Abstract: Urea-aldehyde polycondensates usable as surface coating binders are obtainable by step-wise reaction of(a) urea and/or urea derivatives with acidic CH aldehydes in a molar ratio of urea:aldehyde of 1:2 in the presence of acids and at from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. with(b) a mixture of 3 moles of formaldehyde per mole or urea and 3 moles of an acidic CH aldehyde per mole of urea at from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. with subsequent removal of the water of reaction and treatment of the reaction mixture with an alkali metal alcoholate at from 80.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for producing a rubber-containing graft copolymer, which comprises bringing a latex of a graft copolymer comprising 60% to 90% by weight of a rubbery polymer and 40% to 10% by weight of a hard polymer, said graft copolymer latex being obtained by emulsion polymerizing a hard polymer-forming monomer in a latex of said rubbery polymer and having a minimum film-forming temperature of 75.degree. C. or less, into contact with an aqueous electrolyte solution under stirring, thereby to coagulate the latex, and recovering the precipitated graft copolymer, the improvement is disclosed such that the graft copolymer latex is subjected to slow coagulation so as to allow the graft copolymer to precipitate as substantially spherical particles, wherein the term "slow coagulation" refers to coagulation which proceeds at a milder rate than that of coagulation in which the aqueous electrolyte solution is hydrochloric acid and the pH of the latex during coagulation is 1.8 or less.

Abstract: Melt stable polymeric resins are provided by process which comprises heating a first particulate resin selected from the group consisting of poly(arylene sulfide ketone) and poly(arylene sulfide diketone), while in the presence of a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere, to a temperature at least about 150.degree. C. (302.degree. F.) but below the melting point of the first particulate resins, for time sufficient to produce a second particulate resin. The thermal stability of the second particulate resin is superior to that of its respective first particulate resin is superior to that of its respective first particulate resin. Moreover, the molecular weight of the second particulate resin is greater than that of its respective first particulate resin.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing solid and liquid impurities from a particulate arylene sulfide polymer recovered from a polymerization reaction mixture slurry, without significantly discoloring the resulting washed polymer. The process of this invention comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a first slurry, wherein the solid component thereof comprises a particulate arylene sulfide polymer recovered from a reaction mixture slurry, and wherein the liquid component thereof comprises a mixture of water and a reducing agent; (b) heating the first slurry to a temperature of at least about 185.degree. C. (365.degree. F.) but below the melting point of the particulate polymer, to wash the polymer contained therein; (c) cooling the first slurry to a temperature below about 100.degree. C. (212.degree. F.), to form a second slurry, wherein the solid component thereof comprises a washed particulate arylene sulfide polymer; and (d) recovering the washed particulate arylene sulfide polymer from the second slurry.

Abstract: Process for the production and purification of SH-terminated prepolymers by reaction of polyhydroxy compounds with thioalkane carboxylic acids, wherein one or more adducts of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with triols or tetraols corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which m=1, 2 or 3,n=0, 1 or 2 andp=0 or 1,and having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 are reacted with one or more thioalkane carboxylic acids corresponding to the following general formulaHS--R--COOH (II)in which R is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The presence of a water-soluble substantially neutral salt significantly improves the recovery filtration of dispersions of ethylene-vinyl acetate polymers of 35 to 85 percent vinyl acetate content.

Abstract: In a process for producing epoxy resin with low EHC-content there is added to a continuous flow of the chlorine-substituted starting material continuously, with all reaction parameters constant, a dehydrochlorinizing agent, e.g. NaOH, in an amount approximately the stoichiometrical equivalent of the predetermined EHC-content of the starting material. Ionically bound chlorine is removed from the epoxy resin. A stream of a bypassing portion of the epoxy resin is subjected continuously, with brief periodical interruptions, directly after removal of the ionically bound chlorine, to fluorescence-exciting X-ray irradiation and the total chlorine fluorescence is detected, thereby automatically continuously determining the total chlorine content.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylate superabsorbent composition having an improved rate of absorbency, low residual acid content, and a low acrylate monomer content. Acrylic acid, an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid, aluminum acetate, sodium sulfate and water are uniformly reacted preferably using microwave radiation as the heat source.

Abstract: The instant invention deals with the alteration of solid synthetic polymers to improve the overall functional performance of the polymers. The invention also deals with a fast, clean, efficient, inexpensive method of altering the surface of textiles. The method comprises contacting a textile with a swelling agent and a base and heating to alter the textile, and then acidifying the treating bath and contacting the textile with an active substance, such as a hydrophilic polymer, to further alter the textile.

