Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved composition of copolymer-1 comprising copolymer-1 substantially free of species having a molecular weight of over 40 kilodaltons.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of polysuccinimide, copolymers, derivatives and blends with additives thereof, using a supercritical fluid. Also disclosed are methods of isolating, compounding, stabilizing and processing the polysucciminide, its copolymers and derivatives.

Abstract: The invention concerns copolyamides obtained by using multifunctional monomers. It consists in using a multifunctional monomer comprising at least three reactive functions and at least another multifunctional monomer, in amounts such that the terminal group concentrations are balanced. The copolyamides are particularly high viscosity copolyamides. The invention also concerns compositions based on said copolyamides.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of polysuccinimide, copolymers and derivatives thereof: also disclosed are methods of forming derivatives by ring-opening initiation reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of polysuccinimide and a copoly(succinimide-aspartate) using a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: The invention concerns copolyamides obtained by using multifunctional monomers. It consists in using at least one multifunctional monomer comprising at least three reactive functions and at least another multifunctional monomer, in amounts such that the terminal group concentrations are balanced. The copolyamides are more particularly high viscosity copolyamides. The invention also concerns compositions based on said copolyamides.

Abstract: A process for producing alkali metal polymaleimide salts by alkaline hydrolysis of maleimide polymers prepared by polymerization of maleimide monomers in the presence of a metal oxide and alcohol initiator or a base. In particular, the process produces alkali metal polymaleimide salts with particular ratios of C—N and C—C connected maleimide-derived monomer units which are dependent on the particular initiator used to synthesize the maleimide polymer. The alkali metal polymaleimide salts, which have chelating and anti-scaling properties, are useful as chelating agents and detergent builders and as such are suitable biodegradable replacements for synthetic polymers and sodium polyaspartate.

Abstract: The invention relates to hyperbranched copolyamides (HBPAs), to their production and to their use as additives, in particular as melt viscosity modifiers in thermoplastic polymer compositions. This copolyamide is obtained by a reaction between a monomer (I): A—R—Bf with A and B=polymerization functions of a 1st and 2nd type, respectively, which are capable of reacting with each other, R=hydrocarbon-based species and f=total number of B per monomer (preferably 2?f?10); and a monomer (II) A?—R?—B? or the corresponding lactams, with A?, B? and R? having the same definition as that given above for A, B and R, respectively. This HBPA has a I/II molar ratio such that 0.125?I/II?2. One of the species R or R? of (I) or (II) is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic. For example: A=NH2 and B=COOH or A=COOH and B=NH2 with F=2. A?=NH2 and B?=COOH or A?=COOH and B?=NH2. A—R—B2, e.g.: 5-aminoisophthalic acid or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and A?—R?—B?=?-caprolactam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a randomly branched polyamide comprising at least units derived from: 1. AB monomers, 2. at least one compound I, being a carboxylic acid (Av) having a functionality v≧2 or an amine (Bw) having a functionality w≧2, 3. at least one compound II, being a carboxylic acid (Av) having a functionality v≧3 or an amine (Bw) having a functionality w≧3, compound II being a carboxylic acid if compound I is an amine or compound II being an amine if compound I is a carboxylic acid and the amounts of all units derived from carboxylic acids and amines in the polyamide satisfying conditions as mentioned in claim 1. The composition of the randomly branched polyamide is such that it cannot form a crosslinked polyamide (and thus no gels, either), in particular during the prepolymerization, the polymerization, the post-condensation, the processing and the storage of the randomly branched polyamide, and this at a variety of ambient factors, for instance at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A polymer comprising: a polymeric backbone comprising at least one unit having the structure (I), wherein R-R4 comprise groups selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C12 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 cycloalkyl or any of the group consisting of C1-C12 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 cycloalkyl substituted, within the carbon chain or appended thereto, with one or more heteroatoms; R and R2 or R and R4 or R and R1 or R2 and R3 may be joined so that with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached they together form a saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated ring system respectively, may have a pendent group which may incorporate a linker unit, (for example a peptide linkage) or a unit having the structure (I); A comprises a proton donating moiety selected from the group consisting of formula (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polyamide comprising at least a step in which a composition that comprises at least (a) a primary aminocarbonamide and (b) an aminocarboxylic acid and/or a lactam is polymerised, said composition comprising at least (a) 10-90 wt. % primary aminocarbonamide; (b) 10-90 wt. % aminocarboxylic acid and/or lactam; (c) 0-4 wt. % water; the amounts being relative to the sum of the compounds (a+b+c). Preferably the sum of the compounds (a+b+c) is at least 75 wt. % of the total composition, more preferably 85 wt. %, most preferably 90 wt. %. The polyamide obtained with the process has a &eegr;rel of more than 2.2. The process is eminently suitable for the preparation of polyamide-6 (polycapronamide) from a composition comprising 6-aminocapronamide, 6-aminocaproic acid and/or &egr;-caprolactam. This composition is preferably obtained via the reductive amination of a 5-formylyalerate ester, preferably 5-formylmethylvalerate in water.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolymers based on aspartic acid or its precursor molecules and methods of their production. The copolymers are water-soluble over a wide range of composition and molecular weight. Their preparation involves conversion of a polysuccinimide to copolymers of defined composition, containing aspartate and succinimide residues and/or residues of asparagine. In particular, the copolymers include water-soluble terpolymers of aspartate, asparagine, and succinimide.

