Abstract: The polymers resulting from reaction of a 1,1,2,2-tetrahaloethane with a diamine of the type H.sub.2 NANH.sub.2, where A is a divalent aromatic moiety, may be doped with a variety of materials to afford electrically conducting polymeric compositions. Poly(ethyleneiminobenzene) is an especially useful material which may be prepared in good yield from the reactants in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The polymers resulting from reaction of a .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'-tetrahaloxylene with a diamine of the type H.sub.2 NANH.sub.2, where A is a divalent aromatic moiety, may be doped with a variety of materials to afford electrically conducting polymeric compositions. Both p-type and n-type conductors may be formed either by chemical or electrochemical doping procedures.

Abstract: Polyacetylene doped with potassium or rubidium cations (and optionally with other alkali metal cations) is heat treated at 60.degree.-400.degree. C., preferably 100.degree.-250 .degree. C., to achieve greatly enhanced room temperature conductivity. Products with relative conductivities 150%, 300%, 450% or more of the conductivity prior to heat treating are obtained, with room-temperature conductivities of 300 S/cm, 450 S/cm, or higher.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for treating an emulsified latex which comprises discharging an emulsified latex containing particles of 1 .mu.m or less in diameter into a coagulation solution from fine tubes which satisfy L/D.gtoreq.0.065 Re (L: length of fine tube, and D: equivalent diameter of fine tube and Re: Reynolds number) at a Reynolds number of 300 or less to coagulate the latex and washing and drying the coagulated latex to obtain a particulate of high bulk specific gravity containing substantially neither fine powders nor coarse particles or a pellet-like product.

Abstract: Electrically conductive polymeric systems having electrical conductivities greater than 10.sup.-4 S/cm are prepared by a method wherein a polyarylene compound which contains one or more chain members of the formula ##STR1## where n is greater than 1, preferably from 5 to 50, R is a nitrile, acid amide, carboxyl or ester group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or a nitrile, acid amide, carboxyl or ester group, with the proviso that in each case one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is a nitrile, acid amide, carboxyl or ester group, and Y is an aromatic radical, preferably phenylene, is doped, in the absence of moisture and oxygen, with from 0.03 to 0.9 mole percent of an electron-attracting or electron-donating complexing agent.

Abstract: A process for producing a thermoplastic resin capable of giving a molded article having a very good appearance, by coagulating a thermoplastic resin latex prepared by an emulsion polymerization method which comprises making the latex into a coagulated slurry by carrying out the coagulation procedure in a range of temperatures lower than the solidifying point of the thermoplastic resin, adding an alkaline substance to said coagulated slurry in a range of temperatures lower than the aforesaid solidifying point so that the pH of said coagulated slurry is adjusted to a pH 0.1 or more higher than its pH at the time of the coagulation and that the pH of the whole coagulated slurry after the addition of the alkaline substance is adjusted to 7.0 or lower, and then raising the temperature of said coagulated slurry to solidify the coagulated particles.

Abstract: A process for modifying certain polyamides by use of a novel combination of an organic sulfone and a lithium halide as a processing aid to yield a modified polymer having thermal stability and a lowered melting point (lower than unmodified polymer).

Abstract: A process for improving the processability of polycarbonates by contacting a polycarbonate composition with a metal salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an amount sufficient to decrease the melt viscosity of the polycarbonate composition while increasing the impact strength.

Abstract: The polymers resulting from reaction of a .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'-tetrahaloxylene with a diamine of the type H.sub.2 NANH.sub.2, where A is a divalent aromatic moiety, may be doped with a variety of materials to afford electrically conducting polymeric compositions. Both p-type and n-type conductors may be formed either by chemical or electrochemical doping procedures.

Abstract: The polymers resulting from reaction of a 1,1,2,2-tetrahaloethane with a diamine of the type H.sub.2 NANH.sub.2, where A is a divalent aromatic moiety, may be doped with a variety of materials to afford electrically conducting polymeric compositions. Poly(ethyleneiminobenzene) is an especially useful material. Both p-type and n-type conductors may be formed.

