Abstract: Photovoltaic cells with thiazole-containing polymers, as well as related components, systems, and methods, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion element exhibiting excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability in photoelectric conversion function; a method of manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element; and a solar cell thereof in order to solve the current problems.

Abstract: A method of making a polymer, including: heating, for a sufficient time and temperature, to polymerize a homogenous mixture including of at least one polymerizable monomer, and a solvent mixture comprised of at least a first liquid and a second liquid, the first liquid being a stronger solvent for the product polymer than the weaker second liquid, and the polymer product precipitates from the homogenous mixture during the heating, as defined herein. Also disclosed are semiconducting articles and printable inks prepared with the resulting narrow polydispersity polymers, as defined herein.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition including a compound represented by following General Formula (1): (in Formula (1), M represents a metal atom; X1 and X2 each independently represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; R1 represents a divalent organic group; m represents an integer of 0 or 1 or greater; p represents an integer of 1 to n; n represents a valence of a metal atom M; and Y's each independently represents an inorganic or organic residue, where when n?p is 2 or greater, Y's may be bonded to each other to form a ring containing a metal atom M), a thiol compound and an episulfide compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymerization solution for electrolytic polymerization having a small environmental load, having excellent economic efficiency and capable of producing a conductive polymer exhibiting excellent heat resistance. The polymerization solution has: a solvent consisting of 100 to 80% by mass of water and 0 to 20% by mass of an organic solvent; at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes; and at least one organic non-sulfonate supporting electrolyte having an anion with the molecular weight of 200 or more. A conductive polymer film densely filled with polymer particles is obtained by performing electrolytic polymerization using the polymerization solution. A polymer electrode provided with the conductive polymer film exerts excellent heat resistance and the electrochemical activity of the polymer electrode will hardly deteriorate even when being subjected to high temperatures.

Abstract: An organic semiconductor polymer comprising a structural unit represented by the following Formula (I), a composition for organic semiconductor material, a photovoltaic cell and a polymer. wherein Z1 and Z2 each independently represent S, O, Se or Te; R represents —SOpX, —CN, —NO2, —P(?O)(OR1)(OR2) or —C(R1?)?C(CN)2; X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group or —NR3(R4); R1, R2, R1, R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R3 and R4 may bond with each other to form a ring; and p represents 1 or 2.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a conductive polymer for solid electrolyte capacitor having outstanding solubility in solvents or dispersibility in solvents and which can produce a capacitor having outstanding capacitor characteristics in high-temperature environments. [Means Used to Resolve the Problem] A conductive polymer (A) for solid electrolyte capacitor containing substituted polythiophene (P) having thiophene repeating units (D) substituted by a least one type of group (s) selected from a group made up of a polyether group (a) indicated in general formula (1); an alkoxy group (b) having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; an alkoxy alkyl group (c) indicated in general formula (2); an alkyl group (d) having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and a group (e) indicated in general formula (3); as well as thiophene repeating units (E) wherein the hydrogen atoms at position 3 and position 4 on the thiophene ring have been substituted by group (s) and sulfo group (—SO3H) (f).

Abstract: A series of ladder-type multifused arenes (hexacyclic, heptacyclic and nonacyclic units) and the synthesizing methods thereof are provided. The ladder-type multifused arenes are copolymerized with various electron-deficient acceptor units to afford various p-type low-band gap conjugated copolymers.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electro-optic polymer comprises a host polymer and a guest nonlinear optical chromophore having the structure D-?-A, wherein: D is a donor, ? is a ?-bridge, and A is an acceptor; a bulky substituent group is covalently attached to at least one of D, ?, or A; and the bulky substituent group has at least one non-covalent interaction with part of the host polymer that impedes chromophore depoling.

Abstract: A polymer is provided according to structure I wherein Y is a thiol-reactive group and Z is an ionogenic group. The surface of a polymeric substrate is modified by contacting the surface with a polymer according to structure II or structure III and exposing the surface to ultraviolet light, optionally followed by contacting the modified surface with the polymer according to structure I.