Abstract: A method of deactivating active, corrosive catalyst residues in an olefin polymer, and simultaneously neutralizing these corrosive residues. The polymer containing the catalyst residues is contacted with an effective amount of an alkali or alkaline earth salt of perboric acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer powders from polymer dispersions by feeding a polymer dispersion continuously into an atomization apparatus and separately therefrom but at the same time also introducing a liquid agent, the dispersion and the liquid agent being completely mixed within at the most one second and the mixture being immediately thereafter dried with evaporation of the volatile constituents to form a powder composed of particles having an average diameter of from 0.05 to 1 mm, and the polymer powders prepared by this process.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymer latex grains having latex particles which compose each coagulated grain compacted therein in the state of not being mutually fused; said grains are obtained by the following steps of (A)-(E):(A) into a polymer latex manufactured by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, a coagulant is added at a temperature lower than the temperature (softening temperature) at which latex particles are adhered by fusion, to be dispersed and scattered in said polymer latex as minute volumes of said coagulant, before said coagulant has been dissolved and diffused into said polymer latex;(B) by letting said coagulant dissolve and diffuse into said latex from the scattered minute volumes of said coagulant, the latex particles are coagulated on the outer surfaces of the minute volumes of said coagulant as the centers, to have coagulated grains grow from inside out, thereby forming spherical grains of an arbitrary range of sizes regularly filled with the latex particles;(C) said

Abstract: Phenolic impurities are removed from polyaryloxyphosphazenes by extracting a solution of the crude polyaryloxyphosphazene with an aqueous lower alcohol alkali metal base solution such as aqueous methanolic sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous process which removes the 1 to 3% cyclic oligomers formed in the polycarbonate process and after hydrolysis of the oligomers recycles the resulting monomer for use in the reaction forming the polycarbonates. To remove the cyclic oligomers to a level so as to produce an improved polycarbonate product and to recover the oligomers in an economical manner for recycling in a continuous process, the selection of a solvent is unique and essential to achieve the continuous process. The solvent for the cyclic oligomers must be immiscible with water, must not react with an alkali and have a cohesive energy density of less than 90.

Abstract: The total halide content of epoxy resins is reduced by heating a resin containing undesirable halide dissolved in a solvent mixture containing at least one polar aprotic solvent in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide for a time sufficient to reduce the total halide content.

Abstract: Ionomers in the salt form, such as the ammonium salts of sulfonated polystyrene, are precipitated from solution in a non-polar organic liquid by contact with a polar liquid in which the ionomer has only limited solubility (e.g., methanol) and a particulate solid such as a polyphenylene ether, followed by contact with a salt such as ammonium chloride, preferably in solution in the polar liquid. The resulting ionomer-coated polyphenylene ether particles are easily filtered and handled.

Abstract: Silver is removed from polymeric film chips such as photographic and X-ray film in a caustic treatment bath which dissolves or separates the saran and gelatin layer from the polymer, particularly polyester, layer. The silver is captured for recovery in a diatomaceous filter medium through which the treatment bath liquid is passed. Preferably liquid passed to the filter is silver-rich liquid skimmed from the top of the treatment bath. Chips and other debris are seived or screened from the liquid before filtering.

Abstract: A process for the continuous manufacture of homopolymers of an ethylene monomer and copolymers of an ethylene monomer with at least one .alpha.-olefin containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The monomers and a catalytic system are introduced into a first stage reactor to form a reaction medium for polymerizing the monomers. During a first stage, when the polymerization is substantially complete, a first compound, which is capable of reducing a transition metal of the catalytic system, is introduced into the reaction medium.

Abstract: The molecular weight of linear and non-linear poly(arylene sulfide) PAS is increased by reprecipitation. The reprecipitation is accomplished by heating PAS to its dispersion temperature in a mixture of polar organic solvent, water, and alkali metal carboxylate until the PAS is dispersed in the mixture. Water is then added to cause a phase separation, then the total mixture is slowly cooled and a PAS of increased molecular weight is recovered. PAS slime, a waste product of some polymerization processes, can also be reprecipitated, as above, to recover useful particulate PAS that would normally be discarded.

