Abstract: Aromatic carbonates useful for the preparation of high molecular weight polycarbonate resins are prepared by reacting methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen to prepare dimethyl carbonate; reacting a methyl silyl ether with a phenol or bisphenol to prepare an aryl silyl ether, and reacting the dimethyl carbonate and aryl silyl ether to prepare an aromatic carbonate.

Abstract: Bischloroformates of bisphenol compositions comprising hydroquinone or a hydroquinone-bisphenol A mixture are prepared by passing phosgene into a vigorously agitated mixture of water, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, the bisphenols and a substantially inert, water-immiscible organic liquid such as methylene chloride. The molar ratio of water to alkaline earth metal hydroxide is in the range of about 3-8:1. The bisphenols and at least a portion of the organic liquid are preferably initially present in the reaction mixture, and the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is preferably added during phosgenation.

Abstract: Polycyclic polycarbonate (or thiol analog) oligomers are prepared from a mixture of at least one bishaloformate with at least one tetraphenol, or thio analogs thereof. Such mixture may also contain at least one dihydroxy or dimercapto compound. The oligomers are formed by the reaction of such mixtures with alkali metal hydroxides and various amines. The polycyclic oligomer mixtures may be converted to crosslinked polycarbonates or their thiol analogs.

Abstract: A liquid composition polymerizable by the free-radical polymerization route, with a low shrinkage, to yield organic glasses endowed with high thermal stability, is constituted by the product of transesterification of diallyl-carbonate (A) with a mixture of diol (B) and of a polyol (C) containing from 3 to 6 hydroxy groups in the molecule, or a mixture of a diol (B) with a cycloaliphatic diol (C'), by operating with a molar ratio of A/(B+C) or A/(B+C') equal to, or larger than, 3/1, and with an amount of (C) in the (B+C) mixture equal to, or smaller than, 70% by weight, or with an amount of (C') in the (B+C') mixture equal to, or smaller than, 90% by weight.

Abstract: A superabsorbent, thermoplastic polymeric composition comprising:(A) from about 86 to about 98 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a poly(oxyethylene) diol soft segment having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 5,000 to about 50,000; and(B) from about 2 to about 14 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a hard segment which has a melting point above ambient temperature and below the temperature at which decomposition of either the composition or the soft segment takes place, is essentially insoluble in water, and phase separates from the soft segment, said hard segment being selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polyureas, and combinations thereof;wherein the soft and hard segments are covalently bound together by means of urethane, amide, ester, or secondary urea linkages or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing polycarbonate from a polycarbonate oligomer and a phenol compound, comprising introducing the oligomer, caustic alkali and the phenol compound in the first reaction zone where polymerization is carried out to produce polycarbonate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 3,000 to 15,000, and then introducing the reaction mixture containing the above polycarbonate into the second reaction zone where polymerization is carried out while controlling the alkali concentration to the range of 0.05 to 0.7N by regulating caustic alkali supplied.

Abstract: Poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl polymers containing two or more acid-terminal moieties are disclosed. Acid-terminal polyahls provided herein are useful as surfactants or as intermediates for the syntheses for other polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to an integrated process for producing polycarbonates by transesterification of a dialkyl carbonate with a bisphenol diester to form a carbonate oligomer and an alkyl ester followed by polymerization of the oligomer to a polycarbonate. The feature of the invention lies in the carbonylation of the alkyl ester by-product formed during the transesterification step to an ahydride which is used to esterify bisphenol to the diester.

Abstract: Provided are novel polycarbonate or polyestercarbonate resins having excellent performances including excellent transparency and thermal resistance, very small warping or deformation caused by water absorption, and the like.

Abstract: A polycarbonate composition, and process for making same, wherein the monocarbonate and dicarbonate content is eliminated or limited to negligibly low levels by withholding introduction of chain terminator to the reaction mixture until the reaction of dihydroxy and carbonic acid derivative starting materials has run substantially to completion.

Abstract: Novel thermoplastic polymers comprise (1) moieties of a 1,6-diaza [4.4] spirodilactam having oxyaryl-containing substituents on the spiro ring nitrogen atoms, or, optionally, moieties of a di(oxyphenyl)compound, alternating with moieties derived from a mono- or binuclear hydantoin, the differing moieties being connected by 2-hydroxy-1,3-propylene linking groups.

Abstract: A polymerization process to produce polyol polymer useful in the formulation of thermoset coatings, including the polymer so produced, is disclosed. The polymers are characterized as having at least one main chain and a plurality of side chains attached thereto. The polymerization process comprises combining in a solvent, at an elevated temperature and for a predetermined period of time, an addition-polymerizable monomer (that is also a free-radical initiator) together with an ethylenically-unsaturated monomer (having a nucleophilic or an electrophilic moiety), to initiate addition copolymerization of the addition-polymerizable monomer with the ethylenically-unsaturated monomer, whereby propagation of the reaction forms the main chain of the polymer.

