Abstract: The compound, [Pd(Me-DUPHOS)(MeCN).sub.2 ](BF.sub.4).sub.2, [Me-DUPHOS: 1,2-bis(2,5-dimethylphospholano)benzene] is an effective catalyst for the highly enantioselective, alternating copolymerization of olefins, such as aliphatic .alpha.-olefins, with carbon monoxide to form optically active, isotactic polymers which can serve as excellent starting materials for the synthesis of other classes of chiral polymers. For example, the complete reduction of a propylene-carbon monoxide copolymer resulted in the formation of a novel, optically active poly(1,4-alcohol).

Abstract: Soluble polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units are obtainable by cationically initiated addition polymerization of(a) compounds containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups, and(b) divinyl ethers containing terminal vinyl ether groups, or mixtures of such divinyl ethers and monovinyl ethers, in the presence or absence of(c) dihydroxy compounds and/or monohydroxy compounds, and are useful as admixture in phosphate-reduced and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners and as dispersant for finely divided minerals.

Abstract: Copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and propoxylated allyl alcohols having an average of 2 or less oxypropylene groups are disclosed. The copolymers, which have hydroxyl numbers of 80-260 mg KOH/g and number average molecular weights from 500-3500, are particularly useful for polyurethanes, alkyd resins and coatings, melamine-based coatings, and unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: Low molecular weight cyclic oligomers of formula (I) ##STR1## in which n is an integer of 2 to 20, and each C in the oligomer is a radical of formula (II): ##STR2## and each X in the oligomer is --O--R--O-- or --S--R--S--, B and D are both carbonyl groups CO, or together represent a divalent radical of formula ##STR3## in which A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 A.sub.4, Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 are selected from a variety of aromatic radicals, A.sub.1, A.sub.2, Ar.sub.3 and Ar.sub.4 also possibly being hydrogen, are useful in the production of high molecular weight, linear, polyketones, polyphthalazines and polyisoquinolines; the cyclic oligomers have low melt viscosities when heated above their softening temperatures and can be readily molded, whereafter they can be ring-open polymerized to form molded high molecular weight polymer products with excellent properties.

Abstract: A polyketone is contacted with an organic peroxyacid in a reactive, oxidization, slurry process to produce a polyester polymer.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and ethylene are polymerized in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst formed from a Group VIII metal source, such as palladium, a bidentate ligand containing a Group VA or VIA heteroatom, such as phosphorus, and an anion which is a non-coordinating, non-acidic tetrasubstituted anion containing a Group IIIA element, such as boron, with the anion preferably being either an unsubstituted or substituted boron tetraphenyl compound.

Abstract: There is provided in accordance with the present invention polyphenylene ether/polyalkyleneterephthalamide compositions of high dimensional stabilities that are suitable for high temeprature applications comprising from about 20 to about 70 weight % of a functionalized polyphenylene ether; from about 20 to about 70 weight % of a polyalkyleneterephthalamide, wherein the polyalkyleneterephthalamide is derived from terephthalic acid and an .alpha.,.omega.-alkanediamine having 10 to 14 methylene groups; and from about 0 to about 20 weight % of a functionalized elastomeric polymer, wherein the blend absorbs less than 2 wt % of moisture and has a dimensional growth in water of less than 0.5%.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymer polyols and a method for preparing polymer polyols which have (1) exceptional dispersion stability, especially at high styrene contents, and (2) substantially smaller particle sizes than polymer polyols having equivalent viscosity. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first reaction product is obtained by feeding the following materials to a first continuous reactor in the presence of a free radical initiator or catalyst: (a) less than about 50 wt. % of a total monomer proportion or monomer mixture, preferably comprising styrene/acrylonitrile at a ratio preferably greater than about 50/50 wt. %; (b) at least about 50 wt. % of a total base polyol proportion; (c) a majority of a precursor stabilizer; and, (d) a polymer control agent (PCA).

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and ethylene are polymerized in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst formed from a Group VIII metal source, such as palladium, a bidentate ligand containing a Group VA or VIA heteroatom, such as phosphorus, and an anion which is a non-coordinating, non-acidic tetrasubstituted anion containing a Group IIIA element, such as boron, with the anion preferably being either an unsubstituted or substituted boron tetraphenyl compound.

