Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a process for modifying a polyamide polymer comprising contacting a reactive modifier with diamine/diacid salt and/or an amino-acid of a hydrolyzed lactam or lactam to form a modified polyamide. A second embodiment of the present invention is a process for modifying a polyamide polymer comprising contacting a reactive modifier with diamine then contacting the resulting modified diamine with diacid and/or lactam to form a modified polyamide.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a succinimide copolymer by the catalytic co-polymerization of aspartic acid with a selected polyfunctional monomer in the presence of a cyclic carbonate solvent. Succinimide copolymers of relatively high weight average molecular weight and high purity can be produced in relatively high yields while employing a relatively low catalyst loading.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and device for producing high-viscosity or highly stabilized, reaction-stable polyamides, in particular polyamide 6, with reactive amino end groups of less than 50 &mgr;eq/g and for continuously demonomerizing polyamides. The object of the invention is to produce simply, reliably and economically a high-viscosity or highly stabilized reaction-stable polyamide, in particular polyamide 6, and if necessary to carry out continuous demonomerization. According to the invention, the molten polyamide is brought into intimate contact, or intimately mixed with preheated nitrogen in a reaction system in at least one stage and a specific dwell time is set for the melt in a liquid phase. During the production of polyamide 6, expelled lactam is processed and fed to a polymerization reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of new type of diamine monomer, 1,3-bis(4-amonophenoxy)naphthalene, and with such a compound to produce a series of aromatic polymers, including polyamide, polyimide, copoly(amide-imide)s, etc., such polymers having excellent resistance to heat and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compounds containing polymeric bis-succinimide polysulfides of the formula: wherein R is selected from the group consisting of phenylene and xylylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting hydrogen and alkyls having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; x is an integer of from 2 to 8 and y is an integer of from 2 to 10.

Abstract: A novel compound of N-substituted aromatic polyamide is prepared by introducing an aralkyl group to the N-position of an aromatic polyamide by metalizing the aromatic polyamide, then reacting the metalized polyamide with an aralkyl halide.

Abstract: Polyamides and process for their preparation comprising eitherA) epoxidizing an unsaturated or partially hydrogenated fatty acid glyceride;B) transesterifying the epoxidized glyceride with a C.sub.1-4 alkanol to obtain epoxidized fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters;C) ring opening and dimerizing the epoxidized fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters; andD) reacting the dimerized fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters with a polyamine to obtain a polyamide; orA) transesterifying an unsaturated or partially hydrogenated glyceride with a C.sub.14 alkanol to obtain olefinically unsaturated fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters;B) epoxidizing the unsaturated fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters;C) ring opening and dimerizing the epoxidized fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters; andD) reacting the dimerized fatty acid C.sub.1-4 alkyl esters with a polyamine to obtain a polyamide.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a tetravalent organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is a trivalent or tetravalent organic group having one or more aromatic rings; R.sup.3 is a monovalent organic group; A is a monovalent group showing acidity; and n is an integer of 1 or 2, is effective for preparing a highly sensitive negative-working photosensitive material developable with an alkaline aqueous solution in a short time with high resolution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a golf ball, comprising a cover, a core and optional intermediate layers, wherein the various ball components are formed from compositions comprising a polyamide, in the form of a homopolymer, a copolymer or mixtures thereof. The compositions include a blend of about 1 wt. % to about 99 wt. % of at least one sulfonated and/or phosphonated polymer and about 99 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of at least one polyamide polymer. The polyamides of the present invention comprise polyamides and polyamide copolymers, such as polyamide block copolymers. The sulfonated and/or phosphonated polymer preferably comprises sulfonated thermoplastic elastomers, sulfonated thermoplastic polymers, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition that includes a polyetherimide resin and a phosphorus-containing stabilizer that exhibits a low volatility. The thermoplastic resin composition exhibits improved melt stability and improved resistance to thermal degradation.