Abstract: Thermosetting quinazolone resins, their preparation and their applications re described.These thermosetting quinazolone resins can be defined as having the following general formula: ##STR1## in which Ar.sup.1 is a bivalent mono- or polycyclic aromatic radical and Ar.sup.2 is a bivalent aromatic radical of several simple aromatic rings bound two by two by atoms or bivalent groups.These Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 radicals are chosen so that the melting or emollescence temperature is between 80.degree. C. and 170.degree. C.The resins can be prepared from condensation of an ethynylarylbenzoxazinone with an aromatic diamine containing flexibilizing groups.These quinazolone resins can be polymerized in bulk in order to prepare adhesives or composite matrices in particular.

Abstract: Cyclic polycarbonate oligomers are converted to linear polycarbonates by the catalytic action of an aryl tetrahydropyranyl ether. The polymerization reaction is slow, and therefore particularly useful in such operations as resin transfer molding.

Abstract: Cyclic copolycarbonate oligomer mixtures are prepared from mixtures of hydroquinone bischloroformate and bischloroformates of bisphenols, typically bisphenol A or a spirobiindane bisphenol, by condensation in the presence of an amine, an aqueous base and a non-polar organic liquid. They may be converted to solvent-resistant linear polycarbonates, many of which are crystalline.

Abstract: This invention relates to medical devices formed totally or in part from homopolymers or copolymers comprising recurring carbonate moieties.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel copolymers containing carbonate repeat units and ester repeat units.

Abstract: Novel polycarbonate homopolymers and implantable bioresorbable medical devices fabricated therefrom.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing polyanhydrides in solution using coupling agents and a removable acid acceptor to effect a one-step polymerization of dicarboxylic acids. As used in the method, these coupling agents include phosgene, diphosgene, and acid chlorides. Insoluble acid acceptors include insoluble polyamines and crosslinked polyamines such as polyethyleneimine and polyvinylpyridine and inorganic bases such as K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, NaHCO.sub.3, and CaCO.sub.3. The only byproduct formed is a removable hydrochloric acid-acid acceptor.Examples are provided of the polymerization of highly pure polyanhydrides using phosgene, diphosgene or an acid chloride as the coupling agent, in combination with either an insoluble acid acceptor or a soluble acid acceptor in a solvent wherein the polymerization byproduct or polymer is insoluble.A particularly important application of these polyanhydrides is in the formation of drug delivery devices containing bioactive compounds.

Abstract: Cyclic carbonate oligomers are stabilized according to the present invention by admixing a composition containing cyclic carbonate oligomers with an amount of an organic phosphite sufficient to substantially prevent premature polymerization of the oligomers.

Abstract: Disclosed are reactive phenolic compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are certain substituents. Also disclosed are certain polyesters normally susceptible to oxidative degradation having copolymerized therein at least one residue of one of the phenolic compounds.

Abstract: Modified polymers based on polyvinylene carbonate and/or polyhydroxymethylene are prepared containing covalently bonded units derived from particular alkoxylated compounds. Polymerization is carried out in the presence of the alkoxylated compounds and a particular dispersion stabilizer. The modified polymer is suitable as a carrier for biologically active substances or for affinity chromatography.

Abstract: Novel tetraglycidates have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl, or cycloalkylidene of 5 to 7 carbon atoms. Epoxy resin systems exhibiting good tensile properties and moisture sensitivity can be made by copolymerizing the tetraglycidates with a polyamine curing agent. Prepregs can be made by combining the epoxy resin systems with a fiber reinforcement. The epoxy resin system may include a co-epoxide.

Abstract: A process for producing a polycarbonate polyol by ester-interchange reaction of a dialkyl, diaryl or alkylene carbonate and a polyhydroxy compound, wherein the dialkyl, diaryl or alkylene carbonate is purified by adsorption treatment with an adsorbent prior to use in the reaction. A process for producing a polycarbonate polyol which comprises ester-interchange reaction of a dialkyl or diaryl carbonate and a polyhydroxy compound in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the proportion of the polyhydroxy compound to the dialkyl or diaryl carbonate is 1.01 to 1.30 times its stoichiometrical amount, and the amount of the catalyst is 0.0001 to 0.5% by weight, calculated as metal, based on the dialkyl or diaryl carbonate. Also provided is a process for producing a polycarbonate polyol by ester-interchange reaction of a dialkyl, diaryl or alkylene carbonate and a polyhydroxy compound in the presence of a catalyst in an amount, as metal, of 0.0001 to 0.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel random copolymers and implantable devices fabricated therefrom.