Abstract: A series of initiators based on transition metal complexes for the polymerization of optically active beta-lactams into poly-beta-peptides and block copolymers have been developed. These initiators are unique in being able to eliminate chain transfer and chain termination side reactions from these polymerizations resulting in narrow molecular weight distributions, molecular weight control, and the ability to prepare copolymers of defined block sequence and composition.

Abstract: A process for producing a polysuccinimide (co)polymer derivative which permits the reaction of a polysuccinimide (co)polymer with a Lewis base in a wide temperature range (90° to 300° C.) without using a pH-adjusting agent is provided. The process for producing a polysuccinimide (co)polymer derivative of this invention comprises reacting a polysuccinimide (co)polymer with a Lewis base by heating in the presence of a solvent having a low boiling point and high relative permittivity.

Abstract: Alkoxylated, condensed basic amino acid-containing polymers comprising the addition products of alkylene oxides with homocondensates of basic amino acids, condensates of mixtures of two or more basic amino acids and cocondensates of basic amino acids and cocondensable compounds, and a process for the production of alkoxylated, condensed basic amino acid-containing polymers which comprises reacting homocondensates of basic amino acids, condensates of mixtures of two or more basic amino acids and cocondensates of basic amino acids and cocondensable compounds with at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of C2- and C30-alkylene oxides and styrene oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyaspartate mixtures containing a) 5 to 70 equiv. %, based on the total equivalents of aspartate groups, of a cyclic polyaspartate corresponding to the formula wherein X1 represents the residue obtained by removing the amino groups from a cyclic polyamine having a functionality of n, R1 and R2 are identical or different and represent organic groups which are inert to isocyanate groups at a temperature of 100° C. or less, R3 and R4 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or organic groups which are inert towards isocyanate groups at a temperature of 100° C. or less and n is 2 to 4, and b) 30 to 95 equiv.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyaspartates corresponding to the formula wherein X1 represents the residue obtained by removing the amino groups from a polyether polyamine having a functionality of n and a number average molecular weight of less than 600, wherein the amino groups are attached to primary carbon atoms and the ether groups are separated by at least two carbon atoms, R1 and R2 are identical or different and represent organic groups which are inert to isocyanate groups at a temperature of 100° C. or less, R3 and R4 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or organic groups which are inert towards isocyanate groups at a temperature of 100° C. or less and n is 2 to 4. The present invention also relates to polyureas prepared by reacting the polyaspartates and optionally other isocyanate-reactive compounds with polyisocyanates.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a new N-carboxyamino acid anhydride and polyamino acid using a simple process operation. The method for manufacturing N-carboxyamino acid anhydride comprising reacting &agr;-amino acid with di-tert-butyltricarbonate. The method for manufacturing polyamino acid comprising decarboxylating the N-carboxyamino acid anhydride obtained by reacting &agr;-amino acid with di-tert-butyltricarbonate.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the generation of polypeptides having varied material properties are disclosed herein. Methods include means for initiating the polymerization of aminoacid-N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomer by combining the monomer with an amido-containing metallacycle, for making self assembling amphiphilic block copolypeptides and related protocols for adding oligo(ethyleneglycol) functionalized aminoacid-N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to polyaminoacid chains. Additional methods include means of adding an end group to the carboxy terminus of a polyaminoacid chain by reacting an alloc-protected amino acid amide with a transition metal-donor ligand complex to forming an amido-amidate metallacycle for use in further polymerization reactions. Novel compositions for use in peptide synthesis and design including five and six membered amido-containing metallacycles and block copolypeptides are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a solid support material for carrying out a chemical reaction, said method comprising the following steps: (i) reacting an amino functionalised solid material with a carboxylic acid having at least two similarly protected amino groups to form amide bonds between them, (ii) removing protecting groups in a single step, (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) one or more times using the product of the preceding step as the amino functionalised solid material, and (iv) connecting a linkage agent to at least some of the free NH2 groups of the product. The method increases the loading capacity of the solid support material. It is particularly useful in connection with peptide synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyaspartate mixtures containing