Abstract: Polysuccinimide is prepared by reacting an unsaturated C.sub.2 dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof, e.g., maleic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic anhydride, with a particulate ammonium salt that is thermally decomposable to liberate ammonia. The reaction is carried out at a temperature which is above the thermal decomposition temperature of the ammonium salt and for a time period which is sufficient for the acid or anhydride to react with the ammonia liberated from the ammonium salt and for polymerization to occur. The present method avoids the prior art problems of controlling ammonia losses and water removal. The product polysuccinimide can be readily hydrolyzed to polyaspartic acid or a salt thereof, if desired.

Abstract: It is disclosed a linear random copolymer of carbon monoxide and one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds wherein the polymer chain contains units originating from the olefinically unsaturated compound(s) and monomer units originating from carbon monoxide in a molar ratio of from 52.5:47.5 to 80:20.It is further disclosed a process for the preparation of linear random copolymers of carbon monoxide and one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds, wherein the monomers are contacted with a catalyst composition comprising a source of palladium and an anionic phosphorus monodentate ligand in a molar ratio of carbon monoxide to the olefinically unsaturated compound(s) in the range of from 1:30 to 1:3.

Abstract: It is disclosed a toughened polyamide comprising a polyamide, such as Nylon 6, and a minor amount of a linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one or more ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon. The toughened polyamide has and exhibits improved properties such as Notched Izod strength and flexural modulus and can be used in the manufacture of articles suitable in many applications.

Abstract: It is herein disclosed crosslinked or latently crosslinkable polyketone polymer comprising the polymer, and a minor amount of an iodide salt, wherein the crosslinking is induced by the action of heat and oxygen. It is also disclosed a process for producing crosslinked or crosslinkable polyketone polymers comprising contacting and admixing the polymer and at least one iodide salt prior to exposure to the action of heat and oxygen.

Abstract: Cationic urea/formaldehyde resins are obtainable by condensing urea and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of from 1:1.5 to 1:3 in the presence of polymers which contain not less than 1 mol % of polymerized vinylamine units and have Fikentscher K values of from 5 to 300, in an amount of from 5 to 50 g per mole of urea in the end product, where the mixture is first a) precondensed at a pH of from 8 to 14, then acidified and b) condensed at a pH of from 1 to 5 until gel formation begins, c) then from 0.3 to 1.5 moles of formaldehyde are added per mole of urea used, d) post-condensation is carried out and e) the resin solution is subsequently neutralized. The resins thus obtained are used in papermaking as assistants for increasing the dry and wet strength of paper and result in less dulling of the whiteness of the paper.

Abstract: Compositions of an ethylene/carbon monoxide copolymer and a second component serving as swelling agent or gelling or non-gelling solvent, which are suited to be moulded below the melting point of the copolymer using the customary moulding techniques, and the second component of which is chosen from a group so far not known as possible components of compositions of ethylene/carbon monoxide copolymers.

Abstract: Polysuccinimide, polyaspartic acid and their salts are prepared by reaction of maleic anhydride and ammonia, polycondensation of the resulting product in the presence of a solubilizing agent and, if appropriate, hydrolysis.

Abstract: An improved coating composition having one or more polymeric binders dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the improvement comprises an anti-sag and anti-settling effective amount of oxidized ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylic polymer latex comprising the polymerization product of an acetoacetate moiety of the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl groups and X is a halogen, in amounts effective to improve the water resistance of the acrylic latex; and at least one monomer(s) selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 monocarboxylic acids, C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids and their C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 half esters, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl esters of acrylic acid, C.sub.1 C.sub.10 alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, styrene, halogenated styrene and substituted styrene and latex compositions containing the novel latexes.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate and polycyanamide compositions containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties, when cured, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: Polyketones can be formed in enhanced yield by conducting the polymerization of the carbon monoxide and olefin monomers used to form the polyketone in a gas phase polymerization process in the presence of a polyketone catalyst support which is substantially saturated with an amount of a liquid, non-polymerizable diluent which is effective in increasing the amount of polyketone formed over that which would be formed in the substantial absence of the diluent. The catalyst support which is substantially saturated with the liquid, non-polymerizable diluent is formed in a previous solution polymerization step in which the polyketone catalyst support is formed by polymerizing carbon monoxide and an olefin in the diluent comprising a catalyst so that the polymer which is formed adsorbs substantially all the diluent followed by continuation of the reaction substantially in the gas phase in the presence of the saturated polyketone catalyst support.