Abstract: In the preparation of a high molecular weight polyphenylene ether from a monohydric phenol by an oxidative coupling reaction with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst complex obtained from a metal salt and an organic amine and in the presence of a solvent, and isolation of the metal ion component of the catalyst from the polyphenylene ether solution by means of a complex-forming or chelate-forming compound, the catalyst is removed by a method wherein complex formation and isolation of the metal ion component of the catalyst are carried out in an aqueous medium in the presence of from 0.1 to 5,000 mg of an anionic or non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: Although poly(nitrilo-1,4-phenylene nitrilomethylidine-1,4-phenylene methylidine) is an insulator, it can be doped with both electron acceptors and electron donors to afford p- and n-type semiconductors. The iodine doped material is more stable in air than many prior art conducting polymers.

Abstract: Electrically conducting doped poly(paraphenylene) compositions, and process of making such compositions, having direct current conductivities of at least 10.sup.-3 ohm.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1, at room temperature, and up to 100 ohm.sup.1 cm.sup.-1 and above; especially wherein the doping agent is a Group IA metal arene, a Group V halide, chlorine, bromine, or a mixture thereof; in particular potassium naphthalene, sodium naphthalene, AsF.sub.5, chlorine, or a mixture thereof. The polymers are useful as electronic devices, as substrates for electroplating, as materials for absorption of solar and of radio frequency radiation, and in general wherever electrical conductivity of the metallic type or of the semiconductor type, and light weight, are desired.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for treating an emulsified latex which comprises discharging an emulsified latex containing particles of 1 .mu.m or less in diameter into a coagulation solution from fine tubes which satisfy L/D.gtoreq.0.065 Re (L: length of fine tube, and D: equivalent diameter of fine tube and Re: Reynolds number) at a Reynolds number of 300 or less to coagulate the latex and washing and drying the coagulated latex to obtain a particulate of high bulk specific gravity containing substantially neither fine powders nor coarse particles or a pellet-like molded product.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing the amount of aldehyde liberated from aldehyde-containing resins during the production and subsequent use of products prepared with the resin by admixing bisulfite salt scavengers therewith. A method is also described for reducing airborne aldehydes from the environment by placing aqueous solutions of bisulfite salts in the aldehyde-containing environment.

Abstract: Process for the removal of residual monomers from ABS polymers prepared by emulsion polymerization, wherein from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the solids content in the latex, of an electrolyte such as an acid or a salt are added to a latex containing an ABS polymer, and the mixture is at the same time heated to a temperature of from 55.degree. to 120.degree. C. while the residual monomer and part of the water are removed by distillation.

Abstract: In a process for the polymerization of an epihalohydrin wherein the catalyst (initiator) employed is a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is a Group V element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony, and the polymerization is conducted in the presence of controlled amounts of water or a polyol to obtain hydroxyl containing low molecular weight polymers, a colorless polymer is obtained when the reaction product is washed with an aqueous solution of an alkal metal carbonate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compactingly processing method for the manufacture of spherical particles, having a heavier apparent specific gravity, of halogen-containing ethylene resin. In this method, 100 wt. parts of particles of the resin are mixed with 20-500 wt. parts of one or more of heat-resisting inorganic salts having particle sizes of 0.01-50.mu.. This mixture is subjected to a heat treatment in a gaseous phase at a temperature higher than the melting point of the resin, and then, the once added inorganic salt or salts is/are separated from the heat-treated intermediate products. In this way, the resin particles are subjected to a substantial compacting and size reduction.

Abstract: Modified resorcinol polymers are prepared by mixing acid or base with liquid phenol-resorcinol resin, permitting the mixture to stand for a period of at least about 48 hours followed by separation of an aqueous solution from the resin to recover the resorcinol polymer. The modified resorcinol has improved physical characteristics when employed in molding compositions, coating compositions and the like.

Abstract: A treatment procedure for aqueous colloidal polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions obtained by polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of the lithium salt of a perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid as the emulsifier, characterized by the fact that a basic hydroxide or a soluble ammonium, alkali metal or alkaline-earth salt, with the exception of lithium hydroxide or a lithium salt, is added to the dispersion.

Abstract: Arylene sulfide polymers containing ash-forming impurities or materials are purified by contacting an aqueous mixture of such polymer with molecular oxygen under conditions sufficient to reduce the ash-forming impurities and concurrently at least partially cure the polymer.

Abstract: Arylene sulfide polymers containing ash-forming impurities or materials are purified by contacting an aqueous mixture of such polymer with molecular oxygen and a chemical treating agent under conditions sufficient to reduce the ash-forming impurities and concurrently at least partially cure the polymer. In another embodiment, at least partially cured arylene sulfide polymers are treated with a chemical treating agent in the absence of molecular oxygen to stabilize the melt flow of the resin.

