Abstract: A process for the post condensation of poly(alkylene terephthalate) in the solid phase is carried out in the presence of esters of phosphorous acid at 25.degree.-65.degree. C. below the melting point of the poly(alkylene terephthalate) while passing an inert gas stream through the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Process of obtaining a high molecular weight fraction from a polar polymer which comprises the steps of first, forming a solution of the polar polymer in a solvent which is also a solvent for a selected coacervating substance, then mixing with the solution a coacervating substance having at least two proton donating or proton receiving groups which are opposite the polarity of the polar polymer in an amount sufficient to crosslink molecules of said polar polymer of a molecular weight above a selected range at the solution temperature, thereby forming coacervated high molecular weight polymer solids, and then separating the high molecular weight solids from the solution. The coacervated polymer may then be dissolved and the coacervating substance removed by precipitation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for treating an emulsified latex which comprises discharging an emulsified latex containing particles of 1 .mu.m or less in diameter into a coagulation solution from fine tubes which satisfy L/D.gtoreq.0.065 Re (L: length of fine tube, and D: equivalent diameter of fine tube and Re: Reynolds number) at a Reynolds number of 300 or less to coagulate the latex and washing and drying the coagulated latex to obtain a particulate of high bulk specific gravity containing substantially neither fine powders nor coarse particles or a pellet-like molded product.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an aromatic polyester by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichloride with an alkali metal salt of a bisphenol comprises adding 0.01 to 100 mol %, based on the total monomer quantity, of an acid halide into the reaction system.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing the amount of aldehyde liberated from aldehyde-containing resins during the production and subsequent use of products prepared with the resin by admixing bisulfite salt scavengers therewith. A method is also described for reducing airborne aldehydes from the environment by placing aqueous solutions of bisulfite salts in the aldehyde-containing environment.

Abstract: Diphasic mixtures obtained from the synthesis of aromatic polyesters by the diphasic interface process may be separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase by the addition of selected compounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for deactivation of catalyst residues in polyester compositions. The polyester compositions are provided by polymerizing diols and diacids, or mixtures of such diols and diacids, to form polyester compositions. The polymerization is carried out in the presence of a polymerization catalyst that leaves traces of such catalyst residues in the polyester composition. These catalyst residues can adversely affect the further processing and end use of the polyester composition. The present process provides deactivation of the catalyst residues by the use of a combination of a mono- or dihydrogen phosphonate or mono-, di-, or trihydrogen phosphate compound and a di- or triester phosphonate compound or a phosphite compound.

Abstract: Process for the removal of residual monomers from ABS polymers prepared by emulsion polymerization, wherein from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the solids content in the latex, of an electrolyte such as an acid or a salt are added to a latex containing an ABS polymer, and the mixture is at the same time heated to a temperature of from 55.degree. to 120.degree. C. while the residual monomer and part of the water are removed by distillation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing hydrogenation catalyst residues from hydrogenated conjugated diene polymers by contacting a hydrocarbon solution of said polymers with an aqueous dilute solution of an alpha-hydroxysulfonic acid, separating the aqueous phase from the hydrocarbon phase, removing the hydrocarbon solvent from the hydrocarbon phase, producing a solid polymer, and applying heat and/or vacuum to the solid polymer to remove the residual alpha-hydroxysulfonic acid.

Abstract: The formation of improved intercalated graphitic carbon fibers of further diminished electrical resistivity (i.e., increased electrical conductivity) is made possible. Not only is the specific electrical resistivity of the resulting fibers reduced (e.g., to extremely low levels no greater than that of copper in preferred embodiments), but the desirable tensile properties of the fibers are maintained at a satisfactory level even after intercalation. A carbonaceous fibrous material containing the usual turbostratic graphitic carbon which is derived from an acrylonitrile homopolymer or a closely related copolymer (as defined) is selected and is structurally modified in a manner which has been found to render it particularly suited for intercalation as evidenced by a further reduction in the electrical resistivity of the resulting intercalated fibrous material while retaining other desirable properties.

Abstract: Modified resorcinol polymers are prepared by mixing acid or base with liquid phenol-resorcinol resin, permitting the mixture to stand for a period of at least about 48 hours followed by separation of an aqueous solution from the resin to recover the resorcinol polymer. The modified resorcinol has improved physical characteristics when employed in molding compositions, coating compositions and the like.

