Abstract: Nanocarriers are synthesized with polymers that respond to lower pH and/or ROS by being degraded. The compositions may be utilized to selectively deliver payloads within patients by responding to lower pH and/or ROS at localities within the patient. The present invention also features methods of synthesizing nanocarriers that are degraded by lower pH and/or ROS.

Abstract: Provided is a polycarbonate preparation method, comprising the following steps: a) mixing a phenoxide water aqueous solution of a bisphenol and/or a polyphenol with a phosgene and an inert organic solvent, reacting, and generating a polycarbonate oligomer; b) highly emulsifying the oligomer by reinforced micromixing to form a stable emulsion; and c) introducing the emulsion into a polycondensation reactor for a chain extending reaction, separating and finally obtaining the polycarbonate. Through the reinforced micromixing, the present method can prepare the high-molecular-weight polycarbonate without any catalysts, thus simplifying the post-treatment process of the product and improving product quality.

Abstract: Polymers for photoresists and monomers for incorporation into those polymers are disclosed. The polymers comprise at least two components: an acid labile component and a photolytically stable and acid-stable component. The polymers may also contain a third, photoacid generator (PAG) component. The acid-labile component is based on the presence of a readily cleavable oxygen-carbon bond that usually occurs in a sterically hindered ether or ester.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing polycarbonate includes:—a step (1) of introducing into a reactor a particular composition (A) of at least one dianhydrohexitol carbonate bearing two alkyl carbonate functions; a step (2) of introducing a diol or a mixture of diols (B); a subsequent step (3) of polycondensation by transesterification of the mixture of monomers including (A) and (B); a step (4) of recovering the polycarbonate formed during step (3).

Abstract: Hyperbranched polycarbonates having stabilizing groups, prepared by reaction of (a) at least one compound having at least three alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule with (b) at least one reagent of the general formula I (c) and at least one reagent of the general formula X3-(A1)m-X4, where the variables are defined as follows: X1, X2 are identical or different and are selected from among halogen, C1-C10-alkoxy, C6-C10-aryloxy and O—C(?O)-halogen, X3 is a functional group selected from among OH, SH, NH2, NH—C1-C4-alkyl, iso-cyanate, epoxy, COOH, COOR12, C(?O)—O—C(?O), C(?O)—Cl, R12 is C1-C4-alkyl or C6-C10-aryl, A1 is a spacer or a single bond, m is zero or one. X4 is a group selected from among phenol groups, benzophenones, aromatic amines and nitrogen-comprising heterocycles, in each case substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: The invention concerns processes for forming a polymer comprising residues of 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5 (6) amino benzimidazole (DAPBI), paraphenylene diamine, and terephthaloyl dichloride, the process comprising: (a) forming a solution of oligomers having chloride end groups from one mole of paraphenylene diamine and 1.3 to 5 moles of terephthaloyl dichloride a solvent system comprising an organic solvent and an inorganic salt; and (b) adding DAPBI and terephthaloyl dichloride to the solution of oligomers to form a polymer.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymer comprising 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5 (6) amino benzimidazole (DAPBI), PPD, and terephthaloyl dichloride, the polymer having a IPC peak block ratio of 1.52 to 1.56 and an inherent viscosity of greater than 2 dl/g.

Abstract: The invention concerns processes for forming a polymer comprising residues of 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5(6)amino benzimidazole (DAPBI), paraphenylene diamine, and terephthaloyl dichloride, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a slurry of DAPBI and paraphenylene diamine in a solvent system comprising an organic solvent and an inorganic salt; and (b) adding a stoichiometric amount of terephthaloyl dichloride to the slurry in a single addition and allowing the formation of the polymer.