Abstract: A method for separating out carbon particles from a composition comprising a plastic and carbon particles of submicron dimensions comprising the steps of adding the composition to an organic solvent for the plastic which does not dissolve the carbon particles at a concentration sufficiently dilute to allow the carbon particles to be free from the plastic and filtering the resulting mixture in a calcium carbonate column which traps essentially all of the carbon particles.

Abstract: A process for reducing polyacetylene oxidation and embrittlement comprises treating the polyacetylene with a solution of (a) a combination of anthraquinone or an anthraquinone salt, a base and a reducing agent; or (b) pyrogallol; or (c) a hydrosulfiprocess for isomerizing cis-polyacetylene at least partly to trans-polyacetylene comprises treating substantially cis-polyacetylene with a solution of a material which is either (a) a combination of anthraquinone or an anthraquinone salt, a base and a reducing agent; (b) pyrogallol; or (c) a hydrosulfite; and mixtures thereof and wherein the solution is at a temperature of from the freezing point to the boiling point of the solution during the treatment of the cis-polyacetylene and thereafter removing the polyacetylene which has been enriched in the trans form from contact with the solution.

Abstract: In a method for inhibiting the corrosion-causing tendency and coloration of an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component by incorporating about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite; the improvement which comprises mixing an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component attributed to a polymerization catalyst and/or to post-halogenation, with a hydrotalcite of the formulaMg.sub.1-x Al.sub.x (OH).sub.2 A.sup.n-.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2 Owherein 0<x.ltoreq.0.5, m is a positive number, and A.sup.n- represents an anion having a valence of n,or a product resulting from the surface-coating of said hydrotalcite with an anionic surface-active agent, said hydrotalcite having (i) a BET specific surface area of not more than 30 m.sup.2 /g, preferably not more than 20 m.sup.2 /g, (ii) an average secondary particle size of not more than 5 microns, preferably not more than 1.

Abstract: A process is provided for the coagulation of rubber polymers from aqueous emulsions thereof wherein the coagulation is undertaken in the presence of an additive selected from a polysaccharide material and from a vegetable derived proteinaceous material. The polymers so coagulated are readily dried and may be used for the manufacture of products well known for the specific polymers.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing polyether ester amides by polycondensing at ordinary or reduced pressure, optionally in the presence of catalysts. A hot melt of:(a) polyamides having carboxyl end groups with polyethers having hydroxyl end groups and amino end groups;(b) polyamides having carboxyl end groups and polyethers having hydroxyl end groups;(c) polyamides having carboxyl end groups with polyethers having amino end groups; or(d) polyamides having amino end groups with polyethers having carboxyl end groups;is treated at temperatures from about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a water vapor pressure of about 5 to 25 bars with mechanical agitation and after water is removed by decompression the polycondensation of the polyether ester amide is carried out.

Abstract: The residual formaldehyde existing in the aqueous dispersion of microcapsules each having a capsule wall of an aldehyde polycondensation resin formed by polycondensation of formaldehyde with an amine in the presence of an acid catalyst is removed by adjusting the aqueous dispersion to an alkaline state, adding to the aqueous dispersion at least one reaction catalyst which is a member selected from the group consisting of metal hydroxides, phosphates, calcium salts and magnesium salts, and then heating and agitating the aqueous dispersion to cause a reaction to remove residual formaldehyde therefrom.

Abstract: A method for the production of a powdery, free-flowing phenol/formaldehyde resin is disclosed wherein a polyvalent cationic precipitant is added to the resin emulsion produced, the precipitate is filtered, washed with water and dried.

Abstract: A process for purifying an acetylene-terminated polyimide oligomer containing residual solvent in which the oligomer is initially dissolved in the same solvent used as the reaction medium in its synthesis. After precipitating the oligomer from solution by mixing with an aqueous solution of potassium or sodium chloride, the precipitated oligomer is washed successively with a plurality of liquids of decreasing polarity to provide an oligomer free of residual solvent.

Abstract: Several established methods produce precursor beads suitable for subsequent impregnation with a volatile agent for making expandable polystyrene beads. Different methods have led to production of reflector beads of crystal clear polystyrene for use as reflectors in movie screens, signs, and the like. Heretofore it has not been practical to use precursor beads as reflector beads. Many reflector beads have been made from plastics more costly than polystyrene. By the present invention, cloudy precursor beads are dispersed in an aqueous solution having a concentration of from about 1.5 to about 6 molar inorganic solute and heated to a temperature in the range from about 110.degree. to 130.degree. C. for a few minutes. The thus treated beads are rinsed with water and then dried to provide reflector beads.