Abstract: A salt resistant composition comprising a polyamide selected from the group consisting of: polyepsiloncaprolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide; copolymers of caprolactam, hexamethylene diamine, and adipic acid; and mixtures thereof. The composition contains from 2 to 30 percent, and preferrably 4 to 30 percent based on the weight of the polyamide of a water insoluble plasticizer, and a copolymer of an alpha-olefin and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof. The plasticizer has been found to enable the polyamide composition to maintain its flexibility upon exposure to a variety of salts. Preferred plasticizers include lauryl lactam and sulfonamides. Preferred are sulfonamide type plasticizers such as n-ethyl o,p-toluenesulfonamide; o,p-toluene sulfonamide, and toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin. The invention includes articles made from the composition.

Abstract: A nutrient solution of a microorganism to be supplied to a fermentor or a culture broth in the fermentor is aseptically filtered by a porous filter medium made of polytetrafluoroethylene polymer and having properties impervious to microorganism, resistant to heat and chemicals, and hydrophilic, wherein said hydrophilic property was given to the surface of said filter medium with a treatment for hydrophilicity. This treatment comprises treating polytetrafluoroethylene porous polymer as a raw material for the filter medium with surface treating agent comprising an alkali metal naphthalene and diamine and immersing the treated polymer into concentrated sulfuric acid containing an aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde dissolved therein in a concentration exceeding half saturation.

Abstract: A fire-retardant resin composition comprising(A) 100 parts by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of the thermoplastic resins and the thermosetting resins,(B) about 1 to about 50 parts by weight of a halogen-containing organic fire retardant,(C) about 0.05 to about 10 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite having a BET specific surface area not exceeding about 30 square meters per gram, as a stabilizer, and(D) 0 to about 20 parts by weight of a fire-retarding assistant other than the fire retardant of (B), above.

Abstract: The invention features a lithographic composition fabricated from a process wherein an acidic novolak resin is neutralized in solution. The solution comprises a common compatible solvent with the other ingredients of the coating composition, such as a positive sensitizer, a color changing dye, and a light activated, acid-releasing compound.

Abstract: Propylene polymers produced by high-activity support based coordination catalysts are effectively nucleated with benzoic acid and adipic acid, yielding molding resins of high clarity.

Abstract: A method for stablizing organopolysiloxanes containing phosphonitrilic chlorides and/or their reaction products against viscosity changes by reacting the phosphorus compounds present in the organopolysiloxanes with at least one oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a divalent or trivalent metal, and thereafter separating the solid from the organopolysiloxanes.

Abstract: The surface characteristics of dispersed particles such as vinyl resins are changed through the use of an anode electrolyte in an electrofilter. Accordingly, the properties of intermediate and final products made from these resins such as plastisols and fused films or coatings can be favorably changed. Properties which are altered include plastisol viscosity, film clarity, and foamability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for purifying, devolatilizing and/or sheeting a thermoplastic material in which a high density, flowable heat exchange material, having a density substantially above the density of the thermoplastic material and which is essentially immiscible therewith, is continuously circulated through a contact zone in a manner to maintain an extended surface area body of the high density heat exchange material in the contact zone, the thermoplastic material is introduced into and withdrawn from the contact zone in a manner to form a continuously flowing layer of the thermoplastic material across the surface of the body of high density heat exchange material. Thermoplastic material may be introduced into the contact vessel as a powder, melted in an intermediate section of the contact vessel, resolidified at the opposite end of the contact vessel and withdrawn as a sheet of thermoplastic material.

Abstract: Vapor phase chlorosulfonated polyolefins usually contain as much as about 100 to 200 parts of more per million of sulfur dioxide in the chlorosulfonated polyolefin particles, even after degassing, that is released over a period of time. The amount of sulfur dioxide released from vapor phase chlorosulfonated polyolefins can be reduced to an amount of less than 0.

Abstract: Many synthetic latices are produced with a small particle size. It is desirable to increase the particle size and concentrate the latex. It is known to use agglomerating agents to increase particle size. The temperature of agglomeration may be reduced if the latex is destabilized with a weak acid, preferably carbonic acid. This results in an energy saving for the process.

Abstract: Conjugated backbone polymers (e.g., polyacetylene), especially formed into a battery electrode, are contacted with a compound MR where M is an alkali metal and R is alkyl of 1-12 carbons, phenyl or alkylphenyl of 7-12 carbons. The method is particularly suited to treatment of battery electrodes to avoid a high initial internal resistance.

Abstract: A polymer layer of polyester or polyvinyl chloride is recovered from a multilayered scrap or waste chip material by contacting the chip material with an aqueous solution containing a base metal hydroxide and a reagent selected from the group consisting of a salt, an amine, and an oxidizing agent. The removal process is accelerated by using, either singularly or in combination, an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, heat, or agitation. Thereafter the polymer layer is isolated and recovered.