Abstract: Polyimide precursor solutions comprise an organic liquid and the reaction product of an aromatic dianhydride and an aromatic diaminobenzoxazole capped, on at least one terminal end, with a bifunctional chain extender. The bifunctional chain extender has one functional group reactive with the amine of the aromatic diaminobenzoxazole or the anhydride of the aromatic dianhydride and another functional group which does not form amic acid linkages, but which is capable of further reaction to increase the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor under conditions other than those used to react the aromatic diamine and aromatic dianhydride to form the polyimide precursor. These polyimide precursors can be converted into polyimidebenzoxazole polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compounds containing polymeric bis-succinimide polysulfides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of phenylene and xylylene; R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting hydrogen and alkyls having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; x is an integer of from 2 to 8 and y is an integer of from 2 to 10.

Abstract: A polymaleimide resin composition is herein disclosed which comprises an aromatic amino resin, a polymaleimide resin and a bifunctional crosslinking agent as components, and the bifunctional crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic diamine compound, a 2,4-diamino-S-triazine compound, a diisocyanate compound, an aliphatic diamine compound and a bismaleimide compound; and a laminate plate for a semiconductor substrate in which the polymaleimide resin composition is used is also disclosed. The thermosetting resin composition permits the preparation of prepregs and green sheets having excellent flexibility, so that the workability and the productivity of the laminate plates can remarkably be improved.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a succinimide copolymer by the catalytic co-polymerization of aspartic acid with a selected polyfunctional monomer in the presence of a cyclic carbonate solvent. Succinimide copolymers of relatively high weight average molecular weight and high purity can be produced in relatively high yields while employing a relatively low catalyst loading.

Abstract: The use of sulfonate-bearing polyamides which are obtainable fromA.sub.1) from 20 to 99 mol % of a monoaminocarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 C atoms or its lactam,A.sub.2) from 0.5 to 40 mol % of a diamine having 2 to 18 C atoms,A.sub.3) from 0.5 to 25 mol % of a sulfonate-bearing dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 C atoms, andA.sub.4) from 0 to 35 mol % of a further dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 16 C atoms,as film-forming agents in hairsetting compositions is described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic polyamide pulp having both excellent physical properties and a high degree of polymerization by continuous polymerization and orientation by using of mixed solutions. The solutions are prepared by reacting diamine with aromatic diacid dichloride in an amide and/or urea-based polymerization solvent containing inorganic salts, or a mixture of inorganic salts and a Lewis acid compound. The process can be practiced by polymerization-orientation apparatus located on the continuous transferable polymerization-orientation means comprised of a belt and one or more stirring bars.

Abstract: Low-flammability polyamide molding materials are obtained by admixing calcium or aluminum phosphinates. These salts confer improved flame protection on polyamides compared with other metal salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aromatic polyamide pulp and its preparing process which has both excellent physical properties and high degree of polymerization wherein aromatic diamine is reacted with aromatic diacid chloride in amides and/or urea-based polymerization solvent containing inorganic salts and/or a little of Lewis acid compound. The present invention can easily provide the pulp of high polymerization degree and high orientation by stirrer in the continuous transferable polymerization-orientation-gelation apparatus within a short time without use of a tertiary amine affecting human body and without regard to isotropic or anisotropic, and continuous or uncontinuous ejection.

Abstract: A flame-retardant polyamide that is the polycondensation product of at least one dicarboxylic acid, at least one diamine and a flame-retarding carboxyphosphinic acid monomer, said polyamide comprising between about 0.10% and about 1.0% by weight of phosphorous. The polyamide can be formed into fibers for further fabrication into flame-retardant articles and textiles or directly molded or extruded into shaped articles.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic melanins of different colors produced by procedures involving oxidative polymerization of monomeric precursors of melanin and/or co-monomers that enhance substantivity or adherence of the melanins to the skin and hair. Also disclosed are methods for preparing cosmetic melanins and methods for using these compositions topically to produce a natural-appearing tan and to prevent damage to skin caused by UV exposure.