Abstract: Many reflector beads have been made from plastics more costly then polystyrene. By the present invention, water white, crystal clear polystyrene beads are prepared from styrene by polymerization in an aqueous solution having a concentration of from about 2.5 to about 6 molar inorganic solute, at conditions corresponding to production of uniformly sized polystyrene beads of the type ordinarily used as precursor for expandable polystyrene beads. The thus produced beads are rinsed with water and then dried to provide reflector beads.

Abstract: A method for drying a polymer latex comprising mixing with said latex a partially fugitive gas producing electrolyte and filtering said latex to recover the polymer.

Abstract: A highly rigid poly-.epsilon.-caproamide composition containing about 50 to 5000 ppm of barium combined with the poly-.epsilon.-caproamide, and having a .gamma.-type crystal ratio of about 0.3 to 0.7 is disclosed. The polyamide has improved rigidity without loss of other advantageous mechanical properties of poly-.epsilon.-caprolactam. By addition of an aluminum compound, the rigidity of the composition can be further improved. A bisamide compound may be added to provide excellent mold release without harming the mechanical properties of the composition.

Abstract: In a method for inhibiting the corrosion-causing tendency and coloration of an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component by incorporating about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite; the improvement which comprises mixing an olefin polymer or copolymer containing a halogen component attributed to a polymerization catalyst and/or to post-halogenation, with a hydrotalcite of the formulaMg.sub.1-x Al.sub.x (OH).sub.2 A.sub.x/n.sup.n-.mH.sub.2 Owherein0<x.ltoreq.0.5, m is a positive number, andA.sup.n- represents an anion having a valence of n, or a product resulting from the surface-coating of said hydrotalcite with an anionic surface-active agent, said hydrotalcite having (i) a BET specific surface area of not more than 30 m.sup.2 /g, preferably not more than 20 m.sup.2 /g, (ii) an average secondary particle size of not more than 5 microns, preferably not more than 1.

Abstract: Concentration of residual acrylonitrile monomer is reduced in acrylonitrile copolymers or water in which acrylonitrile is polymerized to a level of less than about 100 ppm by reacting therewith ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, thioalcohols, hydrogen sulfide and its salts, and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates, phosphates, and silicates.

Abstract: A process for improving the performances of semipermeable membranes which comprise an acrylonitrile polymer containing 40 to 100% by mole of acrylonitrile and have a bubble point of more than 0.1 kg/cm.sup.2, by dipping said membranes in an aqueous solution containing inorganic salts and/or protic acids.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for the recovery of a friable crumb-form of resinous compositions comprising polyphenylene ethers. The method comprises polymerization of a monohydric phenol, removal of the catalyst employed, heating, I.V. stabilization, optionally, capping, and product recovery.

Abstract: The high temperature properties of an article having at least a portion of its surface formed of an arylene sulfide polymer is improved by treating such article with a treating agent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, sulfuric acid, chlorine, sulfuryl chloride, nitrogen dioxide, chromium trioxide, alkali metal permanganates and nitric acid under conditions of concentration of treating agent, time and temperature to effect the desired improvement. Treated articles such as coated substrates and moldings exhibit increased high temperature surface hardness. Articles such as fibers, yarns, fabrics and films exhibit infusibility at 700.degree. F. (371.degree. C.).

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension in the presence of dialkyl peroxydicarbonates in which the polymer is treated with a monobasic hydroxide at the end of polymerization and before the unreacted vinyl chloride is removed. The alkaline treatment is advantageously applied to polymers that are subsequently subjected to steam stripping.The treatment improves the initial heat stability of vinyl chloride polymers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of soft and hard resins, and their use in surface-coating binders are disclosed. According to the invention, soft and hard resins are prepared from a urea, formaldehyde and a CH-acidic aldehyde by reacting a urea of the general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or identical or different alkyl, A is alkylene and X is oxygen or sulfur, with formaldehyde and a CH-acidic aldehyde of the general formula (III) ##STR2## where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl wherein the urea, formaldehyde and CH-acidic aldehyde are employed in a mole ratio of from 1:2:2 to 1:4:4, at from 60.degree. to 150.degree. C., in the presence of an acid and in the presence or absence of a solvent and/or diluent, and then treating the product with a base in an anhydrousmedium.

