Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for the detection of targets in a sample; in particular, an in situ hybridization (ISH) sample. Probes and detectable labels may be provided in multiple layers in order to increase the flexibility of a detection system, and to allow for amplification to enhance the signal from a target. The layers may be created by incorporating probes and detectable labels into larger molecular units that interact through nucleic acids base-pairing, including peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) base-pairing. Optional non-natural bases allow for degenerate base pairing schemes. The compositions and methods are also compatible with immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry, enzyme immuno-assays (EIA), enzyme linked immuno-assays (ELISA), blotting methods (e.g. Western, Southern, and Northern), labeling inside electrophoresis systems or on surfaces or arrays, and precipitation, among other general detection assay formats.

Abstract: A curable composition including (a) at least one divinylarene dioxide; (b) at least one polyol; and (c) at least one latent cure catalyst.

Abstract: Embodiments include oxazolidone ring containing adducts obtainable by combining an aliphatic epoxy compound, an aromatic epoxy compound, and a diisocyanate. Embodiments further include a curable powder coating composition including a resin component and a hardener component, where the resin component includes the oxazolidone ring containing adduct.

Abstract: PROBLEM There is provided a method for producing polylactic acid, which is capable of obtaining polylactic acid at low cost, and having high molecular weight. SOLUTION A method for producing polylactic acid by polymerizing molten lactide using at least one reactor having plug flow characteristics with ?(?), calculated from the following FORMULA (1), of 0.3 or smaller: ?(?)=?0?(E(?)×ABS(1??))d???(1) in the Formula (1), E(?) is a residence time distribution function determined by impulse response by starch syrup having a viscosity of 3 Pa·s, and ? is ratio of elapsed time ? and mean residence time ?0.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a polycarbonate resin having a repeat unit represented by the following formula (1) and a repeat unit represented by the following general formula (2), and an optical film using the same, can be provided. In the formula, Y is a cycloalkylene group having a carbon number of 4 through 20 or a structure represented by the following general formula (3). In the general formula (3), R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 through 5.

Abstract: A novel hydroxyl-functional polyether derived from the reaction of (a) a divinylarene dioxide, particularly a divinylarene dioxide derived from divinylbenzene such as divinylbenzene dioxide (DVBDO); and (b) a diphenol; wherein the reaction product is thermally stable and exhibits an absence of self-polymerization (crosslinking or gelling) upon heating at elevated temperatures. The novel hydroxyl-functional polyether offers improved properties compared to known hydroxyl-functional polyethers such as solid epoxy resins, phenolic epoxy resins (hardeners), and poly(hydroxyl ethers).

Abstract: A curable composition including (a) at least one divinylarene dioxide; (b) at least one polyol; and (c) at least one cure catalyst, said cure catalyst being effective in catalyzing the reaction between the divinylarene dioxide and the polyol and being active at ambient and higher temperatures, wherein the curable composition forms a compatible mixture; and cured compositions prepared from the curable composition.

Abstract: Substituted selenophene monomers, and polymers and copolymers having units derived from a substituted selenophene are disclosed. Also provided are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: An epoxy resin is provided that includes a diglycidyl ether of a substituted cycloaliphatic diol or bis-thiol, and a thermoset epoxy polymer is provided employing the same. The epoxy resin is bisphenol A free, and capable of forming thermoset epoxy polymers with fewer associated health and environmental concerns than conventional epoxies based on phenolic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conjugate of a protein or peptide with a polyethylene glycol derivative having catechol, wherein the protein or peptide is mono-PEGylated at the N-terminal with the polyethylene glycol derivative, and to a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the catechol-PEG derivative can be site-specifically conjugated with the N-terminal amine group of a protein or peptide, so that a homogeneous polyethylene glycol-protein or -peptide conjugate can be obtained in high yield. Unlike a prior art conjugate, the conjugate obtained according to the invention allows the decrease in the activity of the protein to be minimized without chemically modifying the protein, and thus the conjugate has an excellent pharmacological effect. Also, because the conjugate is homogeneous, the process for preparing the conjugate can be simplified. Moreover, the conjugate has uniform biological efficacy in vivo and shows strong resistance to hydrolysis and thus a long in vivo duration time.

