Abstract: A polymer scale deposition preventive agent for use in polymerization of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, comprising an alkaline solution containing a condensation product of (A) a diphenyl compound having at least two amino groups and (B) a quinone compound. When the aforementioned monomer is polymerized in a polymerization vessel having a coating formed by applying the aforementioned preventive agent to inner wall surfaces followed by drying, polymer scale can be effectively prevented from being deposited not only on the areas located in the liquid-phase region but also on the areas around the interface between the gas and liquid phases in the polymerization vessel. When an obtained polymer is formed into a sheet or the like, it is possible to obtain a formed product having few fish eyes and good initial coloration.

Abstract: A method for recovering cyclic oligomers from a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer or poly(arylene sulfide) polymerization reaction mixture is provided in which the cyclic oligomers are maintained in a solution comprising a suitable solvent and the cyclic oligomers; then the solution is contacted with water to cause the formation of a suspension; then the suspension is acidified to cause the flocculation of cyclic oligomers which can then be more easily recovered.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer which employs at least one base as a reactant, wherein the base is contacted with the polymerization reaction mixture incrementally during the polymerization.

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure process for the continuous production of polyester is disclosed wherein a melt of dihydroxy ethyl terphthalate, or its low molecular oligomers, obtained by esterifying terephthalic acid or transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol, is intimately contacted with an inert gas to facilitate polymerization and removal of the reaction by-products. The ethylene glycol evolved and the inert gas are recycled.

Abstract: A preparation process of aliphatic polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 15,000 or more by conducting a direct polycondensation reaction of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or a mixed aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and an aliphatic polybasic acid or a mixed aliphatic polybasic acid, or additionally a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a mixed hydroxycarboxylic acid or an oligomer of the hydroxycarboxylic acid in a reaction mixture containing an organic solvent.The aliphatic polyester thus obtained contains an extremely small amount of impurities, has low color and can exhibit satisfactory strength in the form of films, filaments and other shaped articles.

Abstract: (Meth)acrylic/glutarimide copolymers, well suited, e.g., for optical applications, having enhanced glass transition temperatures (Tg), are prepared by salifying the acid functions of (meth)acrylic ester/(meth)acrylic acid copolymers, and then imidifying such "intermediate" salified copolymers into the subject (meth)acrylic/glutarimide polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly reproducible method for the molecular weight fractionation of polyhydrogen silsesquioxane that gives a very storage-stable polyhydrogen silsesquioxane having a freely selectable molecular weight. The method involves dissolving polyhydrogen silsesquioxane in active-hydrogen-free nonpolar solvent; adding an active-hydrogen-free polar solvent to the resulting solution in order to precipitate polyhydrogen silsesquioxane; and collecting the desired molecular weight fraction of polyhydrogen silsesquioxane.

Abstract: A process for the redistribution of an organic polycarbonate composition. The process involves melt equilibrating a starting polycarbonate composition (which may be a single polycarbonate or a mixture of polycarbonates, and may be or include recycled polycarbonate) having an initial weight average molecular weight in the presence of a carbonate redistribution catalyst and in the absence of branching agents, under conditions such that a redistributed polycarbonate composition is formed having a weight average molecular weight different from, and typically lower than, the initial weight.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyamide molding materials contain, as essential components,A) from 39 to 99% by weight of a polyamide or a mixture of different polyamides andB) from 1 to 30% by weight of a phenol of the general formula IR.sub.3 E Iand E is a trivalent, aliphatic, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -hydrocarbon radical, triazinetriyl or a trivalent C.sub.6 - or C.sub.10 -aryl radical, andc) from 0 to 60% by weight, based on the amount of polyamide, of fibrous or particulate fillers or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming poly(arylene sulfide) fibrids by flashing a solution which is comprised of a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer in a polar organic compound and which is essentially free of solids under suitable conditions to form a solidified product comprising poly(arylene sulfide) fibrids.

Abstract: A method of removing ionic impurities from a resist component, comprising the steps of:(a) dissolving said resist component in a solvent;(b) contacting said resist component solution with a fibrous ion exchange resin for a sufficient amount of time to remove at least a portion of said ionic impurities onto said fibrous ion exchange resin; and(c) separating said fibrous ion exchange resin bearing said ionic impurities from said resist component solution.

Abstract: A method for removing oligomers and non-polymeric impurities from poly(arylene sulfide) polymers and producing the polymers in easily recoverable granular form is provided in which a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer associated with oligomers and non-polymeric impurities is contacted with a solvent, water, and optionally, a base, at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve the polymer, oligomers and impurities; then the solution is cooled to a temperature at which the poly(arylene sulfide) precipitates while oligomers and impurities remain in solution, then the precipitated polymer is separated from the solution containing the oligomers and impurities. A polymer product produced by this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to recycled plastics which exhibit noxious odors. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a method of reducing unwanted odors in such recycled plastics by incorporating a polyalkylene imine ("PAI"), more preferably polyethylene imine ("PEI").