Abstract: Polyimide precursor solutions comprise an organic liquid and the reaction product of an aromatic dianhydride and an aromatic diaminobenzoxazole capped, on at least one terminal end, with a bifunctional chain extender. The bifunctional chain extender has one functional group reactive with the amine of the aromatic diaminobenzoxazole or the anhydride of the aromatic dianhydride and another functional group which does not form amic acid linkages, but which is capable of further reaction to increase the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor under conditions other than those used to react the aromatic diamine and aromatic dianhydride to form the polyimide precursor. These polyimide precursors can be converted into polyimidebenzoxazole polymers.

Abstract: Bisperfluoroalkyl-substituted diols containing sulfide, sulfone or polysulfide linkages and a method for making them are described. These diols can react with isocyanates to form urethanes; diisocyanates to form polyturethanes; chloroformates to form carbonates; with carboxylic, sulfuric or phosphoric acids or derivatives to form carboxylate esters, sulfate esters, phosphate esters respectively. These diol compounds and their derivatives are useful for imparting oil and water repellency to substrates such as glass, wood, paper, leather, wool, cotton, polyester and other substrates.

Abstract: There is provided a spun yarn of a polybenzazole fiber having a single fiber fineness of 1 to 3 deniers and an average fiber length of 30 to 200 mm, the spun yarn having a tenacity of 15 g/d or higher and satisfying the following relationship:10.0.ltoreq.K.multidot.(L).sup.1/3 .ltoreq.15.0 (1)where K is the twist constant expressed by T/(Ne).sup.1/2 and L is the average fiber length in millimeter, and where T is the number of twist per inch and Ne is the British cotton count of the spun yarn. The spun yarn can be used for various purposes because it has high tenacity, high heat resistance, high flame retardance, good feeling, and good appearance.

Abstract: Macrocyclic oligomer mixtures, particularly polyimide oligomer mixtures, are prepared by the treatment of a dihalo-substituted organic compound or the like under reducing conditions, preferably by a complex of a zerovalent Group VIII metal. Cyclization takes place by reductive dehalogenation.

Abstract: Polysulfoneimide oligomers having crosslinking end cap moleties which provide improved solvent-resistance to cured composites are generally represented by backbones of the formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## n=1 or 2; R and R' are divalent aromatic organic radicals having from 2-20 carbon atoms; ##STR3## E=allyl or methallyl; R=a trivalent C.sub.(6-13) aromatic organic radical;R.sub.1 =any of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, or substituted aryl;R'=a divalent C.sub.(6-30) aromatic organic radical;j=0, 1, or 2; andG=--CH.sub.2 --, --O--, --S--, or --SO.sub.2 --The crosslinkable oligomers are made by reacting substituted phthalic anhydrides with hydroxyaryl amines and suitable crosslinking end cap reactants, or by self-condensation of phthalimide salts followed by capping the polymers.

Abstract: Crimped polybenzazole staple fibers which satisfy the following specifications at the same time:(1) 2.ltoreq.number of crimps (number/inch).ltoreq.40(2) 2.ltoreq.crimp index (%).ltoreq.30(3) 0.3.ltoreq.crimp index/number of crimps.ltoreq.3.0; methods for manufacturing crimped polybenzazole staple fibers; and the rotary cutter therefor. The crimped polybenzazole staple fibers of the present invention are superior in crimp property and are useful for manufacturing spun yarn and unwoven fabric. According to the method of the present invention, crimped polybenzazole staple fibers superior in spinnability can be manufactured with ease. In addition, the cutting blade of the present invention stands a long time use for manufacturing staple fibers from a continuous filaments tow of high tenacity fibers.