Abstract: A thermosettable (curable) epoxy resin composition including (A) a residual oligomeric product; wherein the residual oligomeric product comprises a polyfunctional aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which has been isolated from an epoxy resin product formed as a result of an epoxidation process comprising the reaction of (i) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl-containing material with (ii) an epihalohydrin, (iii) a basic-acting substance, (iv) a non-Lewis acid catalyst, and (V) optionally one or more solvents; (B) an epoxy curing material comprising (i) an epoxy resin curing agent, (ii) an epoxy resin catalyst, or both an epoxy resin curing agent (i) and an epoxy resin catalyst (ii); and (C) optionally, an epoxy resin compound other than the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyfunctional epoxy resin (A). A thermoset may also be made from the above thermosettable composition.

Abstract: Substituted selenophene monomers, and polymers and copolymers having units derived from a substituted selenophene are disclosed. Also provided are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin including the steps of: (I) reacting a mixture of (a) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, (b) an epihalohydrin, (c) a basic acting substance, (d) a non-Lewis acid catalyst, and (e) optionally, a solvent, forming an epoxy resin composition; (II) subjecting the epoxy resin composition produced in step (I) to a separation process to remove (A) “light” components such as, for example, solvent used in the epoxidation reaction, if any, unreacted epihalohydrin, and co-products such as di(epoxypropyl)ether; (B) unreacted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, if any; (C) partially epoxidized aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, such as, for example, MGE; (D) fully epoxidized aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, such as, for example, DGE, such that the (E) aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyfunctional epoxy resin product remaining contains no more than 50% by weight of s

Abstract: This invention relates to polyhydric compounds containing primary and secondary hydroxyl groups selectively conjugated with linkers, polymers, and/or bioactive agents.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical film exhibiting a preferable wavelength dispersion and capable of being formed comparatively thinly. The present invention is an optical film containing the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (II). In the formula (II), A, A?, B, and B? each denote a substituent, a, a?, b, and b? denote the number of substituents of the corresponding A, A?, B, and B?. A, A?, B and B? each independently denote a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R1 and R2 denote a halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the like. X denotes —CO—, —SO2—, and the like.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a sheet for cards which is excellent in terms of all of heat resistance, weatherability, rigidity, punchability, and embossability and which employs a plant-derived resin, and to provide a card. The invention relates to a sheet for cards which has a layer constituted of a resin composition (X) containing, as a main component, a polycarbonate resin (A) that contains structural units (a) derived from a dihydroxy compound represented by the following formula (1) and that has a glass transition temperature lower than 130° C.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical film exhibiting a preferable wavelength dispersion and capable of being formed comparatively thinly. The present invention is an optical film containing the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (II). In the formula (II), A, A?, B, and B? each denote a substituent, a, a?, b, and b? denote the number of substituents of the corresponding A, A?, B, and B?. A, A?, B and B? each independently denote a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R1 and R2 denote a halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the like. X denotes —CO—, —SO2—, and the like.

Abstract: A method of producing a fluorine-containing polymer, containing conducting an addition polymerization of a fluorine-containing compound having 2 or more terminal fluorine-containing vinyl groups each directly bonded to an oxygen atom per molecule, and a compound having 2 or more groups represented by —XH, where X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and a fluorine-containing polymer comprising a repeating unit represented by formula (i): wherein Rf1 represents a perfluoroalkylene group; each of Rf2 and Rf3 independently represents a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkoxy group; at least two among Rf1, Rf2 and Rf3 may bond to each other to form a ring structure; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and L represents a divalent organic group.

Abstract: Bis-Phenol A (BPA) can now be replaced in industrial processes by BPA substitutes. The BPA substitutes can have structures that are derivatives of BPA. The BPA substitutes can be used in preparing epoxy composition, polycarbonate compositions, and polysulfonate compositions or for other uses in place of BPA.

Abstract: Partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymers. Coating compositions for food or beverage containers and medical devices, including a partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymer. Food or beverage containers and medical devices coated with partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymers. Food or beverage containers and medical devices made from partially hydrogenated bisphenol-A based polymers.