Abstract: After crude polyacetal polymers mainly comprising bonded oxymethylene groups in the main chain thereof were once molten, they are heated at temperatures of 80.degree. C. or above in liquid mediums, in which said crude polyacetal polymers are insoluble, with keeping a heterogeneous system after they were once molten.

Abstract: An electrically conducting composition is described which comprises a polyarylene, e.g. polyphenylene, and a suitable doping agent, e.g. ferric chloride. The polyarylene is prepared from a poly(1,2-disubstitutedcyclohexa-3,5-diene).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting polyacrylamide gel into dilute aqueous solutions suitable for use in secondary oil recovery. Polyacrylamide gel is initially converted into a slurry of small gel particles in water from which forms a homogeneous solution concentrate which is then readily diluted to give the final drive fluid without any significant polymer degradation. The process may additionally be adapted to the drilling site or to other on site operations requiring polyacrylamide solutions such as water treating, mining or paper making.

Abstract: A process for the coagulation of an aqueous polymer latex comprises contacting the aqueous polymer latex with an effective amount of an aqueous solution of a water soluble non-nucleophilic, non-oxidative salt of an alkaline earth metal and removing the coagulated polymer from the aqueous medium. The polymer prepared by the process has a unique combination of properties.

Abstract: Purified polyolefins prepared by deactivating Ziegler type catalyst residue contained in polyolefins not purified by use of alkylene oxide and having off-odor are mixed for deodorization with 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of at least one deodorizer selected from the compounds having the following formulas (1) to (6):Al.sub.x Si.sub.y (OH).sub.3x+4y.nH.sub.2 O (1)Mg.sub.x (OH).sub.2y-2x (CO.sub.3).sub.y.nH.sub.2 O (2)Mg.sub.x Ca.sub.y (CO.sub.3).sub.2x+2y/2.nH.sub.2 O (3)M.sub.x Si.sub.y (OH).sub.2x+4y.nH.sub.2 O (4)M.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z (OH).sub.2x+3y+4z.nH.sub.2 O (5)M.sub.x Al.sub.y (OH).sub.2x+3y-2z (A).nH.sub.2 O (6)where M represents Mg or Ca; A represents CO.sub.3, HPO.sub.4 or SO.sub.4 ; x, y and z represent a positive number; and n represents zero or a positive integer; calcined products therefrom, and hydrates thereof. The deodorizer may be added thereto independently from or concurrently with other additives to be mixed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for the detoxification of polymeric film chip materials which have been contaminated with cyanide compounds during the process for the reclamation of their silver content. The present invention includes the steps of providing within a substantially impervious container a quantity of polymeric film chip materials containing a cyanide compound, and then submerging the cyanide containing polymeric film chip materials in a solution containing hypochlorite ion at a pH of approximately 9.5 to 10.5 until the cyanide in the polymeric film chip material is substantially converted into cyanate. In preferred alternative embodiments the treatment solution is replaced with a second treatment solution containing hypochlorite ion and having a pH of approximately 7.5 to 8 until the cyanate is substantially converted into carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases. Mixing means in the form of influent and effluent means are provided in such apparatus.

Abstract: A method for flocculating latex particles in a latex is characterized in that a water soluble cationic polymer containing a quaternary ammonium salt in its molecular chain is added as a flocculant to the latex. Also disclosed is a process for producing a thermoplastic resin which comprises flocculating latex particles in a latex material by adding a water soluble cationic polymer containing a quaternary ammonium salt in its molecular chain to the latex, removing freed water from the flocculated latex to obtain a wet cake and then drying the wet cake directly or after the granulation.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved modified polymer suitable for use in making hollow containers by conventional extrusion blow molding. It is a specific type of end-capped and branched polyethylene terephthalate polymer or copolymer. In the improvement, the end-cap comprises the reacted component of a difunctional acid or alkali metal salt of a difunctional acid having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X has a valency of 6 and is selected from sulfur, selenium, and tellurium;M is an alkali metal or hydrogen; andY is hydrogen or an aliphatic group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.The preferred difunctional acid is m-sulfobenzoic acid. The product typically contains few large gels having diameters greater than 0.1 mm.

Abstract: An electrically conducting composition is described which comprises a polyarylene, e.g. polyphenylene, and a suitable doping agent, e.g. ferric chloride. The polyarylene is prepared from a poly(1,2-disubstitutedcyclohexa-3,5-diene).

