Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the manufacture of polyesters which involves heating polymerizable monomers, oligomers or low molecular weight polymers in a mixture of a solvent and non-solvent. The polymerization by-product is codistilled from the boiling solvent/non-solvent mixture.

Abstract: Macrocyclic polyester oligomers are converted to linear polyesters by contact at a temperature of about 160.degree.-300.degree. C. with a cyclic titanium catalyst such as di-(1-butyl)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-dioxytitanate, bis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene)titanate or 1-(1-butoxy)-4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-titanabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Such catalysts have high activity and produce linear or branched polyesters of very high molecular weight.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing free flowing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) polymer powders is disclosed in which a TFE polymer powder is (1) wetted with an aqueous solution containing a wetting agent selected from the group consisting of (a) ethylene glycol ethers, (b) propylene glycol ethers and (c) diols or triols, (2) agglomerated and (3) dried.

Abstract: A process that is provided for agglomerating rubber particles of a rubbery latex. The process involves producing an agglomerating agent which is in the form of latex having particles which comprise high molecular weight polyoxyethylene bound therein. The agglomerating agent is affixed with an elastomeric latex to form agglomerated elastomeric particles. The process results in the formation of uniform size agglomerating particles, and utilizes a non-surfactant form of polyoxyethylene, which can be utilized in small amounts to yield the desired agglomerated elastomeric latex. The agglomerated particles may then be utilized as the substrate for graft copolymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene graft copolymers.

Abstract: Semicrystalline manufactured articles made of syndiotactic poly-p-methylstyrene (s-PpMS) in a crystalline form having a high melting point (225.degree. C.), and processes for the preparation thereof. Processes for preparing semicrystalline manufactured articles (semi-finished products, formed articles, fibers, films, etc.) made of s-PpMS in its different crystalline forms by exposure of amorphous manufactured articles to suitable solvents and by subsequent thermomechanical treatments.

Abstract: A polyketone is contacted with an organic peroxyacid in a reactive, oxidization, slurry process to produce a polyester polymer.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer which employs at least one base as a reactant, wherein the base is contacted with the polymerization reaction mixture incrementally during the polymerization.

Abstract: There are provided brominated styrene polymer particles whose hue is good and handling is easy and which contain fine particles and big particles only in a small amount. Such polymer particles are prepared by adding to a latex of a polymer obtained by emulsion polymerization of brominated styrene a specific amount of (A) an organic solvent sparingly soluble in water and capable of dissolving the polymer and a specific amount of (B) an organic solvent miscible with the organic solvent (A) in any ratio but sparingly soluble in water and incapable of dissolving the polymer and mixing the mixture, and then adding a coagulant and heat treating the mixture.

Abstract: Dicarbonyl compounds and alkylene oxides are used to deactivate a transition metal/organometal catalyst in polymerization of at least one monomer to form a 1-olefin polymer. The polymer is deashed with a lower alcohol optionally followed by a wash with the starting monomer or n-heptane.

Abstract: Methods of performing an assay for biomolecules and solid supports for use in such assays are disclosed. An activated polymeric material is used as a solid support for binding biomolecules. In a preferred form, the support is made of a generally hydrophobic, nonporous polymer which has been activated by treatment with solvents or by mechanical means to enhance the binding characteristics of the support. The support can be made of a copolymer, such as a copolymer of polystyrene and polybutadiene. Detection of bound biomolecules is preferably performed by means of staining reactions and gray level scanning. Emulsifying agents, such as detergents, can be applied to the surface of the support to substantially inhibit additional materials from being bound to the support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly reproducible method for the molecular weight fractionation of polyhydrogen silsesquioxane that gives a very storage-stable polyhydrogen silsesquioxane having a freely selectable molecular weight. The method involves dissolving polyhydrogen silsesquioxane in active-hydrogen-free nonpolar solvent; adding an active-hydrogen-free polar solvent to the resulting solution in order to precipitate polyhydrogen silsesquioxane; and collecting the desired molecular weight fraction of polyhydrogen silsesquioxane.

Abstract: The present invention provides copolymerized polycarbonates having improved flow and formability, in addition to excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, transparency, and water resistance obtained by copolymerization of two or more aromatic dihydroxy compounds and a compound capable of reacting with those aromatic dihydroxy compounds to form carbonate linkages, characterized in that, of all the constituent repeating units derived from aromatic dihydroxy compounds, 2-40 mole % are derived from resorcin and/or substituted resorcins.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming poly(arylene sulfide) fibrids by flashing a solution which is comprised of a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer in a polar organic compound and which is essentially free of solids under suitable conditions to form a solidified product comprising poly(arylene sulfide) fibrids.