Abstract: It is herein disclosed a process for the preparation of copolymers of carbon monoxide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds by reacting the monomers under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system consisting essentially of:a) a source of cations of one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table;b) a bidentate ligand;c) a source of anions; andin the further presence of a diluent in which the copolymers are insoluble or virtually insoluble, and of an acid, wherein the molar ratio between the acid and the metal(s) of Group VIII, at least during the initial stage of the polymerization is at least 5.1. Copolymers prepared according to the inventive process have and exhibit improved bulk density, and shaped articles of manufacture can be manufactured by utilizing such copolymers.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate and polycyanamide compositions containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties, when cured, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of polyhydroxyl compounds having a hydroxyl group content of 2 to 10% by weight and a viscosity at 23.degree. C. of 250 to 80,000 mPa.s by the radically initiated polymerization at a reaction temperature of 80.degree. to 220.degree. C. ofa) 100 parts by weight of a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers containing at least 1% by weight of monomers containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups in the presence ofb) 5 to 500 total parts by weight, which may be present at the beginning of the reaction or added during the reaction, of one or more cyclic compounds which, in the presence of initiator compounds containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups, are capable of a ring-opening polymerization reaction andc) 2 to 300 parts by weight, which may be present at the beginning of the reaction or added during the reaction, of one or more polyhydric alcohols having a molecular weight of 62 to 1000.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers by reacting carbon monoxide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds under polymerizable conditions in the substantial absence of a liquid non-polymerizable diluent and in the presence of a catalyst system consisting essentially of:(a) a source of cations of one or more noble metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table;(b) a source of anions of acids having a pKa of less than 4;(c) a source of cations of one of more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, manganese, lead, zinc, magnesium, iron (II), copper (II), lanthanum and neodymium and(d) a source of bidentate ligands.

Abstract: New bile acid sequestrant polymer compositions and a process for preparing the polymers in particulate form, preferably in spherical form, are described. The polymer particles are prepared by crosslinking an amine-containing polymer with an amount of a polyfunctional amine-reactive compound sufficient to crosslink the polymer so that it is essentially water insoluble and has bile acid sequestering efficacy greater than that of cholestyramine, preferably greater than about three times the efficacy of cholestyramine. A preferred polymerization process involves suspension polymerization of water-soluble amine-containing monomers, such as dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate esters and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides, in the presence of polyfunctional amine-reactive compounds, such as substituted dihaloalkanes. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the bile acid sequestrant polymer particles and a method for lowering blood cholesterol levels using the pharmaceutical compositions are also discribed.

Abstract: This invention relates to high temperature aqueous processes for the polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic monomers to produce low molecular weight, water-soluble polymer products useful as detergent additives, scale inhibitors, dispersants and crystal growth modifiers. Suitable monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, crotonic acid, and itaconic acid. The reactions are run at temperatures ranging from about 130.degree. C. to 240.degree. C., preferably from about 140.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C. The process can be continuous, semi-continuous, or batch.

Abstract: Polyketones can be formed in enhanced yield by conducting the polymerization of the carbon monoxide and olefin monomers used to form the polyketone in a gas phase polymerization process in the presence of an effective amount of a liquid, non-polymerizable diluent which is effective in increasing the amount of polyketone formed over that which would be formed in the substantial absence of the diluent. Preferably, the catalyst is supported on a high surface area support (e.g., a carbon monoxide-ethylene high surface area support). Hydrogen gas can be used to reduce the molecular weight and increase the bulk density and thermal stability of the polyketone product.

Abstract: A catalyst composition useful in polymerizing carbon monoxide with one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds is presented. The catalyst composition comprises a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and an anion which is weakly or non-coordinating with the Group VIII metal and which includes an oxidant moiety in its molecular structure. A process for the preparation of copolymers catalyzed by this composition is also presented.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers of carbon monoxide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated non-aromatic compounds by contacting the monomers, under polymerization conditions, with a catalyst system consisting essentially of palladium, a bisphosphine ligand and a source of anions, derived from the conjugated base of acids having a pKa of less than 4, in the additional presence of a 1-alkenyl substituted arylgroup containing compound.