Abstract: The invention concerns processes for forming a polymer comprising residues of 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5(6) amino benzimidazole (DAPBI), paraphenylene diamine (PPD), and terephthaloyl dichloride, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a slurry of DAPBI in a solvent system comprising an organic solvent and an inorganic salt; (b) adding terephthaloyl dichloride to the slurry terephthaloyl dichloride in the amount of up to one-half mole for every mole of DAPBI in the slurry; (c) agitating the slurry to react the DAPBI and terephthaloyl dichloride to form an oligomeric solution; (d) adding PPD to the oligomeric solution and agitating until substantially all of the PPD is dissolved, (e) adding terephthaloyl dichloride in an amount of greater than one mole for every mole of PPD in the solution to form a prepolymer solution; and (e) agitating the prepolymer solution to form a polymer.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymer comprising residues of 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5 (6) amino benzimidazole (DAPBI), paraphenylene diamine, and terephthaloyl dichloride, the polymer having a IPC peak block ratio of 1.45 to 1.47 and an inherent viscosity of greater than 2 dl/g.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymer comprising residues of 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5 (6) amino benzimidazole (DAPBI), paraphenylene diamine (PPD), and terephthaloyl dichloride, made by a process comprising the steps of: (a) forming a slurry of b mole percent DAPBI and y mole percent PPD in a solvent system comprising organic solvent and c weight percent of an inorganic salt, wherein the inorganic salt is present in an amount of at least 5 weight percent of the organic solvent, DAPBI and PPD being present in an amount sufficient for providing a polymer solution having a weight percent solids of 12 percent or greater on a polymer basis; and (b) contacting the slurry of step a) with a stoichiometric amount of terephthaloyl dichloride to form a product comprising the polymer; wherein the sum of y+b is 100 and the product of b×c is 225 or greater.

Abstract: A polycarbonate diol comprising repeating units represented by the following formula (A) and a terminal hydroxy group, 60-100 mol % of the repeating units represented by the formula (A) being repeating units represented by the following formula (B) or (C). The amount of the repeating units represented by the formula (B) is 60-100 mol % based on the total amount of the repeating units represented by the formula (A). The polycarbonate diol has a terminal primary OH ratio of 95% or higher. (A) (In the formula, R represents a C2-12 divalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A chlorine resistant polyamide is formed from the reaction product of an amine and an acid chloride monomer wherein both the amine and the acid chloride monomer are modified with electron-withdrawing groups that exhibit sufficient activity to (i) minimize any chlorination on both the amine and acid chloride and (ii) minimize N-chlorination. A membrane is made from the polyamide for use, for example, in a desalination unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for preparing a benzoxazole-based polymer by thermal rearrangement, the benzoxazole-based polymer prepared by the method and a gas separation membrane comprising the polymer. More specifically, provided are a method for preparing a benzoxazole-based polymer by subjecting poly(hydroxyamide) as an intermediate to thermal treatment involving dehydration, the benzoxazole-based polymer obtained thereby and gas separation membrane comprising the polymer. The benzoxazole-based polymer of the present invention can be simply prepared by thermally rearrangement via thermal treatment at low temperatures, and thus exhibits superior mechanical and morphological properties and has well-connected microcavities. Due to showing excellent permeability and selectivity for various gases, the benzoxazole-based polymer is suited for application to gas separation membranes, in particular, gas separation membranes for small gases.

Abstract: Multifunctional compounds are provided that readily crosslink in situ to provide crosslinked biomaterials. The multifunctional compounds contain a single component having at least three reactive functional groups thereon, with the functional groups selected so as to be non-reactive in an initial environment and inter-reactive in a modified environment. Reaction of a plurality of the multifunctional compounds results in a three-dimensional crosslinked matrix. In one embodiment, a first functional group is nucleophilic, a second functional group is electrophilic, and at least one additional functional group is nucleophilic or electrophilic. Methods for preparing and using the multifunctional compounds, and kits including the multifunctional compounds are also provided. Exemplary uses for the multifunctional compounds include tissue augmentation, biologically active agent delivery, bioadhesion, and prevention of adhesions following surgery or injury.

Abstract: A binder composition has good tensile strength, and can improve the cycle life of a rechargeable battery by maintaining the conduction path of an electrode even during expansion or shrinkage of the active material. The binder composition is environmentally friendly, and can be used in existing production lines as-is. An electrode and a rechargeable battery use the binder composition. The binder composition for a rechargeable battery includes a main binder including a poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) having at least one of a sulfonic acid group (—SO3H) or a sulfonate group (—SO3?M+) in the polymer main chain.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymer comprising residues of 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5 (6) amino phenyl benzimidazole (DAPBI), paraphenylene diamine, and terephthaloyl dichloride, the polymer having a IPC peak block ratio of 1.45 to 1.47 and an inherent viscosity of greater than 2 dl/g.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymer comprising 2-(4-amino phenyl)-5 (6) amino phenyl benzimidazole (DAPBI), PPD, and terephthaloyl dichloride, the polymer having a IPC peak block ratio of 1.52 to 1.56 and an inherent viscosity of greater than 2 dl/g.