Abstract: Provided is preparation of poly(alkylene carbonate) through alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide. According to the disclosure, by introducing a diepoxide compound to alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide compound using a metal(III) prepared with salen-type ligands containing quaternary ammonium salt as a catalyst, some of the polymer chains may be cross-linked to thus increase an average molecular weight of the copolymer and extend a distribution of molecular weight. A resin prepared according to this method may have high mechanical strength and rheological advantages.

Abstract: Poly(orthoester) polymers, and methods of making and using such poly(orthoester) polymers are provided. The poly(orthoester) polymers can be useful for applications including, for example, medical devices and pharmaceutical compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the poly(orthoester) polymers are biodegradable.

Abstract: A terminal modified polycarbonate having a high content of biogenic matter, excellent heat resistance, heat stability, moldability and moist absorption resistance and high surface energy and a manufacturing process thereof are provided. The terminal modified polycarbonate has a main chain essentially composed of a recurring unit represented by the following formula (1): has a specific viscosity at 20° C. of a solution obtained by dissolving 0.7 g of the polycarbonate in 100 ml of methylene chloride of 0.2 to 0.5, and contains a terminal group represented by the following formula (2) or (3) in an amount of 0.

Abstract: A process for production of a plant-derived component-containing polycarbonate represented by the following formula (3): (wherein R1-R4 each independently represent a group selected from among hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl, and n is the number of repeating units), by melt polycondensation using as the starting materials a specified diol, having a total content of Na, Fe and Ca of no greater than 2 ppm and a purity analysis value of at least 99.7% by gas chromatography, and a specified carbonic acid diester, having a total content of Na, Fe and Ca of no greater than 2 ppm and a purity analysis value of at least 99.7% by gas chromatography.

Abstract: An epoxy resin possessing one or more primary hydroxyl groups and one or more epoxy groups in one molecule is useful in a photo-curing method.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for the production of purified, partially esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters and the compositions derived from those processes. The purified, partially esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters of the present invention are particularly well suited for use in a variety of food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications and comprise less than about 5% polyol; less than about 5 ppm of residual solvent; less than about 700 ppm of lower alky esters; less than about 5% of a soap and free fatty acid mixture; less than about 3% of ash; and have an acid value of less than about 6.

Abstract: Poly(orthoester) polymers, and methods of making and using such poly(orthoester) polymers are provided. The poly(orthoester) polymers can be useful for applications including, for example, medical devices and pharmaceutical compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the poly(orthoester) polymers are biodegradable.

Abstract: A photosensitive inkjet ink is provided, which includes a photo-acid generating agent, pigment, and an organic dispersion medium containing at least two kinds of polymerizable compounds selected from the group consisting of an oxetane compound and a vinyl ether compound, at least one kind of the polymerizable compounds being a monofunctional compound at a concentration of 20 to 70% based on a total weight of the organic dispersion medium, and the vinyl ether compound at a concentration of 30% or more based on a total weight of the organic dispersion medium. The vinyl ether compound is selected from the following chemical formula.

Abstract: A process for production of a plant-derived component-containing polycarbonate represented by the following formula (3): (wherein R1-R4 each independently represent a group selected from among hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl, and n is the number of repeating units), by melt polycondensation using as the starting materials a diol represented by the following formula (1), having a total content of Na, Fe and Ca of no greater than 2 ppm and a purity analysis value of at least 99.7% by gas chromatography: (wherein R1-R4 each independently represent a group selected from among hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl), and a carbonic acid diester represented by the following formula (2), having a total content of Na, Fe and Ca of no greater than 2 ppm and a purity analysis value of at least 99.7% by gas chromatography: (wherein R5 and R6 are groups selected from among alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl, and R5 and R6 may be the same or different groups).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to crosslinked polymer compositions comprising an inclusion complex functionalized with one or more reactive groups and a polymer functionalized with one or more complimentary reactive groups.