Abstract: There is disclosed a simple economical method of producing butadiene rubber, particularly NBR, in dry powder form free of extraneous material influencing its utility in rubber products manufacture. The method consists of preparing the butadiene rubber in latex form in the usual manner but using sodium lauryl sulfate or equivalent as emulsifier and then coagulating the latex with a combination of magnesium sulfate and aluminum sulfate, or their equivalents, in a molar ratio of Mg to Al in the range of 0.3 to 1 to 2 to 1. The coagulum wet cake obtained contains powder size particles of the rubber and is dried to give a dry free-flowing rubber powder, preferably after addition of zinc stearate or equivalent which functions as an anticake agent and prevents agglomeration of the powder size particles during drying. The zinc stearate can be added to the wet cake as dry powder or as a wet paste or produced in situ.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing a granular organic rubber composition which is useful for a vulcanizing agent, a vulcanization accelerator and antioxidant etc. by contacting an organic rubber chemical mixture comprising a rubber chemical, a liquid polybutene, a nonionic or anionic surface active agent and a water-soluble anionic macromolecule with an aqueous solution containing an alkaline earth metal salt and/or a zinc salt.

Abstract: A saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composition, improved in behavior in the molten state, which comprises: a saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, with an ethylene content of 20-80 mole percent and a saponification degree of at least 85 percent, and 0.00005 to 0.005 percent by weight, based on said copolymer, of manganese, copper or mixtures thereof; said composition, when extracted with pure water, giving an acidic extract, is disclosed, along with a method of making the same.

Abstract: The use of an organic phosphorus acid compound to extend the pot life of urethane reaction mixtures is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of electrically conductive polyaromatics having conductivities greater than 10.sup.-2 S/cm, wherein from 0.5 to 15% by weight of an oxidizing Lewis acid, e.g. antimony pentafluoride or arsenic pentafluoride, or their NO.sup.+ - or NO.sub.2.sup.+ -salts, or a nitroaromatic, e.g. trinitrophenol or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, and/or a fluorine derivative, e.g. CF.sub.3 --COOH, or an acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, nitric acid or perchloric acid, is added to a polyaromatic, in the absence of moisture.

Abstract: The level of residual 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline monomer in polymers prepared therefrom can be reduced by reaction of the protonated salt of the monomer with a variety of nucleophiles. The products of the reaction with the monomer are much less toxic than the 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and the utility of the polymer is thereby enhanced. The reaction product of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and H.sub.2 SO.sub.3 is itself novel and useful.

Abstract: A process for reducing polyacetylene oxidation and embrittlement comprises treating the polyacetylene with a solution of (a) a combination of anthraquinone or an anthraquinone salt, a base and a reducing agent; or (b) pyrogallol; or (c) a hydrosulfiprocess for isomerizing cis-polyacetylene at least partly to trans-polyacetylene comprises treating substantially cis-polyacetylene with a solution of a material which is either (a) a combination of anthraquinone or an anthraquinone salt, a base and a reducing agent; (b) pyrogallol; or (c) a hydrosulfite; and mixtures thereof and wherein the solution is at a temperature of from the freezing point to the boiling point of the solution during the treatment of the cis-polyacetylene and thereafter removing the polyacetylene which has been enriched in the trans form from contact with the solution.

Abstract: In a method for inhibiting the corrosion-causing tendency and coloration of an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component by incorporating about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite; the improvement which comprises mixing an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component attributed to a polymerization catalyst and/or to post-halogenation, with a hydrotalcite of the formulaMg.sub.1-x Al.sub.x (OH).sub.2 A.sup.n-.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2 Owherein 0<x.ltoreq.0.5, m is a positive number, and A.sup.n- represents an anion having a valence of n,or a product resulting from the surface-coating of said hydrotalcite with an anionic surface-active agent, said hydrotalcite having (i) a BET specific surface area of not more than 30 m.sup.2 /g, preferably not more than 20 m.sup.2 /g, (ii) an average secondary particle size of not more than 5 microns, preferably not more than 1.