Abstract: Provided are films made from copolyesters having improved oil repellency as compared to conventional copolyesters. The copolyesters are derived from certain perfluorinated monomers.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an aromatic polyamide crumb from an aromatic diamine and an aromatic diacid chloride, which aromatic polyamide comprises 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole terephthalamide units and has a relative viscosity ?rel of at least 3, by: (1) adding at least monomers (i)-(iii) in N-methyl pyrrolidone as solvent wherein (i) is 0-30 mole % para-phenylenediamine (PPD), (ii) is 20-50 mole % 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (DABPI), (iii) is 49.05-50.05 mole % terephthaloyl dichloride (TDC), and optionally calcium chloride to obtain a CaCl2/aromatic diamine molar ratio less than 0.5, and an aromatic diamine/aromatic diacid chloride ratio between 0.99 and 1.01; (2) mixing the monomers and the optional calcium chloride to a homogenous mixture having a monomer concentration of 5 to 12 wt %; followed by (3) adding calcium chloride to the homogeneous mixture to obtain a CaC12/aromatic diamine molar ratio 0.6-1.0; and (4) polymerizing the mixture.

Abstract: Multifunctional compounds are provided that readily crosslink in situ to provide crosslinked biomaterials. The multifunctional compounds contain a single component having at least three reactive functional groups thereon, with the functional groups selected so as to be non-reactive in an initial environment and inter-reactive in a modified environment. Reaction of a plurality of the multifunctional compounds results in a three-dimensional crosslinked matrix. In one embodiment, a first functional group is nucleophilic, a second functional group is electrophilic, and at least one additional functional group is nucleophilic or electrophilic. Methods for preparing and using the multifunctional compounds, and kits including the multifunctional compounds are also provided. Exemplary uses for the multifunctional compounds include tissue augmentation, biologically active agent delivery, bioadhesion, and prevention of adhesions following surgery or injury.

Abstract: Polycarbonates are recovered from polymer blends by liquid chromatography. Polycarbonate recovered by the process can be reused in new applications. The invention can be extended to recycling of other polymers present in the blends.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyesters, particularly poly(trimethylene terephthalate), comprising fluorovinylether functionalized aromatic repeat units, and methods to make the polyester polymers. The polymers are useful for imparting soil resistance to polyesters, particularly in the form of fibers, fabrics, and carpets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high-quality polyurethane and polyurethane urea elastomers which exhibit unique combinations of processing characteristics, oxidation resistance, mechanical and mechanical/dynamic properties in particularly demanding applications. These polyurethane elastomers and polyurethane urea elastomers are based on novel polycarbonate polyols.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of emulsifiers E1 which are obtained by (a) reacting a polyol with propylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, to give an intermediate Z1, (b) reacting the intermediate Z1 with epichlorohydrin, forming an intermediate Z2, (c) reacting the intermediate Z2 with an adduct of ethylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, with a C1-C22 monoalcohol, provided that on average at least one epoxide function of the intermediate Z2 is reacted and on average at least one epoxide function originating from the intermediate Z2 is retained. Compounds E1 are suitable as emulsifiers for preparing aqueous emulsions or dispersions of epoxy resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer comprising as part of its polymer backbone a moiety of Formula (II): where one of R6 to R10 represents A-O— and one of R6 to R10 represents —O—B and the remainder of R6 to R10 represent H, where A and B represent the remainder of the polymer backbone and may be the same or different.

Abstract: Bis-Phenol A (BPA) can now be replaced in industrial processes by BPA substitutes. The BPA substitutes can have structures that are derivatives of BPA. The BPA substitutes can be used in preparing epoxy composition, polycarbonate compositions, and polysulfonate compositions or for other uses in place of BPA.

Abstract: Partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymers. Coating compositions for food or beverage containers and medical devices, including a partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymer. Food or beverage containers and medical devices coated with partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymers. Food or beverage containers and medical devices made from partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymers.

Abstract: A terminal modified polycarbonate having a high content of biogenic matter, excellent heat resistance, heat stability, moldability and moist absorption resistance and high surface energy and a manufacturing process thereof are provided. The terminal modified polycarbonate has a main chain essentially composed of a recurring unit represented by the following formula (1): has a specific viscosity at 20° C. of a solution obtained by dissolving 0.7 g of the polycarbonate in 100 ml of methylene chloride of 0.2 to 0.5, and contains a terminal group represented by the following formula (2) or (3) in an amount of 0.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyaramid polymers, comprising repeat units of the condensation product of a fluorovinylether functionalized aromatic diacid chloride and an aromatic diamine, and methods to make said polyaramid polymers. The polymers of this invention are useful as high strength fibers or solution cast films with reduced surface susceptibility to oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to conjugated polymers comprising bis(thienocyclopenta)benzothiadiazole units or derivatives thereof, to methods of their preparation, to novel monomer units used therein, to the use of the polymers in organic electronic (OE) devices, and to OE devices comprising the polymers.