Abstract: A method for removing oligomers and non-polymeric impurities from poly(arylene sulfide) polymers and producing the polymers in easily recoverable granular form is provided in which a poly(arylene sulfide) polymer associated with oligomers and non-polymeric impurities is contacted with a solvent, water, and optionally, a base, at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve the polymer, oligomers and impurities; then the solution is cooled to a temperature at which the poly(arylene sulfide) precipitates while oligomers and impurities remain in solution, then the precipitated polymer is separated from the solution containing the oligomers and impurities. A polymer product produced by this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing cycloolefin random copolymer pellets, comprising adding an organic polar solvent to a solution of a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and a specific cycloolefin and if desired an .alpha.-olefin other than ethylene, in an amount exceeding such an amount that the liquid mixture exhibits the cloud point, separating the copolymer solution utilizing phase separation phenomenon into a concentrated phase containing the cycloolefin random copolymer in a high concentration and a dilute phase containing said copolymer in a low concentration, feeding the obtained concentrated phase to an extruder where the solvents are removed and the copolymer is melted during extrusion processing, followed by pelletizing the copolymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of recyclate polyols obtained by glycolysis of polyurethanes and/or polyurea-polyurethanes comprises metering in monofunctional and/or difunctional glycidyl ethers over the entire course of the reaction; the low-amine recyclate polyols obtained in this way are used for the preparation of cellular or noncellular polyurethanes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: The present invention provides an easily employed and economical process for removing substantially all of the metals from vinylphenol polymers by dissolving the vinylphenol polymer in a solvent and contacting the solution with a strong acidic cation exchange resin. In this way, vinylphenol polymers of high purity are attained, with a metal content which is virtually eliminated or substantially reduced.

Abstract: Recently, vinylphenol polymers have received special attention as materials for photoresists, since these materials have excellent transmittance of deep ultraviolet light in the neighborhood of 248 nm. Although particularly useful in this regard, vinylphenol polymers usually contain metal impurities, while photoresists must have high transmittance and extremely low metal content. As a result, vinylphenol polymers satisfying these requirements have not been available on industrial scale. In the present invention, a process for producing such purified vinylphenol polymers, both economically and easily, is realized. In the process of this invention, the vinylphenol polymer solution is hydrogenated and the hydrogenated solution is contacted with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin. In this way, substantially metal-free vinylphenol polymers are obtained.

Abstract: A method for separating polymers from a physically commingled solid mixture containing a plurality of polymers comprises dissolving a first one of the polymers in a solvent at a first lower temperature to form a first preferably single phase solution and a remaining solid component. The solid component contains additional polymers which are not soluble to the solvent at the first temperature but which may be soluble at higher temperatures. The method includes subsequently heating the solvent to dissolve additional polymer from the solid component to form subsequent solutions. The polymers are then separated from their respective solution either using flash evaporation techniques when more than one polymer has been dissolved at a single temperature, or conventional techniques for extracting a polymer from a solvent in a solution.

Abstract: The agglomeration of a latex of a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins is performed by mixing the latex to be agglomerated with an agglomerating latex consisting of:(A) a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins; and(B) a nonionic surface-active agent consisting of a block polymer containing at least one polyoxyethylene block and at least one block of a polymer chosen from vinyl, diene and acrylic and methacrylic ester polymers,the said agglomerating latex being produced by the synthesis of the polymer defined under (A) during which (B) has been employed as a surfactant. The polyoxyethylene-polystyrene-polyoxyethylene triblock polymer may be mentioned among the surface-active agents (B).

Abstract: This invention reveals a process for recovering polyethylene terephthalate flakes from a recycle stream containing polyethylene terephthalate flakes and polyvinyl chloride flakes which comprises: (1) treating the recycle stream with (a) at least one inorganic base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide and (b) at least one nonionic surfactant under conditions and for a time sufficient to decrease the contact angle of the polyethylene terephthalate flakes with water below a value of 25.degree. while maintaining the contact angle of the polyvinyl chloride flakes above a value of about 45.degree.