Abstract: A process is provided for the coagulation of rubber polymers from aqueous emulsions thereof wherein the coagulation is undertaken in the presence of an additive selected from a polysaccharide material and from a vegetable derived proteinaceous material. The polymers so coagulated are readily dried and may be used for the manufacture of products well known for the specific polymers.

Abstract: The residual formaldehyde existing in the aqueous dispersion of microcapsules each having a capsule wall of an aldehyde polycondensation resin formed by polycondensation of formaldehyde with an amine in the presence of an acid catalyst is removed by adjusting the aqueous dispersion to an alkaline state, adding to the aqueous dispersion at least one reaction catalyst which is a member selected from the group consisting of metal hydroxides, phosphates, calcium salts and magnesium salts, and then heating and agitating the aqueous dispersion to cause a reaction to remove residual formaldehyde therefrom.

Abstract: Elastomeric, sulfur curable millable gum based on polyester/polyether, diisocyanate, unsaturated glycol, diamine and optionally a shortstop.

Abstract: High molecular weight linear polyesters advantageous for use as hot melt adhesives and powder coating agents, are prepared by a process for preparing a high-molecular weight, linear copolyester by condensing 40-85 molar percent of terephthalic acid optionally in the form of a dialkyl ester, half of which component can optionally be replaced by another dicarboxylic acid also optionally in the dialkyl ester form, and 60-15 molar percent of adipic acid, with an alkanediol of 2-6 carbon atoms in its carbon chain, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a conventional catalyst, in a first condenstation stage which is an interesterification or esterification stage and a second condenstation stage which is a polycondensation stage, whereby a copolyester melt is produce. The process comprises, before or during the first condensation stage, adding 0.005-01 molar percent, based on the total acid component, of a C.sub.6 - aryl or C.sub.

Abstract: A crude organic solvent solution of a polycarbonate containing an impurity is washed with an aqueous washing liquid by forming a water in oil dispersed phase by mixing the crude solution of the polycarbonate with a small amount of aqueous washing liquid in order to form the water in oil dispersed phase and then causing a phase inversion from the water in oil dispersed phase into an oil in water dispersed phase, and then, separating the organic solvent solution of the polycarbonate from the aqueous washing liquid.

Abstract: Process for removing catalyst residues from atactic polypropylene is disclosed which comprises contacting the polypropylene with an aqueous solution of an alpha-hydroxysulfonic acid and then separating the polypropylene-containing phase from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A spherical powder of a hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or its carboxyl modified product, is prepared by a method which comprises mixing 100 parts by weight of (1) a hydrolyzed product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having 5 to 50% by weight of vinyl acetate group content or (2) a carboxyl modified product of the aforementioned hydrolyzed product obtained by reacting said hydrolyzed product with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or cyclic acid anhydride, with 10 to 100 parts by weight of an organic solvent capable of dissolving said hydrolyzed product or its carboxyl modified product, the solvent being not freely miscible with water and having a boiling point of not lower than 80.degree. C., 300 to 1000 parts by weight of water and 0.

Abstract: The thin rubbery layer resulting from the photopolymerization of a thin layer of an aqueous solution of acrylic monomer(s) is face surface coated with a coating of an alkali metal sulfite and/or metabisulfite, and is then shredded, dried and ground to provide acrylic polymer/copolymer from which virtually all residual monomer has been depleted and which is well suited for use as a polymeric flocculant.

Abstract: In the production of a dried acrylamide polymer by polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, acrylamide alone or a monomer mixture comprising 50 mole % or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith with a radical initiator, and then drying the resulting hydrous acrylamide polymer, the allowing of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to be present in the drying step or a step prior thereto enables the dried acrylamide polymer having a high molecular weight and a good dissolvability in water to be obtained.

Abstract: In the production of a dried acrylamide polymer by polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, acrylamide alone or a monomer mixture comprising 50 mole % or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith with a radical initiator, and then drying the resulting hydrous acrylamide polymer, the allowing of at least one of the following compounds [I], [II] and [III] to be present in the drying step or a step prior thereto enables the dried acrylamide polymer having a high molecular weight and a good dissolvability in water to be obtained:[I] a non-polymerizable compound having in its molecule at least one group represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or an alkyl group having up to 4 carbon atoms, [II] a compound represented by the formula, R.sub.2 --S--C.sub.n H.sub.2n X wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, an aryl group or --C.sub.n H.sub.2n X, in which X is --OH, --COOH (or its salt), --CN or --CONH.sub.