Abstract: Polymers for photoresists and monomers for incorporation into those polymers are disclosed. The polymers comprise at least two components: an acid labile component and a photolytically stable and acid-stable component. The polymers may also contain a third, photoacid generator (PAG) component.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an aromatic polyamide crumb from an aromatic diamine and an aromatic diacid chloride, which aromatic polyamide comprises 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole terephthalamide units and has a relative viscosity ?rel of at least 3, by: (1) adding at least monomers (i)-(iii) in N-methyl pyrrolidone as solvent wherein (i) is 0-30 mole % para-phenylenediamine (PPD), (ii) is 20-50 mole % 5(6)-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (DABPI), (iii) is 49.05-50.05 mole % terephthaloyl dichloride (TDC), and optionally calcium chloride to obtain a CaCl2/aromatic diamine molar ratio less than 0.5, and an aromatic diamine/aromatic diacid chloride ratio between 0.99 and 1.01; (2) mixing the monomers and the optional calcium chloride to a homogenous mixture having a monomer concentration of 5 to 12 wt %; followed by (3) adding calcium chloride to the homogeneous mixture to obtain a CaCl2/aromatic diamine molar ratio 0.6-1.0; and (4) polymerizing the mixture.

Abstract: Processes for preparing polyestercarbonates are disclosed. The processes allow for the consistent incorporation of adipic acid into a polymer generated from a dihydroxy compound, such as bisphenol-A, at levels greater than 99%. The polyestercarbonates so produced, as well as articles formed from the polyestercarbonates, are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Chemically protected dihydroxyacetone and/or dimers are used to make polycarbonates, poly(acetal carbonate)s, poly(spiroacetal)s, polyesters and polyurethanes.

Abstract: A novel class of dendritic macromolecules is provided having a core, a hyperbranched structure, and a plurality of units satisfying the formula —NR2(C?O)R1, in which R1 is not a continuation of the hyperbranched structure. Methods of preparing these dendritic macromolecules are also provided, as well as methods of using dendritic macromolecules, including those described above, in separation processes or as part of in situ leach mining processes. A class of facilities for in situ leach mining is also provided.

Abstract: A chlorine resistant polyamide is formed from the reaction product of an amine and an acid chloride monomer wherein the acid chloride monomer is modified with electron-withdrawing groups that exhibit sufficient activity to (i) minimize any chlorination on both the amine and acid chloride side and (ii) minimize N-chlorination. A membrane is made from the polyamide and, in one application, the membrane is used in a desalination unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic/inorganic hybrid polymer blends and hybrid polymer blend membranes that are composed of: one polymer acid halide containing SO2X, POX2 or COX groups (X?, Cl, Br, I); one elemental or metallic oxide or hydroxide, obtained by the hydrolysis and/or the sol/gel reaction of an elemental and/or organometallic compound during the membrane forming process and/or by subsequently treating the membrane in aqueous acidic, alkaline or neutral electrolytes. The invention further relates to hybrid blends and hybrid blend membranes containing polymers that carry SO3H, PO3H2 and/or COOH groups, obtained by aqueous, alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the polymer acid halides contained in the polymer blend or the polymer blend membrane. The invention also relates to methods for producing the inventive hybrid blends and hybrid blend membranes.

Abstract: An improvement to the melt transesterification process for the preparation of polycarbonate is disclosed. The improvement entails adding to the process between its medium viscosity reactor and a high viscosity reactor at least one bridged ester of organic sulphur-containing acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyether derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein X1 represents —CO— or —SO2—; Ar1 represents unsubstituted arylene, or arylene substituted with a halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl aryloxycarbonyl or cyano group; L represents alkylene; m is 1 or 2; A represents —X2—Ar2—(NH2)1, a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, aryl or acyl group, wherein X2, Ar2 and l have the same meanings as the above-mentioned X1, Ar1 and m, respectively; and n is the average addition mole number of the polyether group, and is a numerical value of 10 to 500.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel condensation polymers where N,N*-disubstituted disulfonamides are copolymerized with an organic acid dihalide such as dicarboxylic acid dichlorides, disulfonic acid dichlorides, bis chloroformates, diphosphoryl acid dichlorides, diphosphonyl acid dichlorides, or phosgene or with diisocyanates. The polymers obtained are thermoplastic and useful in molding and extrusion application.