Abstract: A method is provided for selectively extracting the lower molecular weight fraction of a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer by contacting the polymer with a polar organic compound and a promoter compound to form a less dense polymer-lean liquid phase and a more dense polymer-rich liquid phase, separating the polymer-lean liquid phase from the polymer-rich liquid phase, and recovering the polymer from the polymer-rich phase. Alternatively, either of the phases can be isolated and polar organic compound and optionally promoter can be added to form two new phases, followed by isolation of the new polymer-rich phase. This process can be repeated as often as desired or practicable in order to recover polymer having a desired molecular weight and/or molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of brominated styrenic homo-polymers and co-polymers. The purification process reduces or removes contained aliphatic bromine, and free bromine resulting from the reaction of the brominated reagent with the polystyrene backbone. In addition, the method optionally removes occluded inorganic halide impurities from the polymer. These impurities are considered undesirable due to their adverse effects on thermal aging and stability of the final end use resin formulations.

Abstract: A finishing process for a polymer containing an active catalyst residue. Starting polymer has a crystallinity of less than 10 percent by weight and is maintained in an essentially oxygen free reaction zone at a temperature less than polymer sticking temperature. The polymer is stabilized and acids neutralized by adding 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkyl phenol and/or alkyl -3-(3-5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)- propionate and zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or a zeolite. Resulting polymer is then treated with catalyst deactivators including water, and then mixed with photo-oxidative stabilizers.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions are stabilized against molecular weight degradation by the inclusion in the composition of an inhibitor which is preferably an ethylenically unsaturated compound. The invention is of particular value when the polymer is a polymer of (meth)acrylamide in which the amount of contamination of the polymer with free (meth)acrylamide monomer is extremely low and the inhibitor has LD.sub.50 above 400.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: A chemically modified chelate resin comprising the reaction product of a cross-linked polymer bead chelate resin containing amine reaction sites with an aromatic aldehyde selected from the group consisting of 4-Formyl-benzo-15-Crown-5; 4-Formyl-benzo-18-Crown-6; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde; salicylaldehyde; 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde, 3-pyridine carboxaldehyde; 4-pyridine carboxaldehyde; and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde.

Abstract: Process for simultaneous removal of aldehyde, solid-phase postcondensation and drying of linear polyesters and copolyesters by after-treating the polyester pellets with a diffusion surface of 1.95 to 2.90 m.sup.2 /kg, an individual pellet weight of 5 to 15 mg and a bulk density of 750 to 900 kg/m.sup.3 at 140.degree. to 210.degree. C. with a flow of a dry gas mixture consisting of 60-90 vol % N.sub.2, 5-21% O.sub.2 and 0.1-25% CO.sub.2 (total 100%) at a quantity ratio of 0.5 to 2.5 kg/h gas mixture per kg/h polyester.

Abstract: Process for treating poly(esteramides) to improve the heat and storage stability thereof. Polymer is optionally suspended in a liquid medium, treated with an amide group-containing solvent, and then separated from the solvent and liquid medium (if any). Also, poly(esteramides) treated in this process and devices and articles comprising such poly(esteramides).

Abstract: A method for separating polymers from a physically commingled solid mixture containing a plurality of polymers comprises dissolving a first one of the polymers in a solvent at a first lower temperature to form a first preferably single phase solution and a remaining solid component. The solid component contains additional polymers which are not soluble to the solvent at the first temperature but which may be soluble at higher temperatures. The method includes subsequently heating the solvent to dissolve additional polymer from the solid component to form subsequent solutions. The polymers are then separated from their respective solution either using flash evaporation techniques when more than one polymer has been dissolved at a single temperature, or conventional techniques for extracting a polymer from a solvent in a solution.

Abstract: Waxes and polymeric waxes can graft with a coupling agent by employing a radical process. The resulted grafted waxes can be applied:1. For Coating and bonding with surfaces of materials to be applied as water-proofing antirust and reinforcing fillers.2. As enhancing coupling agent to bond with plastics, rubber and asphalt.3. As adhesive materials.

Abstract: A clinically-acceptable hydrophilic silicone-based soft gas permeable contact lens produced by subjecting the lens material to extraction with a hydrophilic, polar group-containing, organic solvent followed by replacement of the organic solvent with a physiological saline solution.