Abstract: A method for drying a polymer latex comprising mixing with said latex a partially fugitive gas producing electrolyte and filtering said latex to recover the polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous crystallization of polyester, particularly copolymeric polyethylene terephthalate in the presence of surface active agents.

Abstract: Powders of thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene homopolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are obtained by agitating molten resin in admixture with water and in the presence of a dispersing amount of an alkali metal salt of an organophosphate ester. The particle size distribution of the dispersed resin can, if desired, be regulated by the addition of base thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dewatering an aqueous latex containing rubber particles grafted with alkenyl aromatic and alkenyl nitrile monomers and emulsified with an anionic surfactant wherein alkenyl aromatic and alkenyl nitrile monomers are dispersed in said latex along with a cationic surfactant in an amount sufficient to deemulsify said grafted rubber particles. The grafted rubber particles are extracted from the aqueous phase into the monomer phase as a liquid oil phase, with the aid of the cationic surfactant, said aqueous phase forming a separate water phase essentially free of said oil phase followed by separating said water phase from said liquid oil phase.

Abstract: In a method for inhibiting the corrosion-causing tendency and coloration of an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component by incorporating about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite; the improvement which comprises mixing an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component attributed to a polymerization catalyst and/or to post-halogenation, with a hydrotalcite of the formulaMg.sub.1-x Al.sub.x (OH).sub.2 A.sub.x/n.sup.n-.mH.sub.2 Owherein0<x.ltoreq.0.5, m is a positive number, andA.sup.n- represents an anion having a valence of n, or a product resulting from the surface-coating of said hydrotalcite with an anionic surface-active agent, said hydrotalcite having (i) a BET specific surface area of not more than 30 m.sup.2 /g, preferably not more than 20 m.sup.2 /g, (ii) an average secondary particle size of not more than 5 microns, preferably not more than 1.

Abstract: Concentration of residual acrylonitrile monomer is reduced in acrylonitrile copolymers or water in which acrylonitrile is polymerized to a level of less than about 100 ppm by reacting therewith ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, thioalcohols, hydrogen sulfide and its salts, and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates, phosphates, and silicates.

Abstract: A method for reducing static electricity on the surface of a shaped article made of polyvinyl chloride resins, which method comprises the steps of (a) blending a surface active agent with the polyvinyl chloride resin prior to fabrication of the resin into a shaped article, (b) fabricating the resin admixed with the surface active agent into a shaped article, and (c) subjecting the shaped article to a treatment with low temperature plasma of a gas.

Abstract: Residual acrylonitrile dissolved in acrylonitrile copolymers and/or water in which acrylonitrile polymers are polymerized or processed such as a latex thereof or from acrylonitrile processes can be substantially reduced by adding to polymer-water mixtures for example, after at least 90% of the monomers have been polymerized, additional catalyst and an amount of comonomer in excess of the amount of free acrylonitrile present.

Abstract: A process for improving the performances of semipermeable membranes which comprise an acrylonitrile polymer containing 40 to 100% by mole of acrylonitrile and have a bubble point of more than 0.1 kg/cm.sup.2, by dipping said membranes in an aqueous solution containing inorganic salts and/or protic acids.

Abstract: Conventional aldehyde containing resins for making bonded products or insulation foam are deodorized by the addition thereto of a sulfur compound such as oxyacid salts of sulfur in a valence state ranging from +5 to -2 inclusive.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for the recovery of a friable crumb-form of resinous compositions comprising polyphenylene ethers. The method comprises polymerization of a monohydric phenol, removal of the catalyst employed, heating, I.V. stabilization, optionally, capping, and product recovery.

Abstract: Residual acrylonitrile dissolved in acrylonitrile polymers and/or water in which the acrylonitrile polymers are polymerized or processed or from acrylonitirle processes is reduced to non-detectable amounts by adding to the polymer-water or acrylonitrile mixture at least a stoichiometric amount of an alkalisulfite which reacts with and reduces the measurable free acrylonitrile content of such mixtures to non-detectable amounts.