Abstract: Hyperbranched polymers having a plurality of at least two different types of functional groups are described. Specific embodiments include hyperbranched polymers having functional groups of a first type that are substantially uniformly distributed throughout the hyperbranched polymer molecule and a second type of functional group that is substantially uniformly distributed at the terminals of the hyperbranched polymer molecule. The hyperbranched polymers having different types of functional groups are synthesized by reacting one or more monomers having functional groups that are capable of reacting during a set of polymerization conditions to form a hyperbranched polymer, wherein at least one of the monomers contains latent functional groups that are not reactive during polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-ester type epoxy resin having a low hydrolytic chlorine content and containing no ester bond that is easily hydrolyzed, and a resin composition containing the non-ester type epoxy resin as an essential ingredient. Using the non-ester type epoxy resin, a resin composition having a low chlorine content and also having low water absorption and acid value is obtained. The resin composition is useful as a curable resin composition for a material in an electronics.

Abstract: A polymer coating for implantable medical devices based on polyorthoesters and methods for fabricating the coating are disclosed. The implantable medical devices made of polyorthoesters and methods for fabricating thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photocurable and thermosetting resin composition comprises (A) an actinic energy ray-curable resin having at least one structure represented by the following general formula (1), (B) a-polymerization initiator, (C) a diluent, and (D) a polyfunctional oxetane compound. The actinic energy ray-curable resin mentioned above can be produced by causing the reaction of (a) a polyfunctional oxetane compound with (b) an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and the subsequent reaction of (c) a polybasic acid anhydride with a primary hydroxyl group of the resultant modified oxetane resin (a?). wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a furyl group, and X represents a polybasic acid anhydride residue.

Abstract: In the invention, a polyester resin having dicarboxylic acid constitutional units and diol constitutional units wherein 5 to 60 mol % of the diol constitutional units has a cyclic acetal skeleton is produced by a process including an oligomerization step and a polymerization step. In the oligomerization step, an ester having a limited acid value is transesterified with a diol having a cyclic acetal skeleton in the presence of a titanium compound to obtain an oligomer. The oligomer is then polymerized in the subsequent polymerization step to increase the molecular weight.

Abstract: Methods for preparing crosslinking agents that are the ungelled reaction product of (a) at least one aminoplast resin and (b) at least one modifying compound, wherein the crosslinking agents are essentially free of active hydrogen functional groups and have a glass transition temperature of at least 10° C. are disclosed. The methods include, inter alia, the use of vacuum and/or increased rates of inert gas introduction during reaction.

Abstract: Articles are coated by applying a coating composition of a high Tg phenoxy-type material having a Tg of at least about 75° C. to at least a portion of a surface of an article, and forming a dried/cured coating of the high Tg phenoxy-type material on the article surface, where the coating has the high Tg phenoxy-type material and a PHAE; or the article surface comprises a coating includes a PHAE; or the coating has the high Tg phenoxy-type material and a PHAE, and the article surface includes a coating layer of a PHAE.

Abstract: A printed circuit board that includes a solder resist has a photocurable and thermosetting resin composition which comprises (A) an actinic energy ray-curable resin having at least one structure represented by the following general formula (1), (B) a polymerization initiator, (C) a diluent, and (D) a polyfunctional oxetane compound. The actinic energy ray-curable resin mentioned above can be produced by causing the reaction of (a) a polyfunctional oxetane compound with (b) an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and the subsequent reaction of (c) a polybasic acid anhydride with a primary hydroxyl group of the resultant modified oxetane resin (a?). wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a furyl group, and X represents a polybasic acid anhydride residue.

Abstract: Dental material containing a cluster according to the general formula [(M1)a(M2)bOc(OH)d(OR)e(L-Sp-Z)f] (I) in which M1, M2, independently of each other, stand in each case for a metal atom of the IIIrd or Vth main groups or the Ist to VIIIth sub-groups of the periodic table; R is an alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; L is a co-ordinating group with 2 to 6 complexing centres; Sp is a spacer group or is absent; Z is a polymerizable group; c is a number from 1 to 30; d, e, independently of each other, are in each case a number from 1 to 30; f is a number from 2 to 30, any charge of the cluster (I) present being equalized by counterions.