Abstract: The improved polymeric hydrogel suitable for use in forming soft contact lenses is described. The hydrogel is improved by means of its resistance to the formation of calcium, lipid and protein deposits thereon. This resistance is achieved by means of covalent modification of the hydrogel with a surfactant.

Abstract: Solid state compositions having improved storage stability are provided by reacting an aqueous solution or slurry of polymeric acetal carboxylate and alkali metal hydroxide with carbon dioxide to form alkali metal carbonate in intimate admixture with the polymer and recovering the admixture in solid form. The compositions are useful as builders in detergent formulations.

Abstract: A process is provided for the coagulation of rubber polymers from aqueous emulsions thereof wherein the coagulation is undertaken in the presence of an additive selected from a polysaccharide material and from a vegetable derived proteinaceous material. The polymers so coagulated are readily dried and may be used for the manufacture of products well known for the specific polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing low viscosity curable polyester resin compositions, which compositions contain a mixture of (i) an unsaturated ester terminally modified with a reactive olefin such as dicyclopentadiene or other Diels-Alder adducts of cyclopentadiene with an olefinic or acetylenic hydrocarbon or alkylated derivative thereof and (ii) a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer which serves to crosslink the unsaturated ester to a thermoset product. Fiber reinforced thermoset articles can be produced from these curable polyester resin compositions.

Abstract: Aromatic polyamines containing aromatic primary amino groups as well as urethane and polyester groups are made by hydrolyzing an isocyanate in the presence of a basic material and water to form a carbamate and then converting the carbamate groups to amino groups. The isocyanate starting material contains aromatic isocyanate groups (as well as urethane and polyester groups) and has an NCO content of from 0.5 to 11.5 wt %. The basic compound is selected from alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal sulfides, alkali metal cyanides, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides and mixtures thereof. Water is used in a quantity such that at least one mole of water is present for each equivalent of NCO groups. The carbamate groups may be converted to amino groups by treating the carbamate-containing mixture with a proton donor or with heat or with a solvent. The product polyamines are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: This invention relates to low viscosity curable polyester resin compositions and a process for the preparation thereof, which compositions contain a mixture of (i) an unsaturated ester terminally modified with a reactive olefin such as dicyclopentadiene or other Diels-Alder adducts of cyclopentadiene with an olefinic or acetylenic hydrocarbon or alkylated derivative thereof and (ii) a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer which serves to crosslink the unsaturated ester to a thermoset product. Fiber reinforced thermoset articles can be produced from these low viscosity curable polyester resin compositions.

Abstract: There is provided an aromatic polyamide composition, which comprises (a) a polyamide, the recurring structural units of which are substantially totally aromatic, (b) an organic amide solvent, and (c) one or more salts selected from chlorides and bromides of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium. The amounts of the polyamide and the organic amide solvent are in the ranges of 30 to 50% and 70 to 50% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the polyamide and the organic amide solvent. The amount of the salt is defined by the formulae:in the case where 30.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.33.6, y.gtoreq.10, andin the case where 33.6<x.ltoreq.50, y>2.8x-84wherein "x" is the amount in % by weight of the polyamide based on the total weight of the polyamide and the organic amide solvent, and "y" is the amount in % by mole of the salt based on the polyamide. The polyamide composition is useful for melt-shaping films, fibers and other shaped articles.

Abstract: Conjugated backbone polymers (e.g., polyacetylene), especially formed into a battery electrode, are contacted with a compound MR where M is an alkali metal and R is alkyl of 1-12 carbons, phenyl or alkylphenyl of 7-12 carbons. The method is particularly suited to treatment of battery electrodes to avoid a high initial internal resistance.

Abstract: The level of yellow color sometimes associated with poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol can be reduced by bringing the poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol into contact with hypochlorite ions.

Abstract: Ionomers such as sulfonated polystyrenes are isolated from solutions in organic solvents (e.g., methylene chloride) in the salt form (usually the ammonium or amine salt form) by blending the ionomer solution with a solution of a salt in an organic liquid which is substantially a non-solvent for said ionomer. The salt is one in which the counterion is identical to that of the ionomer or below it in the ion affinity sequence, and is preferably an ammonium salt, especially ammonium chloride. The preferred organic liquid is methanol. The method enables recovery of the precipitated ionomer in finely divided, granular form rather than in colloidal condition.