Abstract: Polyester resins, comprising the polymerized residues of dibasic acids and diols, dibasic anhydrides and diols, and the lower alkyl esters of dibasic acids and diols, are soluble up to 40% by weight of solids in 1,3-dioxacyclopentane, and blends of 1,3-dioxacyclopentane with other relatively nontoxic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improved microfine propylene polymer powders having reduced fines which are comprised of spherical or substantially spherical particles and have a number average particle size from about 25 to about 60. A process for preparing the improved powders is also provided. The process involves dispersing a molten propylene homopolymer or copolymer which has been visbroken in a liquid medium in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, cooling the dispersion below the melt point of the propylene polymer and recovering the powder.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of poly(dithio thiadiazole) by combining an oxidizing agent, a dithio thiadiazole, and an aprotic polar solvent thereby producing a polymer precipitant which may then be washed to remove residual contaminants.

Abstract: The agglomeration of a latex of a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins is performed by mixing the latex to be agglomerated with an agglomerating latex consisting of:(A) a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins; and(B) a nonionic surface-active agent consisting of a block polymer containing at least one polyoxyethylene block and at least one block of a polymer chosen from vinyl, diene and acrylic and methacrylic ester polymers,the said agglomerating latex being produced by the synthesis of the polymer defined under (A) during which (B) has been employed as a surfactant. The polyoxyethylene-polystyrene-polyoxyethylene triblock polymer may be mentioned among the surface-active agents (B).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process to remove phosphine residues from a hydrogenated polymer solution.

Abstract: A hydrophilic copolyester containing both polyoxyethylene diester and alkylene diester segments, and optionally containing other components, which copolyester has been modified after being formed by reaction with one or more polyols containing three or more hydroxy groups or one or more polyoxyethylene glycols or a mixture of one or more of such polyols and one or more of such glycols. The copolyester can be used in treating fibers and films.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling the activity of or deactivating a transition element olefin polymerization catalyst by contacting the catalyst with a 1,2-diether organic compound.

Abstract: A method for separating polymers from a physically commingled solid mixture containing a plurality of polymers comprises dissolving a first one of the polymers in a solvent at a first lower temperature to form a first preferably single phase solution and a remaining solid component. The solid component contains additional polymers which are not soluable to the solvent at the first temperature but which may be soluble at higher temperatures. The method includes subsequently heating the solvent to dissolve additional polymer from the solid component to form subsequent solutions. The polymers are then separated from their respective solution either using flash evaporation techniques when more than one polymer has been dissolved at a single temperature, or conventional techniques for extracting a polymer from a solvent in a solution.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting under deodorizing conditions, at least one deodorizing composition with at least one poly(mono-1-olefin), wherein said deodorizing conditions comprise, a standard pressure from about 1 to about 5, and a standard temperature from about 0.5 to about 2.5.

Abstract: Procedure for the continuous fractionation of polymers dissolved in a solvent, which includes at least one complete cycle of the following operations:a. precipitation of a first fraction of polymer inside a first reaction vessel containing the solution;b. transferring the remaining solution into a second reaction vessel and collecting the above first fraction of polymer precipitated in the above first reaction vessel;c. precipitation of a second fraction of polymer inside the second reaction vessel; andd. recycling the remaining solution in the first reaction vessel and collecting the above second fraction of polymer precipitated in the above second reaction vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying a polystyrene label to a surface of a polystyrenic article. The process comprises applying a thin film of a terpenoid compound to the polystyrene, the terpenoid compound having a boiling point between 150.degree. C. and 260.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for removing odor from an aqueous solution of polymeric quaternary ammonium salt solution containing residual aliphatic tertiary amine and choline chloride or derivative thereof, said process comprising adding a sufficient amount of a non-volatile, stable, polybasic acid to react with said choline chloride or derivative thereof to prevent the formation of aliphatic tertiary amine from said choline chloride or derivative thereof. The present invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of recording film by treating as ethylene oxide neutralized conductive quaternary polymer solution with orthophosphoric acid and coating the treated solution directly onto a substrate.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing increased molecular weight polyarylene sulfides is disclosed. The process comprises at least two stages: a first polymerization stage in which a polymer of a relatively low molecular weight is prepared and a second polymerization stage in which the molecular weight is substantially increased. The increased molecular weight permits the polymer to be used in a wide range of molding and shaping applications.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing more granular (i.e., higher bulk density) particulate poly(arylene sulfide ketone) or poly(arylene sulfide diketone) resins having associated therewith improved processability and thermal stability, without generating pressures significantly greater than those generated during polymerization reactions of particulate poly(arylene sulfide ketone) or poly(arylene sulfide diketone) resins.