Abstract: Polycyclic polycarbonate (or thiol analog) oligomers are prepared from a mixture of at least one bishaloformate with at least one tetraphenol, or thio analogs thereof. Such mixture may also contain at least one dihydroxy or dimercapto compound. The oligomers are formed by the reaction of such mixtures with alkali metal hydroxides and various amines. The polycyclic oligomer mixtures may be converted to crosslinked polycarbonates or their thiol analogs.

Abstract: Cyclic polyphenylene ether-polycarbonate oligomer compositions are prepared from bishaloformates and bisphenols, at least one of which includes a spirobiindane moiety and the other of which is derived from a bisphenol-terminated polyphenylene ether oligomer. The cyclic compositions may be converted to linear copolycarbonates by treatment with a polycarbonate formation catalyst.

Abstract: Poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl polymers containing two or more acid-terminal moieties are disclosed. Acid-terminal polyahls provided herein are useful as surfactants or as intermediates for the syntheses of other polymers.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aliphatic polycarbonates by polymerizing cyclic aliphatic carbonates in the presence of initiators and/or catalysts, in which the initiators used are alkoxy silanes of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical, n is an interger from 1 to 6 andR.sub.4 denotes an n-valent, optionally substituted, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical,and the catalysts used are the nucleophilic catalysts which are known from group transfer polymerization.

Abstract: Copolymers comprising amide units and urea units are prepared by melt phase interchange of diaryl esters of dicarboxylic acids with diamines and diesters of carbonic acid with diamines. The products are tough resins, useful per se as molding compounds, or in blends with other thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: Novel acid-functional poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls and their salts having surfactant activities are disclosed. These polyahls have, on the average, at least about 0.05 and up to about and including one hydrophilic terminus per molecule and can be produced by the reaction of a random non-ionic poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl obtained by reacting a monofunctional alcohol, mercaptan, carboxylic acid, primary or secondary amine, alkyl substituted phenol or alkoxylates thereof with an alkylene carbonate and/or an alkylene oxide and/or carbon dioxide and/or a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl, and admixing a compound capable of adding an acidic end group thereto. Novel anionic poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls are also disclosed. Surfactant compositions comprising the acid-functional polyahls of the invention and other non-ionic surfactants are also disclosed. Moreover, surfactant compositions comprising the novel acid-functional polyahls and other anionic surfactants are also disclosed.

Abstract: Isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls comprising the residue of at least one polyahl, at least one isocyanate modifier, poly(alkyleneoxy) units, poly(alkylene carbonate) units, and a plurality of active hydrogen end groups are disclosed. Also disclosed are isocyanate-functional prepolymer compositions of these isocyanate-modifed poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls, which contain the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention and excess organic polyisocyanate units. Urethane/urea polymers formed by the reactions of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers with polyahls are also disclosed. Also disclosed are urethane/urea polymers comprising the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention, the residue of a polyisocyanate and the residue of at least one other polyahl selected from the group consisting of polyamines and polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: Novel polycarbonate latex compositions comprising 0.1 to 30 mole percent of recurring units containing a carboxyl or a tertiary amine acid addition salt component are disclosed.The latex compositions are made by:(a) preparing a polycarbonate comprising from about 0.1 to 30 mole percent of recurring units having a carboxyl or a tertiary amine acid additon component;(b) dissolving the polycarbonate in a water miscible solvent having a boiling point below about 100.degree. C.;(c) blending the solution of (b) with water; and(d) removing the water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: A novel copolycarbonate is provided, which comprises recurring units respectively of the formulae: ##STR1## in a molar ratio of units (A) to units (B) of from 9:1 to 1:9. The copolycarbonate has a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 50,000. The copolycarbonate is useful as a reactive polymer for producing final polymers such as a polyurethane and a thermoplastic elastomer. The copolycarbonate as well as various final polymers produced therefrom have excellent resistance to hydrolysis, light, chlorine, oxidative degradation, heat, etc. The polyurethane and the thermoplastic elastomer containing units of the novel copolycarbonate as soft segments exhibit remarkably improved flexibility and elastic recovery as compared to those of the conventional polymers.

Abstract: Novel linear aromatic polycarbonate oligomers that contain one or more dicyclopentadiene dicarboxylate diradicals are described. These oligomers are prepared by the reaction of a cyclic aromatic polycarbonate oligomer with an alkali metal or magensium salt of a cyclopentadiene.

Abstract: Cyclic polycarbonate oligomers are converted to linear polycarbonates by the catalytic action of a chelate of a transition metal with a ketone, diester or keto ester such as acetylacetone. The metal chelates vary in catalytic action with the position of the metal in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: The selection of the proper solvent systems for polyalkylene carbonates which completely dissolve the polymer at high temperatures but are non-solvents at lower temperatures allows one to obtain discrete particles of the polymers suitable for many applications, processing and handling. The particles size can be controlled from about 30 to about 3000 microns in diameter.