Abstract: An organic semiconductor compound may be represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, and an organic thin film may include the organic semiconductor compound according to Chemical Formula 1 or 2.

Abstract: Described herein are improved methods of forming polymer films, the polymer films formed thereby, and electronic devices formed form the polymer films. The methods generally include contacting a polymer with a solvent to at least partially solvate the polymer in the solvent, exposing the at least partially solvated polymer and solvent to ultrasonic energy for a duration effective to form a plurality of ordered assemblies of the polymer in the solvent, and forming a solid film of the polymer, wherein the solid film comprises the plurality of ordered assemblies of the polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatuses and processes for manufacturing polymers of thiophene, benzothiophene, and their alkylated derivatives. A process for manufacturing polymers that includes isolating a sulfur-containing heterocyclic hydrocarbon from cracked naphtha and reacting the sulfur-containing heterocyclic hydrocarbon with a super acid to produce a polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are conjugated polymers having desirable properties as semiconducting materials. Such polymers can exhibit desirable electronic properties and possess processing advantages including solution-processability and/or good stability.

Abstract: Poly(5,5?-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b?]dithiophene) comprising as repeating units the group of the formula (I) wherein R is independently selected from a) a C1-20 alkyl group, b) a C2-20 alkenyl group, c) a C2-20 alkynyl group, d) a C1-20 alkoxy group, e) a —Y—C3-10 cycloalkyl group, f) a —Y—C6-14 aryl group, g) a —Y-3-12 membered cycloheteroalkyl group, or h) a —Y-5-14 membered heteroaryl group, wherein each of the C1-20 alkyl group, the C2-20 alkenyl group, the C2-20 alkynyl group, the C3-10 cycloalkyl group, the C6-14 aryl group, the 3-12 membered cycloheteroalkyl group, and the 5-14 membered heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with 1-4 R1 groups, R1 is independently selected from a) a S(O)m—C1-20 alkyl group, b) a S(O)m—OC1-20 alkyl group, c) a S(O)m—OC6-14 aryl group, d) a C(O)—OC1-20 alkyl group, e) a C(O)—OC6-14 aryl group, f) a C1-20 alkyl group, g) a C2-20 alkenyl group, h) a C2-20 alkynyl group, i) a C1-20 alkoxy group, j) a C3-10 cycloalkyl group, k) a C6-14 aryl group, l) a 3-12 me

Abstract: Substituted 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene monomers may be prepared by reacting 3-allyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine or 3,3-diallyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine with a thiol having a hydrocarbyl moiety optionally containing one or more heteroatom-containing functional groups under radical addition conditions under radical addition conditions. Such monomers may be used in homo- or copolymerization processes to obtain thiophene-type polymers containing substituents (which may bear functional groups such as silane, thiol, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, amine, sugar groups, polyoxyalkylene, and the like). Crosslinkers useful for introducing crosslinking into thiophene-type polymers may be prepared by reacting 3-allyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine with a compound having two or more thiol groups under radical addition conditions.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a resin compound for optical material, comprising (a) an episulfide compound represented by a specific structural formula, (b) a xylylenedithiol compound and (c) a xylylenediisocyanate compound can be provided. In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, a resin compound for optical material having superb optical properties, a high density and a high thermal resistance can be provided. Also according to the present invention, an optical material obtained by curing the above-described resin compound can be provided.

Abstract: A semiconducting copolythiophene composition that includes repeating units obtained from the copolymerization of compounds of Formula (2): and Formula (3): in which the copolythiophene has at least two repeating units (possessing side chains, such as alkyl side chains), which are arranged in manner such that the side chains on the polythiophene backbone are distributed non-uniformly, is described. Electronic devices incorporating such copolythiophene compositions are also described.