Abstract: A composition of matter having nonlinear optical activity and the method of preparing the same of the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein the benzene nuclei may be substituted and wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of:a hydrogen atom;an aliphatic radical;a cycloaliphatic radical;an arylaliphatic radical;an aryl group;a linkage to a polymer backbone; anda polymer backbone; or--R.sub.1 R.sub.2 -- forms a heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: A new class of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers comprises monomers units I, II, III, and IV, where ##STR1## Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2,6-naphthylene, 2,7-naphthylene, 4,4'-biphenylene, bis-aryl moieties having the formula ##STR2## and mixtures thereof. In the bis-aryl moieties, each X can be S, O, CO, SO, SO.sub.2, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or C(CF.sub.3).sub.2.

Abstract: A moldable and/or extrudable polymer which is useful for the manufacture of surgical devices such as sutures, staples, clips, etc., possesses structural units derived from a cyclic amide monomer containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen in the ring.

Abstract: The present invention is an oligomer represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## where each Y is independently S, O, CH.sub.2, C.dbd.O, CH.sub.3 --C--CH.sub.3, O.dbd.S.dbd.O, or CF.sub.3 --C--CF.sub.3.In another aspect, the present invention is a polymer of the above-described oligomer.

Abstract: Resins are prepared by polymerization of compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is a divalent linking group. Blends of a compound of the formula (I) as defined above and a bis-maleimide of the formula: ##STR2## where Ar' is an aromatic linking group.

Abstract: A moldable and/or extrudable polymer which is useful for the manufacture of surgical devices such as sutures, staples, clips, etc., possesses structural units derived from a cyclic amide monomer containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen in the ring.

Abstract: A new method for preparing commercially valuable polymeric ketones is described. The method employs an .alpha.-amiononitrile as a monomeric unit whereby an amorphous, soluble polymer having protected carbonyl moiety is obtained. Upon deprotecting the carbonyl moiety, a crystalline polymeric ketone is obtained. The method allows production of polymeric ketone materials having aromatic, aliphatic or mixed aromatic/aliphatic backbones.

Abstract: Polymers of maleic acid may be prepared by thermally polymerizing malic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid with less than one equivalent of ammonia. The polymers are modified by the incorporation of amines, carboxylic acids or combinations thereof. The polymers formed are excellent inhibitors of alkaline earth salt deposition, dispersants, tartar control additives, detergent additives, and water treatment agents.

Abstract: Mixtures of salts of organic carboxylic acids and organic compounds of non-salt character, dissolved in a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanol, can be concentrated or separated with a semipermeable membrane made from a copolyamide or copolyimide-amide which contains (a) a first aromatic diamine radical and (b) a second aromatic diamine radical which carries --SO.sub.3 M groups, where M is H.sup..sym., a monovalent to polyvalent metal cation or an ammonium cation. Provided the first diamine radical contains C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups in the o-positions to the amino groups, the copolymers are radiation-sensitive and can be used for producing protective layers or relief images, development being carded out in an aqueous alkaline medium.

Abstract: Polyamides and polyamide fibers having a major proportion of hexamethyleneadipamide units and minor proportions of at least two other amide units, one of those other amide units being those of 2-methylpentamethylenediamine are disclosed.

Abstract: Bis-N-aminoimides of formula (III): ##STR1## wherein m is 0 or 1 and ##STR2## is a mono- or polycyclic aromatic radical, can be employed to produce a variety of polymers of the type produced from diamines, including polyimides having an N--N linkage; polymers can be produced having exceptionally high glass transition temperatures, but which are also soluble in organic solvents; colored polymers and electroconductive polymers and photoconductive polymers can also be produced.

Abstract: Process for the ring opening polymerization of lactams to higher molecular weight polyamide polymers utilizing non-ionic polymerization catalyst base with a pKa of equal to or greater than 30, particularly certain strong, nitrogen and phosphorus containing non-ionic bases.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing more than one vicinal epoxide group per molecule and at least one thiadiazole, oxadiazole or both thiadiazole and oxadiazole moiety per molecule are disclosed, as well as curable and cured compositions thereof. Certain of these epoxy resins possess enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. These enantiotropic epoxy resins are useful in preparing copolymers with high glass transition temperatures and liquid crystalline morphology, which can result in enhanced unidirectional mechanical properties. These epoxy resins are useful in coating, casting, encapsulation, electronic or structural laminate or composite, filament winding or molding applications.