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of polysuccinimide, copolymers and derivatives thereof: also disclosed are methods of forming derivatives by ring-opening initiation reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of copoly(succinimide-aspartate), copolymers and derivatives thereof, prepared in a thermal or supercritical fluid method. Also disclosed are methods of isolating, compounding, stabilizing and processing the copoly(succinimide-aspartate), and its derivatives.

Abstract: A method for making a polyaspartic ester mixture in-situ comprising the sequential steps of (a) reacting a cyclic amine with an excess amount of an ester of fumaric or maleic acid to form a mixture containing first polyaspartic ester component and excess unreacted ester of fumaric or maleic acid, and (b) adding an acyclic amine to the mixture resulting from step (a) and reacting the acyclic amine with the excess ester of fumaric or maleic acid to form a second polyaspartic ester component.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of copolymeric polypeptides, which comprises, in a first stage, reacting glutamic acid and/or derivatives thereof with amines in the absence of solvents and catalysts, under condensation conditions and, in a second stage, adding one or more further amino acids and/or derivatives thereof and/or one or more identical and/or further amines simultaneously or in any desired order, and reacting them with the reaction product of the first stage in the absence of solvents and catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of polysuccinimide, copolymers, derivatives and blends with additives thereof, using a supercritical fluid. Also disclosed are methods of isolating, compounding, stabilizing and processing the polysucciminide, its copolymers and derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of polysuccinimide and a copoly(succinimidea-spartate) using a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: Described are monomer compositions containing aspartic acid and other comonomers, such as monosodium aspartate, and methods for their production. The monomer compositions can be polymerized, particularly by thermal polymerization, to obtain useful and novel imide-containing polyamino acids, i.e., copolymers containing polymerized aspartate units and succinimide units. The invention is also directed to the resulting polymeric materials, their methods of production, and their uses and the derivatized polymeric materials by nucleophilic or electrophilic addition. Uses of the imide-containing polyamino acids include, for example, dispersants in detergents and cleansers, water-treatment chemicals as anti-scalants and corrosion inhibitors, personal-care additives for softening and moisturizing, and many others.

Abstract: Described are monomer compositions containing aspartic acid and other comonomers, such as monosodium aspartate, and methods for their production. The monomer compositions can be polymerized, particularly by thermal polymerization, to obtain useful and novel imide-containing polyamino acids, i.e., copolymers containing polymerized aspartate units and succinimide units. The invention is also directed to the resulting polymeric materials, their methods of production, and their uses. Uses of the imide-containing polyamino acids include, for example, dispersants in detergents and cleansers, water-treatment chemicals as anti-scalants and corrosion inhibitors, personal-care additives for softening and moisturizing, and many others.