Abstract: An electron donating organic material includes a benzothiadiazole compound including (a) a benzothiadiazole skeleton and (b) an oligothiophene skeleton, and having a band gap (Eg) of 1.8 eV or less, and a level of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of ?4.8 eV or less, wherein said benzothiadiazole compound is formed by covalently combining the benzothiadiazole skeleton and the oligothiophene skeleton alternately, a proportion between the benzothiadiazole skeleton and the oligothiophene skeleton is within a range of 1:1 to 1:2 (however, excluding 1:1), and the number of thiophene rings contained in an oligothiophene skeleton is 3 or more and 12 or less.

Abstract: Redox reactions that occur at the electrodes of batteries require transport of both ions and electrons to the active centers. Reported is the synthesis of a block copolymer that exhibits simultaneous electronic and ionic conduction. A combination of Grignard metathesis polymerization and click reaction was used successively to synthesize the block copolymer containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments. The P3HT-PEO/LiTFSI mixture was then used to make a lithium battery cathode with LiFePO4 as the only other component. All-solid lithium batteries of the cathode described above, a solid electrolyte and a lithium foil as the anode showed capacities within experimental error of the theoretical capacity of the battery. The ability of P3HT-PEO to serve all of the transport and binding functions required in a lithium battery electrode is thus demonstrated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an organic semiconductor excellent in the photoelectric conversion efficiency and also a solar cell using the same. This organic semiconductor has a polymer structure comprising a repeating unit represented by the following formula (I): -[A-D]- (I). In the formula, A is a structure represented by and D is a structure having a benzodithiophene skeleton or the like. In the above, R1 is independently H, a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy group. The solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises an active layer containing the organic semiconductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of polythiophene (PAT) copolymers, and their use as conductive polymers in final applications. Specifically, copolymers of PAT with (meth)acrylates, or amides are useful as additives in blends of different polymer matrices in many commercial applications.

Abstract: Green to transmissive soluble electrochromic polymers are conjugated polymers having a plurality of repeating units where repeating units are a plurality of substituted dioxyheterocycle based donor groups coupled to an acceptor group. The conjugated polymer absorbs radiation within a first band of the visible spectrum and a second band of the visible spectrum when in a neutral state resulting in a green color and is transmissive when in an oxidized state. The polymers are soluble allowing processing of films and coatings from solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 2,7-carbazole-containing polymer represented by formula 1 and an organic photovoltaic device comprising the conductive polymer as a photoelectric conversion material. The conductive polymer has high photon absorption efficiency and improved hole mobility and is prepared by introducing a specific amount of a carbazole compound either into a polymer, consisting only of a donor functional group containing one or more aromatic monomers, or into a donor-acceptor type polymer comprising a repeating acceptor group introduced into a donor functional group. The conductive polymer can be used as a photoelectric conversion material for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) or organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Furthermore, the invention provides an organic photovoltaic device comprising the carbazole-containing conductive polymer as an electron donor, and thus can achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency in organic thin film solar cells.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to alternating donor-acceptor (DA) polymers that are soluble and display a blue or green neutral state that oxidizes to a transmissive state for use as an electrochromic polymer. The D units have 3,4-dioxythiophene, 3,6-dialkoxythieno[3,2-b]thiophene or 3,5-dialkoxy-dithieno[3,2-b:2?,3?-d]thiophene groups. Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method for preparation of the alternating DA polymeric sequences of the DA polymers by a cross-condensation of a nucleophilic acceptor monomer and an electrophilic donor monomer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an assembly of photovoltaic cells having at least two different earth-toned colors, where different colors are situated in different cells, the cells color being defined by the donor-acceptor (DA) ?-conjugated polymer and an acceptor moiety combination comprising the photoactive layer of the cell, and where the different colored solar cells are coupled into an assembly. The assembly can be flexible and can have colors specifically arranged in a camouflage or other pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The disclosed compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The disclosed compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) and to the use thereof in electronic devices. The invention furthermore relates to electronic devices, preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs), comprising one or more com-pounds of the formula (I). The invention again furthermore relates to the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) and to formulations comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: A improved process for preparing a conductive polymer dispersion is provided as is an improved method for making capacitors using the conductive polymer. The process includes providing a monomer solution and shearing the monomer solution with a rotor-stator mixing system comprising a perforated stator screen having perforations thereby forming droplets of said monomer. The droplets of monomer are then polymerized during shearing to form the conductive polymer dispersion.