Abstract: The synthesis of a nonlinear chromophoric co-monomer 3,5-diamino-4'-nitrodiphenylamine and use as a reactive component in combination with a bismaleimide monomer in a NLO-active polyimide matrix is disclosed. After concurrent corona or contact poling and thermal polymerization, thin films of these chromophoric polyimides exhibit high second harmonic generation efficiencies and high DSC-determined glass transition temperatures. These poled polyimides also exhibit excellent SHG temporal stability, retaining 85-90% of the initial second harmonic efficiency after more than one month in air at 85.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for making PBZ fibers of ultra-high physical properties is given. Polybenzoxazole fibers made by the process of this invention have tensile strengths nearly double in value from what has been reported previously.

Abstract: A moldable and/or extrudable polymer which is useful for the manufacture of surgical devices such as sutures, staples, clips, etc., possesses structural units derived from a cyclic amide monomer containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen in the ring.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyester-imide prepared from a condensation polymerization of aromatic diacid, diimide diacid, and diol, having a carboxy to hydroxy equivalent molar ratio of 0.9:1 to 1.1:1. The disclosed polyester-imide has outstanding heat-resistance, remarkable filming ability, and high solubility in both phenol series and amide series solvents.

Abstract: A new method for preparing commercially valuable polymeric ketones is described. The method employs an .alpha.-amiononitrile as a monomeric unit whereby an amorphous, soluble polymer having protected carbonyl moiety is obtained. Upon deprotecting the carbonyl moiety, a crystalline polymeric ketone is obtained. The method allows production of polymeric ketone materials having aromatic, aliphatic or mixed aromatic/aliphatic backbones.

Abstract: A composition comprising a 1,2-dialkylidenecyclobutane such as 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane, a polyimide such as a bismaleimide, an epoxy resin and a curing agent for the epoxy resin can be thermally cured to a tough polymer blend having a high glass transition temperature.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin is comprised of (a) a bisimide, particularly a bismaleimide, (b) a reactive brominated aromatic compound, particularly a member of the group consisting of group consisting of tribromophenyl maleimide, tribromostyrene, and pentabromobenzyl acrylate; and(c) a multifunctional nitrogen compound, particularly dicyandiamide, and optionally(d) ethylene bistetrabromophthalimide.

Abstract: Mixtures of salts of organic carboxylic acids and organic compounds of non-salt character, dissolved in a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanol, can be concentrated or separated with a semipermeable membrane made from a copolyamide or copolyimide-amide which contains (a) a first aromatic diamine radical and (b) a second aromatic diamine radical which carries --SO.sub.3 M groups, where M is H.sup..sym., a monovalent to polyvalent metal cation or an ammonium cation. Provided the first diamine radical contains C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups in the o-positions to the amino groups, the copolymers are radiation-sensitive and can be used for producing protective layers or relief images, development being carried out in an aqueous alkaline medium.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer having a repeating unit of the formula (I), (II), or (III): ##STR1## where LG is a linking group and W is an oligomeric chain selected from the group consisting of polyether, a polythioether, a polyetherthioether, polycarbonyl, or polysulfonyl, or a copolymer thereof.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing more than one vicinal epoxide group per molecule and at least one thiadiazole, oxadiazole or both thiadiazole and oxadiazole moiety per molecule are disclosed, as well as curable and cured compositions thereof. Certain of these epoxy resins possess enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. These enantiotropic epoxy resins are useful in preparing copolymers with high glass transition temperatures and liquid crystalline morphology, which can result in enhanced unidirectional mechanical properties. These epoxy resins are useful in coating, casting, encapsulation, electronic or structural laminate or composite, filament winding or molding applications.