Abstract: A catalyst active in the preparation of alternating olefin/carbon monoxide (CO) copolymers is constituted by:(a) Pd(O.sub.2 CNEt.sub.2).sub.2 (NHET.sub.2).sub.2 supported on a solid carrier preferably constituted by hydroxylated silica,(b) an either mono- or bidentate ligand containing one or two nitrogen or phosphorous atoms capable of linking to Pd atom by dative bonds,(c) a mineral or organic acid.Disclosed are the preparation of the catalyst and the use of said catalyst in alternated copolymerization of ethylene (C2) and/or other olefins with carbon monoxide (CO).

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polyether compounds obtained by the reaction or polymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene in the presence of a palladium(O) catalyst and a nucleophilic initiator compound. The polyether compounds comprise n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein the total value of n+m is 2 to 70, m/(n+m) is greater than 0.30 and up to 0.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing with industrially good efficiency a polyester having a high melting point and biodegradability. In this process, ring-opening copolymerization of a cyclic acid anhydride containing succinic anhydride as a main component with a cyclic ether containing ethylene oxide as a main component is carried out in the presence of a catalyst by introducing successively the cyclic ether into a reaction vessel containing the cyclic acid anhydride in a melting state or solution state. The rate per hour of introducing the cyclic ether is within the range of 3 to 90 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the cyclic acid anhydride, and the reaction vessel has an inside pressure within the range of atmospheric pressure to 50 kgf/cm.sup.2 as a gauge pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyketones by polymerizing a mixture of carbon monoxide and one or more olefins in the presence of a group VIII metal catalyst which is prepared by reacting together:(a) a source of a group VIII metal, and(b) an amine, phosphine, arsine or stibine, characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a hydrocarbyl aluminoxane is disclosed.The group VIII metal is preferably palladium. The aluminoxane can be of the formula [(R.sup.3 R.sup.4 Al).sub.2 O].sub.n " or [R.sup.5 AlO].sub.n ".sub.+2, where n" is 2-40 and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A linear alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide and propylene, which is substantially free of ester and ether linkages, is formed by the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide and propylene in a ketone solvent medium (e.g., acetone). Acid end groups can be introduced if a mixture of water and ketone is used.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of linear alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide and an ethylenically unsaturated compound by polymerizing the monomers in the presence of a suitable catalyst system, one or more components present in the reaction mixture being contaminated with alkali(ne earth) metal salt(s), which process involves a treatment by which at least part of the alkali(ne earth) metal salt is removed such that the total amount of alkali(ne earth) metals present in the copolymerization product is less than 1 part per million by weight; a copolymer composition comprising said copolymer, an alkali(ne earth) metal salt contaminant and a stabilizing quantity of a substance which is able to bind at least part of the alkali(ne earth) metal salt.

Abstract: This invention is a low cost styrene-soluble unsaturated polyester resin made using recycled or virgin polyethylene terephthalate. The PET is first glycolyzed using inexpensive glycols and then reacted with maleic anhydride and dicyclopentadiene, forming polyesters containing cyclopentadiene added by Diels-Alder reaction and/or norbornyl-terminated polyesters.

Abstract: Polyacetals useful as reduced-phosphate or phosphate-free detergent and cleaner additives are obtainable by cationically initiated polyaddition of(a) divinyl ethers and(b) dihydroxy compounds and also, optionally,(c) monohydroxy compoundsand have K values of from 8 to 100.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide in a suitable solvent system and in the presence of an amidine or guanidine base, to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted in a polar aprotic solvent with a hydrocarbyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: Linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon of relatively high bulk density is produced by contacting the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon under polymerization conditions in the presence of a reaction diluent and a catalyst composition formed from a compound of palladium, at least 5 mols per mol of palladium of strong, non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus wherein each monovalent phosphorus substituent is characterized by a carbon atom having no more than one hydrogen substituent, which carbon atom is connected to the phosphorus by a methylene group.

Abstract: It is herein disclosed a composite system consisting essentially of a polyketone polymer and an aminated polyolefin, produced by reacting a polyolefin with excess diamine to form an imide with a free primary amine, and causing the primary amine to react with a polyketone chain to form a pyrrole. These reactions can occur during inter alia a co-extrusion hot coating application or blending process. In all cases, compatibilization is achieved by the formation of polyketone/polyolefin graft copolymers at the interface of the polymers.