Abstract: An organic electronic device may include an organic semiconductor compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2. Each substituent of the above Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 may be the same as described in the detailed description.

Abstract: Compounds having a core comprised of an aromatic ring and at least two annulated beta-substituted fused thiophene ring systems of the general formula: -(?-R2—FT2ArFT2-?-R2)—, and polymers or copolymers thereof, of the general formulas: -{-(?-R2—FT2ArFT2-?-R2)-G1-}n-, or -{-G1-(?-R2—FT2ArFT2-?-R2)-G1-G2-}n-, where ?-R2—FT2ArFT2-?-R2, -G1-, -G2-, and n are as defined herein. Also disclosed are compositions, articles, or devices comprising the polymers, and methods for making and using the polymers. The compositions, articles, or devices can be used, for example, for electronic applications, such as light emitting devices and semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A polymer having a repeating unit structure represented by the following general formula (1), wherein in general formula (1), Ph is a phenyl group; X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or a tellurium atom; and R1 and R1 each independently contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a chained saturated hydrocarbon group, a chained unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a phenyl group, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a nitro group and a nitroso group.

Abstract: An electrolytic material formulation and a polymer polymerized therefrom are provided. The formulation includes: (a) a monomer of formula (I); and (b) a monomer of formula (II), wherein, A, X, B1, B2, R1 to R3, q and w are defined as recited in the specification, and the amount of monomer (b) is about 1 part by weight to about 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of monomer (a). The polymer is useful as an electrolytic material of a solid capacitor.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel copolymers comprising indenofluorene units and units of thiophene or its derivatives, to organic semiconductor (OSC) materials and organic electroluminescent materials comprising the copolymers, to the use of the copolymers and materials in electronic, electroluminescent or electrooptical devices, and to devices comprising the copolymers or materials.

Abstract: An optical film that is excellent not only in transparency and heat resistance but also in solubility in an organic solvent and linear thermal expansion coefficient. Also, a product or a member which meets high demands for heat resistance and low linear thermal expansion coefficient with the use of the optical film, more specifically a transparent substrate using the optical film, and an image display device and a solar cell including the optical film or the transparent substrate. The optical film contains a polyimide having a specific structure in which a repeating unit of a chain of a polymer has both an amide group and an imide group and the polymer has a fluorine atom. The polyimide is obtained by mixing a dehydrating agent and an imidizing agent with a polyamic acid solution so as to imidize the polyamic acid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to alternating donor-acceptor (DA) polymers that are soluble and display a blue or green neutral state that oxidizes to a transmissive state for use as an electrochromic polymer. The D units have 3,4-dioxythiophene, 3,6-dialkoxythieno[3,2-b]thiophene or 3,5-dialkoxy-dithieno[3,2-b:2?,3?-d]thiophene groups. Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method for preparation of the alternating DA polymeric sequences of the DA polymers by a cross-condensation of a nucleophilic acceptor monomer and an electrophilic donor monomer.

Abstract: There is provided an electroactive material having Formula I wherein: Q is the same or different at each occurrence and can be O, S, Se, Te, NR, SO, SO2, or SiR3; R is the same or different at each occurrence and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and R1 through R6 are the same or different and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylthio, phosphino, silyl, —COR, —COOR, —PO3R2, —OPO3R2, or CN.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor comprises a semiconducting layer comprising a semiconducting material selected from Formula (I) or (II): wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 a, b, and n are as described herein. Semiconducting compositions of Formula (I) or (II) are also described.

Abstract: Novel photoactive polymers, as well as related components, articles, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to random conjugated copolymers comprising a plurality of one or more different donor (D) repeating units and a plurality of at least one acceptor (A) repeating unit. At least one of the D units has a solubilizing substituent, statistically a portion of the A repeating units are separated from each other by only one D units and a plurality of the A unit are adjacent to one the D units having the solubilizing substituents. The random conjugated copolymers are black or colored in the neutral state and highly transmissive in the oxidized state. The random conjugated copolymers have the structure -[(D)xA]n-, where x>1 and n(x+1)?10 or the structure -[(DA))x-(D?A)y]n-, where D represents one substituted D unit and D? represents another D units and where x?1, y?1 and 2n(x+y)?10.