Abstract: Polythioether polymers, curable compositions of polythioether polymers, the process of making polythioether polymers, and the use of polythioether polymers in sealants, wherein the polythioether polymers and curable compositions are liquid at a temperature of 20° C. or less, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to branched reactive water-soluble polymers comprising at least two polymer arms, such as poly(ethylene glycol), attached to a central aliphatic hydrocarbon core molecule through heteroatom linkages. The branched polymers bear at least one functional group for reacting with a biologically active agent to form a biologically active conjugate. The functional group of the branched polymer can be directly attached to the aliphatic hydrocarbon core or via an intervening linkage, such as a heteroatom, -alkylene-, —O-alkylene-O—, -alkylene-O-alkylene-, -aryl-O—, —O-aryl-, (—O-alkylene-)m, or (-alkylene-O—)m linkage, wherein m is 1–10.

Abstract: Hyperbranched polymers having a plurality of at least two different types of functional groups are described. Specific embodiments include hyperbranched polymers having functional groups of a first type that are substantially uniformly distributed throughout the hyperbranched polymer molecule and a second type of functional group that is substantially uniformly distributed at the terminals of the hyperbranched polymer molecule. The hyperbranched polymers having different types of functional groups are synthesized by reacting one or more monomers having functional groups that are capable of reacting during a set of polymerization conditions to form a hyperbranched polymer, wherein at least one of the monomers contains latent functional groups that are not reactive during polymerization.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a coating composition comprising a compound comprising at least one bicyclo-orthoester group and at least one other functional group. The invention also comprises a process for curing the present coating composition. Further, a process for making a bicyclo-orthoester-functional compound from the corresponding oxetane compound is described.

Abstract: The process of the present invention for producing a polyester resin comprising a dicarboxylic acid constitutional unit and a diol constitutional unit having a cyclic acetal skeleton comprises a step (1) of subjecting a diol (A) having a cyclic acetal skeleton and an ester (D) to transesterification reaction and a step (2) of mainly converting the resultant oligomer into a high polymer. The step (1) simultaneously satisfies the requirements (i) to (iv) as described in the specification. In the process of the present invention, the polyester resins having excellent moldability and mechanical properties are stably produced by a transesterification method which is less detrimental to environments.

Abstract: The photocurable and thermosetting resin composition of the present invention includes (A) an actinic energy ray-curable resin having at least one structure represented by the following general formula (1), (B) a photopolymerization initiator, (C) a diluent, and (D) a thermosetting component. In the general formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a furyl group, and X represents a polybasic acid anhydride residue.

Abstract: A photocurable and thermosetting resin composition comprises (A) an actinic energy ray-curable resin having at least one structure represented by the following general formula (1), (B) a polymerization initiator, (C) a diluent, and (D) a polyfunctional oxetane compound. The actinic energy ray-curable resin mentioned above can be produced by causing the reaction of (a) a polyfunctional oxetane compound with (b) an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and the subsequent reaction of (c) a polybasic acid anhydride with a primary hydroxyl group of the resultant modified oxetane resin (a?). wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a furyl group, and X represents a polybasic acid anhydride residue.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optically active polyester comprising at least constituent units represented by the general formula (I) and the general formula (II): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represents a bivalent aromatic group or a bivalent heteroaromatic group, and X1 and X2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an electron-withdrawing group, wherein A represents a bivalent substituent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resist ink composition comprising a compound (a) having at least one oxetanyl group and at least one epoxy group within the same molecule and a compound (b) capable of initiating cationic polymerization under irradiation by an active energy ray and/or under heat. This resist ink composition has high photosensitivity and enables the final curing by a brief heating and the cured film exhibits good physical properties.

Abstract: An active energy ray curable composition containing an epoxy compound having at least one oxirane ring having substituents at positions &agr; and &bgr; of the oxirane ring.

Abstract: Polymers having an oxetanyl group on the side chain and being represented by the following formula (2) are provided. They are usable for reactions such as ring-opening reaction and addition reaction. The process comprises subjecting to anionic ring-opening polymerization a 3-[(oxiranylmethoxy)methyl]oxetane monomer represented by the following formula (1) alone or together with other monomer containing an epoxy group: wherein A represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, wherein A is the same as above, and R represents a hydrogen atom, a chloromethyl group, straight chain alkyl group or branched chain alkylene group of 1-12 carbon atoms, phenyl group, straight or branched chain alkyloxymethyl group of 1-12 carbon atoms or phenoxymethyl group, and n and m each represent a molar fraction, n being 100-1 mol %, m being 0-99 mol % with n+m=100.