Abstract: A method for the production of a polyestercarbonate comprises (i) providing at least one dihydroxyaromatic compound (ii) providing a carbonate precursor and (iii) providing at least one solid, biosynthetically derived, aliphatic alpha-omega dicarboxylic acid having about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms and having a nitrogen content of not more than about 55 ppm, and reacting interfacially in the presence of a base said dihydroxyaromatic compound, said carbonate precursor and said dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymeric thermoplastic moldable compositions comprising poly(alkylene carbonates), which are useful in manufacturing of articles which may be manipulated and shaped by their user, but regain their shape after distortion. These compositions are free from toxic compounds and have a glass transition temperature from about 15° C. to about 132° C. These compositions are useful in manufacturing of articles such as toys, utensils to convey solids or liquids to the mouth, soothing articles (i.e., teething rings and pacifiers) and articles which support food (i.e., candy/confection sticks or holders.) They are most useful in manufacturing of children's toys and products.

Abstract: Polyisobutylene (PIB) functionalized with terminal reactive unsaturation is disclosed. Carbocationically polymerized monohalogen-terminated PIB is dehydrohalogenated in a hydrocarbon solvent using an alkoxide of the formula RO-M wherein R is alkyl of at least 5 carbon atoms and M is alkali metal. The PIB obtained has terminal unsaturation which is 100% in the reactive ‘exo’ form which can be converted to succinic anhydride groups (PIB-SA) by the ene reaction with maleic anhydride. The PIB-SA is reactive with amine functional dendrimers to obtain a star-branched polymer having a dendrimer core and PIB branches joined by succinimide linkages. Blends of the star-branched polymer with polypropylene have improved energy absorption properties and controllable moisture/oxygen permeabilities useful in films.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for spinning polyester staple to produce dark dyeing yarns as compared to yarns having an otherwise similar composition. The method includes spinning polyester staple into yarn, in which the polyester includes between about 0.5 and 4 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol, into yarn in a rotor spinning machine at a rotor speed of between about 110,000 and 120,000 rpm and at a tension of between about 2.5 and 3.2 grams/tex. A resulting polyester fiber is also disclosed of between about 1.2 and 2.25 denier per filament, and that contains between about 0.5 and 4 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol, and with a fiber tenacity of 4.7 grams per denier or less.

Abstract: Heat resistant polybenzoxazole resins useful as layer insulation films and protective films for semiconductor, layer insulation films for multilayer circuits, cover coats for flexible copper-clad sheets, solder resist films, liquid crystal-aligned films and the like. These resins have excellent thermal, electrical, physical and mechanical characteristics. Polybenzoxazole precursors are provided, represented by the general formula (A), and are used to obtain polybenzoxazole resins, represented by the general formula (D). In the formulas (A) and (D), n denotes an integer from 2-1000, and X denotes a structure having a formula selected from structures indicated at (B). In the formulas at (B), Y denotes a structure having a formula selected from those indicated at (C), and the hydrogen atom(s) on the benzene ring in these structures are optionally substituted.

Abstract: In the present method of manufacturing modified particles, a saturated vapor of a monomer B is produced in a condensing chamber, and then particles containing a monomer A, which differs from the monomer B and is polymerizable therewith, are introduced, along with an inert gas, into the condensing chamber through a particle intake. Then, a super-saturated vapor of the monomer B is created by reducing pressure using a pressurizing/depressurizing opening, thereby condensing the monomer B on the surface of the particles, and causing a polymerization reaction between the monomer A and the monomer B. With this method, spherical modified particles of uniform diameter, which include a polymer of the monomers A and B, can be obtained in a short time, by means of simple operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for directly determining the concentration of a target species, such as Fries product, in a composition comprising aromatic carbonate chain units. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes the steps of irradiating a portion of the composition with electromagnetic radiation at an excitation wavelength sufficient to cause the target species to emit a fluorescence spectrum; detecting at least a portion of the fluorescence spectrum; and determining the concentration of the target species from the fluorescence spectrum. In addition to detecting Fries product in formed polycarbonate materials, the method can also be utilized to directly determine the concentration of a target species in parallel polycarbonate reactor systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of cyclic oligocarbonates, to their production by way of mixtures of bischloroformates, and to their use for the production of linear polycarbonates and for the modification of other linear polycarbonates.

Abstract: A polycarbonate copolymer comprising the repeating structural unit represented by general formula (1-a) and at least one of the repeating structural units represented by general formulas (2-a) and (3-a) is provided.