Abstract: A novel method for purifying a polyphenylene ether is disclosed. The method is characterized in that in separating a polyphenylene ether from a reaction product obtained by oxidative polymerization of a 2,6-di-substituted-phenol by means of a precipitation polymerization method in which a polymer is precipitated in the presence of a catalyst comprising a combination of a copper ion, a halide ion and not less than one type of amines and purifying a polyphenylene ether, wherein an amino carboxylic acid derivative is added to the reaction product and then a polymer is washed with a poor solvent for the polyphenylene ether.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising the steps of contacting a Group VIII metal hydrogenation catalyst residue containing polymer solution with a chelating resin, the chelating resin comprising iminodiacetate ions, and recovering a polymer solution comprising less than 5 ppm by weight, based on the solution, of the hydrogenation catalyst residue metal. In a preferred embodiment, the chelating resin is contacted with the hydrogenation catalyst residue containing polymer solution by mixing particles of the chelating resin with the hydrogenation catalyst residue containing polymer solution under agitation, and the polymer solution containing less than 5 ppm of hydrogenation catalyst metals is recovered from the chelating resin and resulting precipitated hydrogenation catalyst residues by filtration.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: At least one antistatic agent is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer by contacting a polyvinyl chloride polymer with a solution comprising a solvent capable of swelling the PVC surface and at least one antistatic agent selected from the group consisting of 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate and (R.sup.1).sub.n (R.sup.2).sub.m ammonium halide, wherein n and m are integers of from 0-4 and n+m=4, and wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be different or the same and are alkyl groups of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Polyolefins, especially those containing a phenolic antioxidant, are prone to discoloration upon improper processing at elevated temperatures or upon prolonged aging. Such discolored polyolefins can be reclaimed and recycled as essentially non-colored useful polymers by the addition thereto of a hydroxylamine of the formulaT.sub.1 T.sub.2 NOHwhere T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl.

Abstract: Continuous process for removing unstable components from crude oxymethylene copolymer, which still contains catalysts, monomeric starting materials and unstable components, by treating the copolymer with deactivators, optionally in the presence of auxiliaries, in a pressure zone, and subsequently removing volatile components in a pressure-release zone in the presence or absence of stabilizers, in which process the crude polymer is fully melted in the absence of the deactivators and auxiliaries immediately after completion of the polymerization step, and the deactivators are subsequently incorporated, alone or together with auxiliaries, under pressure into the resultant polymer melt in at least one pressure zone.By this process, degradation is avoided and significantly better properties are obtained.

Abstract: The concentration of hydrogen chloride in an aqueous suspension of a macromolecular chlorinated hydrocarbon containing said hydrogen chloride is reduced by contacting liquid phase of the suspension with a strong basic ion exchange resin containing exchangeable hydroxy groups or with a weak basic ion exchange resin.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering poly(arylene sulfide) polymers characterized by low ash and oligomer concentrations and having a larger particle size, which method comprises, during recovery, adding or maintaining a sufficient amount of a polar organic compound to the reaction mixture immediately after solidifying the poly(arylene sulfide) polymer.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing more granular (i.e., higher bulk density) particulate poly(arylene sulfide ketone) or poly(arylene sulfide diketone) resins having associated therewith improved processability and thermal stability, without generating pressures significantly greater than those generated during polymerization reactions of particulate poly(arylene sulfide ketone) or poly(arylene sulfide diketone) resins.

Abstract: Certain linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and styrene are characterized by a high degree of syndiotactic character. This degree of syndiotactic character is reduced together with an attendant increase in atactic character by contacting the syndiotactic polymer with organ base at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A process for increasing the relative viscosity of a polyamide includes heating the polyamide in the presence of a base and a catalyst with the catalyst being at least one compound of the formula:X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n PO.sub.3 R.sub.2wherein X is 2-pyridyl, 4-morpholino, 1-pyrrolidino, 1-piperidino or R'.sub.2 --N-- wherein R' is an alkyl group having between 1 and 12 carbon atoms;n is an integer from 2 to 5; andR, being the same or different, is H or an alkyl group having between 1 and 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An acrylonitrile polymer film is disclosed which film comprising a polymer containing higher than 80% by weight of acrylonitrile units, having higher than 300,000 of weight average molecular weight, and having molar fraction Ne for the segment of polymerization initiator bonded to the terminal of the polymer satisfying the following equation:Mw.times.Ne.ltoreq.

Abstract: This invention relates to new high molecular weight arylene sulphide polymers which optionally additionally display improved resistance to UV radiation and are prepared by melting arylene sulphide polymers, preferably PPS, with polynitro compounds or with mononitro compounds containing at least one other substituent capable of reacting with the arylene sulphide polymer.