Abstract: The addition of a small amount of a second epoxide to the copolymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with carbon dioxide can give a melt processable polyalkylene carbonate terpolymer which can be processed without extensive thermal decomposition. This invention has particular utility in thermoplastic applications such as injection molding, blow molding, and film manufacture.

Abstract: A phenol or bisphenol has been found effective as a chain transfer agent in the polymerization of cyclic carbonates to make hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate oligomer of varying molecular weight.

Abstract: An organic condensation polymer made by reacting in solution of first compound having at least two anionic carbon sites bonded to each other either directly or through a chain of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, including a bisacetylide or a first compound having an anionic carbon site and a latent anionic carbon site bonded to each other either directly or through a chain of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, such as organometallic cyclopentadienides, with a second compound containing at least two electrophillic carbon sites bonded to each other either directly or through a chain of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, including diesters, dihalides, diamides or dianhydrides of polycarboxylic acids, and diisocyanates.

Abstract: Substituted phenols and phenyl carbonates derived therefrom, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenyl carbonate, are employed to inhibit the formation of linear polycarbonates from cyclic polycarbonate oligomers. Inhibition of polymerization initiated by impurities in the cyclics is noted. When polymerization is effected by basic polycarbonate formation catalysts, the phenols or phenyl carbonates decrease reaction rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to modified polymers based on polyvinylene carbonate and/or polyhydroxymethylene, the modification being effected by particular alkoxylated compounds incorporated into the polymer. These polymers, for the preparation of which, according to the invention, particular dispersion stabilizers are used, are suitable, inter alia, as carriers for biologically active substances or for affinity chromatography.

Abstract: Novel sulfonated polyamide and polyurea materials are described. The polymers are water-soluble or water-dispersible, if not crosslinked. The polymers can be crosslinked with polyvalent cations or crosslinking agents. The polymers have utility as membranes, thickeners, coatings and adhesives.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain polyamine hydroxyalkyl carbamate monomers, polymers and copolymers thereof and blends of the same with crosslinking film making agents and films thereof deposited on substrates.

Abstract: Lewis acids such as triphenyl borate, triphenylborane and aluminum isopropoxide are employed to inhibit or control the formation of linear polycarbonates from cyclic polycarbonate oligomers. Inhibition of polymerization initiated by impurities in the cyclics is noted. When polymerization is effected by basic polycarbonate formation catalysts, the Lewis acids can act as reaction rate accelerators or inhibitors depending on reaction parameters.

Abstract: The thermal stability of cyclic carbonate oligomers may be increased by treating a solution of the oligomers with an effective amount of a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: Cyclic polycarbonate oligomers are prepared by the reaction of a bisphenol bischloroformate (e.g. bisphenol A bischloroformate) with an amine (e.g., triethylamine) and an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in at least two back-mixed vessels and in a mixed aqueous-organic system. The liquid contents of each vessel except the last are passed to the next vessel and each vessel is simultaneously charged with reactants, with the concentration of carbonate units in the reactants being less in the first vessel than in subsequent vessels. By this method, there is obtained a cyclic product containing a minimum proportion of linear polycarbonates.

Abstract: Polyether polycarbonate diols based on 1,6-hexanediol and having a molecular weight of from 500 to 12,000 are made by etherifying 50-100 mole % 1,6-hexane-diol in the presence of 0-50 mole % of specified diols and reacting the resultant polyether with a compound selected from diarylcarbonates, dialkyl carbonates, dioxolanones, hexanediol bischlorocarbonic acid esters, phosgene and urea. These diols are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes having improved physical properties.

Abstract: Aminourethanes, a process for their preparation and their useThe invention relates to aminourethanes composed essentially of structural units derived from(A) polyamines of the general formula (I) an/or (II ##STR1## (B) if appropriate, further polyamines, (C) compounds containing, on average, at least one terminal 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane group per molecule and(D) if appropriate, compounds having a monofunctional reaction, as chain stoppers.The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of these aminourethanes and to their use, in particular in paint formulations and especially in electrodeposition paints.

Abstract: Modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls comprising the residue of at least one polyahl, at least one modifier, poly(alkyleneoxy) units, poly(alkylene carbonate) units, and a plurality of active hydrogen end groups are disclosed. The modifed polyahls have an average molecular weight higher than any known polyahls containing at least the same weight percent modifier and the same poly(alkyleneoxy) and poly(alkylene carbonate) residues. Also disclosed are isocyanate-functional prepolymer compositions of these modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls, which contain the residue of at least one modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention and excess organic polyisocyanate units. Urethane/urea polymers formed by the reactions of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers with polyahls are also disclosed.