Abstract: Polymers having a very good combination of chemical, mechanical and process properties, and particularly useable either alone or as mixtures, as high-tenacity thermoplastic polymer and as elastomers or elastomeric modifiers, contain, randomly distributed along their chain, repeating cycloketonic structural units having the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: A represents a tetravalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, substituted or non-substituted moiety containing a total number of from 4 to 50, preferably from 4 to 20, carbon atoms.Such polymers can be prepared by means of a process which comprises reacting, in a liquid media, a polydiene containing adjacent structural units derived from the 1,4-cis polymerization of conjugated dienes, with carbon monoxide, in the presence of free radical generating compounds and, optionally, a compound capable of acting as a hydrogen donor.

Abstract: Polyaspartate, useful for inhibition of incrustations due to materials causing hardness in water and of value in detergent formulations, can be prepared by reacting maleic acid or fumaric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1-2.1 at temperatures greater than 190.degree. C., followed by conversion of the polymer formed in this reaction to a salt of polyaspartic acid by basic hydrolysis.

Abstract: A self-doped conducting polymer having along its backbone a .pi.-electron conjugated system which comprises a plurality of monomer units, between about 0.01 and 100 mole % of the units having covalently linked thereto at least one Bronsted acid group. The conductive zwitterionic polymer is also provided, as are monomers useful in the preparation of the polymer and electrodes comprising the polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymer polyols and a method for preparing polymer polyols which have (1) exceptional dispersion stability, especially at high styrene contents, and (2) substantially smaller particle sizes than polymer polyols having equivalent viscosity. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first reaction product is obtained by feeding the following materials to a first continuous reactor in the presence of a free radical initiator or catalyst: (a) less than about 50 wt % of a total monomer proportion or monomer mixture, preferably comprising styrene/acrylonitrile at a ratio preferably greater than about 50/50 wt %; (b) at least about 50 wt % of a total base polyol proportion; (c) a majority of a precursor stabilizer; and, (d) a polymer control agent (PCA).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing palladium from a contaminated polyketone containing palladium which comprises contacting the contaminated polyketone with an olefin in the substantial absence of carbon monoxide at a temperature above the temperature at which the polyketone was formed and in a solvent in which the contaminated polyketone is insoluble. The process is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid. The temperature at which the process is carried out is preferably at least 20.degree. C. greater than the polymerization temperature.

Abstract: Polyketone polymers comprising a repeating structure of the general formula, ##STR1## wherein each D, independently, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of up to 4 carbon atoms and X represents a divalent bridging group of formulas, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are hydrogen or an alkyl group of up to 4 carbon atoms and B represents an inert divalent bridging group and a process for their preparation. The invention also relates to a novel process for the preparation of these novel polyketone polymers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers of carbon monoxide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds by contacting the monomers, under polymerization conditions, with a catalyst system comprising a) a source of cations of one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and b) a bidentate ligand, and c) a minor amount of a compound containing a hydride moiety. Copolymers made by this process generally have low molecular weights.

Abstract: Functional-amine polyesters have at least a first residue of a first monomer, a second residue of a second monomer and from about 0.1 to about 3.0 mole percent of a functional-amine residue of a functional amine prepared by reacting the first and second monomers and the functional amine in an inert atmosphere. The functional amine has a functional group which facilitates polymerizing the amine and the first and second monomers. The amine residue facilitates reaction of the functional-amine polyester in an organic peroxide cross-linking reaction system.

Abstract: Novel and previously contra-indicated alpha-olefin/carbon monoxide alternating copolymers are disclosed, together with polymerization methods and novel catalysts therefor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers of carbon monoxide and olefinically unsaturated compounds in the presence of an aprotic solvent and a catalyst system consisting essentially of:(a) a Group VIII metal,(b) an acid or an anion thereof having a pKa of less than 2, and(c) a phosphorus bidentate ligand of the general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 P-R-P-R.sup.1 R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent identical or different aliphatic alkyl groups and R is a divalent organic bridging group containing at least two carbon atoms in the bridge connecting the two phosphorus atoms,wherein the copolymerization is carried out in the additional presence of hydrogen, while the molar ratio of catalyst component (c) to catalyst component (a) is in the range of from 1 to 10.