Abstract: A phenylene sulfide/sulfone polymer with relatively good melt stability and a method of producing such a polymer are provided. A previously produced phenylene sulfide/sulfone polymer is redissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a solution. This solution is combined with an alcohol to precipitate highly melt stable phenylene sulfide/sulfone polymer in a particulate form. The alcohol has one to four carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and the like and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An amorphous and excellently moldable styrene-based polymer having a syndiotactic structure can be obtained when a styrene-based polymer having a substantially syndiotactic structure is dissolved in a solvent followed by separation and recovery of the polymer from the solution or melt thereof is quenched. Shaping the same gives various kinds of shaped articles having excellent mechanical strengths and heat resistance. Physical properties of the shaped articles can be further improved by a modification treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of polyphenylene-sulfide resins, wherein an aromatic polyhalide compound is reacted with an alkali metal sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide and an alkali metal base, or an alkali metal hydrosulfide and an alkali metal base in the presence of an amide polar solvent. A polyphenylene-sulfide resin having a cyclic oligomer content lower than 1.5% by weight, as determined according to the methylene chloride extraction method, is obtained by (a) carrying out the reaction in the absence a polymerization assistant, (b) using the amide polar solvent in an amount not larger than 400 g per mole of the aromatic polyhalide compound, and (c) subjecting the polymerization liquid obtained by the reaction to hot solid-liquid separation at a temperature at least 50.degree. C. but lower than the boiling point of the solvent used, and washing the separated solid with the solvent used for the reaction, which is heated at a temperature at least 50.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: A process is provided for increasing the brightness and decreasing the discoloration of PPD polymer during the polymer production. Sequestering agents having a stability constant (K.sub.1), for Fe(III), greater than about 12 are slurried with the PPD polymer in water and then rinsed, neutralized, and dried.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making nitrile rubber characterized by being essentially gel-free and at least about 90% saturated. The process comprising reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymer in latex from, hydrazine, and an oxidant, followed by coagulation and filtration in order to isolate the reduced rubber. The process utilizes a reaction mixture containing a high molar ratio of hydrazine to unsaturated polymer.

Abstract: A method for recovering a crystalline poly(arylene sulfide) from a slurry comprising a particulate poly(arylene sulfide), a polar organic compound, and water, said method comprising:(a) substantially liquefying said particulate poly(arylene sulfide) to form a liquid mixture comprising said substantially liquified poly(arylene sulfide) and said polar organic compound;(b) contacting said liquid mixture with a vaporized separation agent in an amount sufficient to effect a separation between said poly(arylene sulfide) and said polar organic compound;(c) reducing the temperature of said liquid mixture sufficiently to solidify said substantially liquified poly(arylene sulfide) to form a slurry comprising a particulate poly(arylene sulfide); and(d) recovering said particulate poly(arylene sulfide) from said slurry.

Abstract: Discrete, non-agglomerating particles of polyalkylene carbonate are produced by solvent/non-solvent precipitation using certain solvent/non-solvent systems. The free-flowing particles obtained are from 30 to 3000 microns in diameter and are suitable for use in a variety of applications, particularly the preparation of foamed articles.

Abstract: A phenylene sulfide/sulfone polymer with relatively good melt stability and a method of producing such a polymer are provided. A previously produced phenylene sulfide/sulfone polymer is redissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a solution. This solution is combined with an alcohol to precipitate highly melt stable phenylene sulfide/sulfone polymer in a particulate form. The alcohol has one to four carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and the like and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Certain linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and aliphatic .alpha.-olefin of 3 or more carbon atoms are characterized by a high degree of stereoregular character. Reduction of the degree of this stereoregular character, whether syndiotactic or isotactic, is achieved together with an increase in atactic character by contacting the stereoregular polymer with organic base at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Metal residues are extracted from poly(ether ketone ketones) with aliphatic alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids or aromatic ortho-hydroxycarboxylic acids in a liquid phase, either neat or in an aqueous or a nonaqueous solution. Extraction of metal residues, which usually derive from the catalysts used in the preparation of poly(ether ketone ketones), improves both the color and the thermal stability of these polymers.

Abstract: The invention provides a substantially dry particulate composition comprising a polyacrylamide and an amidase. An aqueous composition made by dispersing this into water will then have a satisfactorily low content of residual acrylamide even if the initial polymer was contaminated with monomer. The composition is made by blending dry polyacrylamide particles with the amidase.

Abstract: Discrete, non-agglomerating particles of polyalkylene carbonate are produced by solvent/non-solvent precipitation using certain solvent/non-solvent systems. The free-flowing particles obtaine are from 30 to 3000 microns in diameter and are suitable for use in a variety of applications, particularly the preparation of foamed articles.