Abstract: The coagulation of a styrene butadiene latex emulsion which normally occurs upon the introduction of gypsum as a filler in the preparation of an adhesive composition is prevented by the addition of ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate or a mixture of the two to the emulsion prior to the addition of the gypsum.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed which is useful in separating the catalyst residue from a polyphenylene ether reaction solution. The process is based on the use of an extracting agent in a liquid-liquid extraction process wherein the aqueous extraction phase is maintained in a continuous phase while the organic phase is maintained as a discrete phase.

Abstract: The alkali metal, ammonium and alkanol amine salts of polymeric acetal carboxylates are stable detergent builders under laundry use conditions, but depolymerize in acid media, making the polymer fragments more readily biodegradable in waste streams. Now, in the improved process of the present invention for preparing an acetal carboxylate polymer wherein an ester of glyoxylic acid and a polymerization initiator are brought together under polymerization conditions and a chemically stable end group is added to the termini of the resulting polymer to stabilize the polymer against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, the improvement comprises adding to the resulting polymer a sufficient amount of an alkali metal hydride, preferably sodium hydride, and a dialkyl sulfate having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, preferably dimethyl sulfate, to add to the termini of the resulting polymer an alkyl group derived from the dialkyl sulfate.

Abstract: The method of recovering unreacted mono-olefinic monomers from an acrylonitrile polymerization slurry containing 30 to 50 weight percent of polymer solids and 70 to 50 weight percent of unreacted monomers wherein the slurry is first diluted with a solvent for the polymer and then fed in series through first and second treatment zones, with each of the treatment zones having a first stage for mixing the slurry with a solvent in vapor form to vaporize some of the unreacted monomers from the slurry and form a polymer solution and a second stage for separating monomer vapors from the liquid polymer solution. Fresh solvent, in vapor form and at an elevated temperature is supplied to the mixing stage of the second treatment zone and the vaporized solvent and unreacted monomers from the separation stage of the second treatment zone are fed to the mixing stage of the first treatment zone. The preferred ratio of solvent to slurry being fed to the mixing stages is 0.8 to 1.2.

Abstract: Powders of thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene homopolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are obtained by agitating molten resin in admixture with water in the presence of a dispersing system comprising a dispersing amount of a surface active agent selected from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, sarcosinates, taurates, isethionates, fatty amido phosphates, fatty amide derivatives, amido amines, higher alkyl amines, substituted imidazolines, substituted betaines, ethoxylated alkylol amides, ethoxylated phenols and ethoxylated fatty ethers in combination with a dispersion promoting amount of strong base. Optionally, the dispersing system can also contain a water-soluble substantially neutral salt to further promote dispersion formation.

Abstract: Powders of thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene homopolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are obtained by agitating molten resin in admixture with water and in the presence of a dispersing amount of an alkali metal salt of an organophosphate ester. The particle size distribution of the dispersed resin can, if desired, be regulated by the addition of base thereto.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride copolymers having a reduced content of free vinyl chloride comprising polymerizing a monomer mixture containing from 15% to 90% by weight of vinyl chloride under aqueous emulsion polymerization conditions with conventional post-polymerization, releasing the pressure, flushing the gas space above the copolymer dispersion free of monomer, cooling the copolymer dispersion to a temperature of from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C., adding a redox catalyst to the cooled dispersion consisting of from 0.002% to 0.5% by weight of the dispersion of an oil-soluble peroxy compound, and a water-soluble sulfur-containing reducing agent in a ratio of reducing agent to peroxy compound of 0.5 to 3 equivalents, allowing the dispersion to stand at a temperature of from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C. for a period of two hours to two days and recovering a copolymer dispersion having a vinyl chloride content of less than 50 ppm.

Abstract: A blend of a condensation polyamide and zinc phenyl phosphinate and/or zinc phenyl phosphonate nucleating agent has been found to result in resins having good strength.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating and recovering polystyrene from polystyrene containing material wherein the polystyrene containing material is contacted with liquid sulfur dioxide wherein the polystyrene is dissolved and the system polystyrene-sulfur dioxide forms two phases, an upper phase which contains the polystyrene and a lower phase which contains the sulfur dioxide solvent which is practically free from polystyrene and which can be reused in the process, the polystyrene is recovered from the upper polystyrene containing phase by boiling off the sulfur dioxide, which if desired is returned to the process, optionally after removing low molecular portions of polystyrenes.