizer/curing catalyst system in curable compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kind of biodegradable polyester and its preparation method, which belongs to the field of biodegradable co-polyester product technology. The number-average molecular weight of the biodegradable polyester material under this invention is 6000-135000 g/mol, the molecular weight distribution is 1.2-6.5, and the range of crystallization temperature is 15° C.-105° C., which could overcome the disadvantages of existing technical products and can be processed into membrane materials, sheet materials and foam materials. During processing, the picking property will be dramatically changed with the appearance quality improved; after heat resistance is improved, this new type of polyester material could also be applied to the processing course with long cycles, for example, the injection processing course, and the biodegradable aliphatic/aromatic polyester materials provided by this invention has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: Rigid-rod copolymer compositions incorporating PBO (poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole)), DiOH-PBO (poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylenebenzobisoxazole), DiOH-PBI (poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylenebenzobisimidazole)), DiOH-PyBI (poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylenepyridobisimidazole), PBZT (poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole)) and its corresponding dihydroxy analogues attached to a flexibilizing hexafluoroisopropylidene linkage are described. Also described are their fabrication into fibers by a dry jet wet spinning technique and the measured fiber mechanical properties. The copolymer compositions are highly flame-resistant and have potential utility for fire-protective clothing.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention describes biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (BPLP) compositions. In some embodiments, an aliphatic biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (BPLP) composition comprises a degradable oligomer, wherein the oligomer is synthesized from a diol, an amino acid, and a biocompatible multifunctional carboxylic acid comprising a hydroxyl group. The amino acid is linked as a side group to the degradable oligomer backbone, and fluorescence emanates from a 6-membered ring formed by a carboxylic acid group of the amino acid, an alpha carbon of the amino acid, an amide linkage formed by an amino group of the amino acid, and a central carbon of the multifunctional carboxylic acid via an esterification reaction of the carboxylic acid group of the amino acid and the hydroxyl group of the multifunctional carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Cyanurate compositions are provided that are particularly useful as a reagent to form a resin component of a coating composition underlying an overcoated photoresist. Preferred isocyanurates compound comprise substitution of multiple cyanurate nitrogen ring atoms by at least two distinct carboxy and/or carboxy ester groups.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are process for preparing cyclic esters comprising unsaturated functional groups. Also disclosed are copolymers prepared from the cyclic esters. The copolymers can be used to form microparticles, polymer micelles, etc., which are useful in drug delivery applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester resin prepared by adding an anti-hydrolysis agent to a reactant comprising an acid selected from an alkylester of aromatic dibasic acid or a mixture of an alkylester of aromatic dibasic acid and an alkylester of aliphatic dibasic acid, an aromatic diol and an aliphatic diol; and a toner produced by using the same as a binder resin.

Abstract: An insulated wire including a conductor, and an insulating film formed by coating and baking an insulating varnish on the conductor directly or via another insulation layer. The insulating varnish includes a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing polyimide resin represented by a chemical formula (1): where X is a tetravalent aromatic group composing an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue, Y1 is a divalent aromatic group including one or more phenolic hydroxyl groups and Y2 is a divalent aromatic group not including a phenolic hydroxyl group A ratio of the number Z1 of phenolic hydroxyl groups included in Y1 of the chemical formula (1) to the number Z2 of an imide group included in the chemical formula (1) is 0.15?Z1/Z2?0.85.

Abstract: The present teachings include ratiometric combinatorial drug delivery including nanoparticles, multi-drug conjugates, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of producing such compositions and methods of using such compositions, including in the treatment of diseases and conditions using drug combinations.