Abstract: A composition comprising a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising bithiophene units for use in, for example, low band gap materials including uses in organic photovoltaic active layers. The band gap and other properties can be engineered by polymerization methods including selection of monomer structure and ratio of monomer components. In addition, a dimer adapted for making alternating copolymers further comprising one first monomer moiety comprising at least one bithiophene moiety compound covalently linked to one second monomer moiety comprising a different bithiophene moiety or at least one moiety that is not a bithiophene. The composition can be copolymerized to form an alternating copolymer that can be further processed to form a polymeric film used in a printed organic electronic device.

Abstract: A conductive film which is excellent in moist heat resistance, conductivity, transparency and coating film strength. The conductive film comprises a base film and a coating layer formed on the base film by curing a composition comprising: (i) a conducting polymer containing a polycationic polythiophene having a recurring unit represented by the following formula (1) as the main constituent and a polyanion (component A): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or bonded together to form an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted arbitrarily; (ii) a water-soluble compound having at least one hydrophilic group selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene group and sulfonate group (component B); and (iii) a crosslinking agent having a glycidyl group (component C), and which has a surface resistance change rate after it is treated at a temperature of 60° C. and a humidity of 90% for 240 hours of 160% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer comprising a unit of formula and an electronic device comprising the polymer as semiconducting material.

Abstract: Novel Semiconducting photovoltaic polymers with conjugated units that provide improved solar conversion efficiency that can be used in electro-optical and electric devices. The polymers exhibit increased solar conversion efficiency in solar devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer comprising a unit of formula and an electronic device comprising the polymer as semiconducting material.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions containing at least one metal thietane compound represented by general formulas (110), (201) or (120), respectively, wherein said formulas are as follows: and wherein the identified moieties and n, p, q and r are defined.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions including heterocyclic organic compounds based on fused thiophene compounds, polymers based on fused thiophene compounds, and methods for making the monomers and polymer along with uses in thin film-based and other devices.

Abstract: Light-emitting composition comprising a host polymer and a light emitting dopant wherein the host polymer comprises conjugating repeat units and non-conjugating repeat units in a backbone of the polymer and wherein: the conjugating repeat units provide at least one conjugation path between repeat units linked thereto; and the non-conjugating repeat units comprise an at least partially saturated ring having at least one ring atom that breaks any conjugation path between repeat units linked to the non-conjugating repeat unit such that a highest occupied molecular orbital level of the polymer is further from vacuum level by at least 0.1 eV and/or a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the polymer is closer to vacuum level by at least 0.1 eV as compared to a polymer in which the non-conjugating repeat units are absent.

Abstract: A soluble donor-acceptor electrochromic polymer (DA-ECP) is prepared that absorbs light throughout at least the majority of the visible range and is essentially black to the human eye when in the neutral state, but is highly transmissive when electrochemically doped. The conjugated polymer has acceptor units separated by sequences of a plurality of donor units. The sequences can be monodispersed or polydispersed. The DA-ECP is prepared by the polycondensation of a plurality of at least one donor-acceptor oligomer (DA-oligomer) that has at least one internal acceptor repeating unit and at least one donor repeating unit on all termini of the oligomer, and optionally, a plurality of at least one donor monomer and/or donor oligomer.

Abstract: Disclosed are new conjugated compounds (e.g., monomers and polymers) that include ladder-type moieties which can be used for preparing semiconducting materials. Such conjugated compounds can exhibit high n-type carrier mobility and/or good current modulation characteristics. Compounds of the present teachings also can exhibit ambipolar semiconducting activity. In addition, the compounds of the present teachings can possess certain processing advantages such as solution-processability and/or good stability in ambient conditions.