Abstract: In a Friedel-Crafts catalyzed polymerization reaction, said reaction being selected from the group consisting ofn(X--A--X)+n(H--B--H).fwdarw.2n-1HX+X(AB).sub.n Hwherein A is ##STR1## and wherein X is halogen, hydroxy, or alkoxy, and wherein R is alkylene, aryl substituted alkylene, arylene or substituted arylene, or polynuclear aromatic either fused ring or joined by one or more bridging groups such as oxygen, sulfur or a moiety of the structure ##STR2## wherein Z is propylidene, CO, SO.sub.2, or a chemical bond and wherein B is arylene or substructured arylene, or polynuclear aromatic either fused ring or joined by one or more bridging groups such as CO, oxygen, sulfur or a moiety of the structure ##STR3## wherein Z is as defined above, and wherein n is the degree of polymerization and is at least about 5 andn(XDH).fwdarw..sub.n-1 HX+X(D).sub.n Hwherein X is as defined above and wherein D is CO--B-- or --SO.sub.

Abstract: The alkali metal, ammonium and alkanol amine salts of polymeric acetal carboxylates are stable detergent builders under laundry use conditions, but depolymerize in acid media, making the polymer fragments more readily biodegradable in waste streams. Now, in the improved process of the present invention for preparing an acetal carboxylate polymer wherein an ester of glyoxylic acid and a polymerization initiator are brought together under polymerization conditions and a chemically stable end group is added to the termini of the resulting polymer to stabilize the polymer against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, the improvement comprises adding to the resulting polymer a sufficient amount of an alkali metal hydride, preferably sodium hydride, and a dialkyl sulfate having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, preferably dimethyl sulfate, to add to the termini of the resulting polymer an alkyl group derived from the dialkyl sulfate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of soft and hard resins, and their use in surface-coating binders.According to the invention, soft and hard resins are prepared from a urea and a CH-acidic aldehyde by reacting a urea of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or identical or different alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or may be an alkyleneurea radical, with at least 2 moles of a CH-acidic aldehyde of the general formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is hydrogen and R.sup.4 is alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, in the presence of a strong acid, to give a condensation product, and then treating the latter with a base in an anhydrous medium.These soft and hard resins are used, in combination with other film-forming agents, as surface-coating binders.

Abstract: The discoloration of polyvinyl chloride that usually occurs when a slurry containing this polymer is heated at a temperature above 70.degree. C. to reduce its monomer content to less than 10 ppm is minimized or prevented by carrying out the heating step in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Curable, saturated polyester resins and cross-linking agents therefor, in association with an at least divalent metal oxide, are useful binders for the powder paints, e.g., those typically applied by electrostatic deposition or fluidized bed spraying.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of aromatic, high-molecular weight, thermoplastic polycarbonates from polycarbonate scrap, it being possible for the polycarbonate scrap to be either in the pure form as transparent naturally-occurring material, or mixed together with organic and, especially, inorganic dyestuffs and/or other additives, or in the form of a blend with other thermoplastic materials.

Abstract: Powders of thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene homopolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are obtained by agitating molten resin in admixture with water in the presence of a dispersing system comprising a dispersing amount of a surface active agent selected from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, sarcosinates, taurates, isethionates, fatty amido phosphates, fatty amide derivatives, amido amines, higher alkyl amines, substituted imidazolines, substituted betaines, ethoxylated alkylol amides, ethoxylated phenols and ethoxylated fatty ethers in combination with a dispersion promoting amount of strong base. Optionally, the dispersing system can also contain a water-soluble substantially neutral salt to further promote dispersion formation.

Abstract: Polypropylene is neutralized and deashed by contacting a slurry of the particulate polymer with an alcohol solution of from 1 to 5 milliequivalents of an alkali base, preferably Na or K, excess beyond that needed to neutralize said polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation of water-dissipatable polyesters and polyesteramides wherein at least a part of one of the monomeric components from which it is derived is a polycarboxylic acid or polyhydric alcohol which contains a sulfonic acid salt moiety derived from a nitrogen-containing base having an ionization constant in water at 25.degree. C. of 10.sup.-3 to 10.sup.-10. Also disclosed is the use of such polymers as sizes for fibers of glass, ceramics, etc., where the size is removed by burning and little or no ash residue is important.