Abstract: Described are monomer compositions containing aspartic acid and other comonomers, such as monosodium aspartate, and methods for their production. The monomer compositions can be polymerized, particularly by thermal polymerization, to obtain useful and novel imide-containing polyamino acids, i.e., copolymers containing polymerized aspartate units and succinimide units. The invention is also directed to the resulting polymeric materials, their methods of production, and their uses. Uses of the imide-containing polyamino acids include, for example, dispersants in detergents and cleansers, water-treatment chemicals as anti-scalants and corrosion inhibitors, personal-care additives for softening and moisturizing, and many others.

Abstract: A polyamide, the enzymatic reaction product of at least one polyamine and diester, and processes for preparing and using the same. In addition, processes for preparing and using the enzymatic reaction product as creping adhesives and wet strength resins to make cellulose products.

Abstract: A production process of high molecular weight polysuccinimide having a weight average molecular weight of 40,000 or higher is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing and heating aspartic acid and an acidic catalyst to produce a liquid, low molecular weight polymer mixture, 2) separating the acidic catalyst to appropriate extent from the liquid, low molecular weight polymer mixture, thereby directly changing a polymer-containing phase from a liquid phase into a solid phase to produce a solid, low molecular weight polymer mixture, and 3) conducting solid-state polymerization on the thus-obtained solid, low molecular weight polymer mixture. This process can be practiced in a simple apparatus, and is free of problems such as formation of a highly viscous phase, excessive formation of foam, and formation of a reaction mixture into coherent mass.

Abstract: A water absorbent material, comprising, as a main component, a water absorbent resin which has a structure in which a anhydropolyamino acid having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond is grafted with polysaccharides, wherein at least a portion of the anhydropolyamino acid is hydrolyzed and crosslinked, has high water absorbency and high biodegradability even if the anhydropolyamino acid has a low molecular weight.

Abstract: Low unsaturation, high molecular weight polyols having an unsaturation level below or equal to 0.006 milli-equivalents per gram, and preferably below 0.004 milli-equivalents per gram, and molecular weights of greater than or equal to about 2,000, and preferably between about 2,000 and 10,000, are converted into low unsaturation, high molecular-weight (LUSHMW) polyamines directly by amination reactions. The LUSHMW polyamines produce polymers having elongation, modulus, and tensile characteristics that are substantially better than those of conventional analogous polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved composition of copolymer-1 comprising copolymer-1 substantially free of species having a molecular weight of over 40 kilodaltons.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of copolymeric polypeptides, which comprises, in a first stage, reacting glutamic acid and/or derivatives thereof with amines in the absence of solvents and catalysts, under condensation conditions and, in a second stage, adding one or more further amino acids and/or derivatives thereof and/or one or more identical and/or further amines simultaneously or in any desired order, and reacting them with the reaction product of the first stage in the absence of solvents and catalysts.

Abstract: A method for making a polyaspartic ester mixture in-situ comprising the sequential steps of (a) reacting a polypropylene oxide amine with an excess amount of an ester of fumaric or maleic acid to form a mixture containing first polyaspartic ester component and excess unreacted ester of fumaric or maleic acid, and (b) adding an acyclic amine to the mixture resulting from step (a) and reacting the acyclic amine with the excess ester of fumaric or maleic acid to form a second polyaspartic ester component.

Abstract: A method for the production of polyasparagine is provided wherein the polyasparagine is prepared by ammonolysis of polysuccinimide in liquid ammonia, acting both as a solvent and as a reactant, wherein the polysuccinimide can be any polysuccinimide, such as linear, branched or cross-linked, wherein the polyasparagine produced has high % N content and is neutral as opposed to anionic or cationic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising monoaspartic acid esters and polyaspartic acid esters as well as an addition product prepared from an unsaturated dicarboxilic acid compound and a thiol, a process for their production, and their use as reactive component for polyisocyanates in two-component polyurethane systems.

Abstract: A series of initiators based on transition metal complexes for the polymerization of optically active beta-lactams into poly-beta-peptides and block copolymers have been developed. These initiators are unique in being able to eliminate chain transfer and chain termination side reactions from these polymerizations resulting in narrow molecular weight distributions, molecular weight control, and the ability to prepare copolymers of defined block sequence and composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fibrous material which includes a plurality of polylactide containing fibers. The plurality of polylactide containing fibers can be considered low shrinkage or high shrinkage. The plurality of polylactide containing fibers are considered low shrinkage fibers if they provide a boiling water shrinkage propensity of less than about 20%. The plurality of polylactide containing fibers are considered high shrink fibers if they provide an average fiber boiling water shrinkage propensity of greater than about 10% and a heat of fusion of less than about 25 J/g. The invention additionally relates to the use of an extrusion process to provide low shrinkage fibers and high shrinkage fibers. The invention further relates to the use of these fibers in desirable products.

Abstract: Polymers derived from polymers represented by Formula (A) (d is 20˜500; and Rs, which may be the same or different, represent each H, alkyl or benzyl) by substituting a part or all of the consisting peptide bonds by (1) hydrazino-Glu (Formula B), and saccharide-modified Glu (Formula C) or by (2) hydorazino-Glu (Formula B), and saccharide-modified Glu (Formula C), and drug bonded Glu (Formula D).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing modified polyaspartic acids starting from C4 carboxylic acids and nitrogen donor compounds and also aminobenzoic acids, and to the use of these modified polyaspartic acids as optical brighteners.

Abstract: Described are monomer compositions containing aspartic acid and other comonomers, such as monosodium aspartate, and methods for their production. The monomer compositions can be polymerized, particularly by thermal polymerization, to obtain useful and novel imide-containing polyamino acids, i.e., copolymers containing polymerized aspartate units and succinimide units. The invention is also directed to the resulting polymeric materials, their methods of production, and their uses. Uses of the imide-containing polyamino acids include, for example, dispersants in detergents and cleansers, water-treatment chemicals as anti-scalants and corrosion inhibitors, personal-care additives for softening and moisturizing, and many others.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a new N-carboxyamino acid anhydride and polyamino acid using a simple process operation.

Abstract: Described are monomer compositions containing aspartic acid and other comonomers, such as monosodium aspartate, and methods for their production. The monomer compositions can be polymerized, particularly by thermal polymerization, to obtain useful and novel imide-containing polyamino acids, i.e., copolymers containing polymerized aspartate units and succinimide units. The invention is also directed to the resulting polymeric materials, their methods of production, and their uses. Uses of the imide-containing polyamino acids include, for example, dispersants in detergents and cleansers, water-treatment chemicals as anti-scalants and corrosion inhibitors, personal-care additives for softening and moisturizing, and many others.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising monoaspartic acid esters and polyaspartic acid esters as well as an addition product prepared from an unsaturated dicarboxilic acid compound and a thiol, a process for their production, and their use as reactive component for polyisocyanates in two-component polyurethane systems.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl-substituted amino acid oligomers or polymers obtainable from (A) an aliphatic diamino acid having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as lysine, (B) a chain extender such as epichlorohydrin, a dihalide or an aliphatic diepoxide, (C) an amino-reactive allyl compound and (D) a perfluoroalkyl iodide, and, optionally, other reactants, are useful as grease-proofing agents for paper and are excellent foam stabilizers for Aqueous Fire-Fighting Foam (AFFF) formulations used on polar solvent fires.

Abstract: A method for modifying the surface properties of tissue in vivo is described. The method comprises forming a liquid crystalline matrix on the tissue surface by contacting the surface with a composition comprising a poly(hydroxy substituted amino acid). Compositions comprising a poly(hydroxy substituted amino acid) and synovial fluid are also provided.

Abstract: A sustained releasing drug which includes an effective component and a copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 which comprises, as repeating structure units, both of a succinimide unit represented by the structural formula (1) and a hydroxycarboxylic acid unit represented by the structural formula (2) wherein R is a methyl group or a hydrogen atom, and a process for preparing a copolymer which comprises a polymerization step of heating a mixture of aspartic acid and a cyclic ester compound.