Abstract: Improved water absorbent polymers can be prepared by agglomerating acrylic acid gel polymer fines with small quantities of difunctional epoxides.

Abstract: A process for preparing particles of a high water-absorbent resin which comprises mixing a powder of a high water-absorbent resin having a water content of 10 to 60% by weight with a powder of water-soluble high molecular weight compound and drying the mixture. The obtained particles according to the present invention are suitable for use of sanitary goods, water-retaining agents or soil conditioner in the fields of agriculture and horticulture and other various uses.

Abstract: The 2-functional component of substituted phenol-aldehyde novolac resins is reduced. Epoxy novolac resins prepared from the novolac resin containing reduced quantities of 2-functional product exhibit increased Tg values when cured.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyacetals having less than 10% by weight carbonyl containing units and in which the molar ratio of acetal to furan units is greater than or equal to 15:1 is provided. The process comprises reacting a linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide with one or more olefins (polyketone) with a diol at elevated temperature in the presence of an acid e.g. para-toluenesulphonic acid while continuously removing water generated by the reaction. Water is preferably removed by azeotropic distillation using a water-immiscible solvent.

Abstract: Aromatic sulfide/ketone polymer is prepared from dihaloaromatic ketone, alkali metal sulfide, water and a polar organic compound. The polymerization reaction mixture comprising the aromatic sulfide/ketone polymer is subjected to a heat soak at elevated temperature then a separation agent (non-solvent) is added under controlled conditions and subsequently cooled to provide a mixture comprising particulate aromatic sulfide/ketone polymer.

Abstract: The invention is a process to provide more granular, higher bulk density particulate poly(arylene sulfide ketone) or poly(arylene sulfide diketone) resins having associated therewith improved handling.The process for treating a first slurry comprising a solid particulate poly(arylene sulfide ketone) or poly(arylene sulfide diketone) resin dispersed in a liquid medium comprising a polar organic compound, comprises: (a) liquifying the first solid particulate resin in the first slurry to form a first mixture comprising a liquified resin and the polar organic compound; (b) adding, to the first mixture, a sufficient amount of at least one separaton agent to produce a second mixture, and (c) reducing the temperature of the second mixture sufficiently to solidify the liquified resin to form a second slurry comprising a polar organic compound and a second solid particulate resin having a bulk density greater than the first solid particulate resin would if recovered.

Abstract: Phenol-aldehyde novolac resins having reduced quantities of 2-functional material are prepared by removing all or part of the 2-functional material from this product resulting from reacting phenol with an aldehyde. Epoxy novolac resins prepared from the novolac resin containing less 2-functional product exhibit increased Tg values when cured.

Abstract: An amorphous and excellently moldable styrene-based polymer having a syndiotactic structure can be obtained when a styrene-based polymer having a substantially syndiotactic structure is dissolved in a solvent followed by separation and recovery of the polymer from the solution or melt thereof is quenched. Shaping the same gives various kinds of shaped articles having excellent mechanical strengths and heat resistance. Physical properties of the shaped articles can be further improved by a modification treatment.

Abstract: The relative average stereoregular character of a stereoregular linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and aliphatic .alpha.-olefin of at least 3 carbon atoms is enhanced by contacting a stereoregular linear alternating polymer with certain selective solvents and obtaining as a residue of such contacting a polymer of enhanced average stereoregular character.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making nitrile rubber characterized by being essentially gel-free and at least about 90% saturated. The process comprising reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymer in latex from, hydrazine, and an oxidant, followed by coagulation and filtration in order to isolate the reduced rubber. The process utilizes a reaction mixture containing a high molar ratio of hydrazine to unsaturated polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of maintaining the flowability of a dispersion of fine particles of a water-soluble polymer mainly comprising acrylic acid and/or acrylamide in an aqueous salt solution for a long period of time.In order to attain the above-described object, the present invention is characterized by adding to a polymer dispersion 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the dispersion, of a nonionic surfactant and 2 to 10% by weight, based on the dispersion, of an oleaginous liquid. The aqueous salt solution for dispersing the polymer particles is most preferably an aqueous solution of a salt wherein the counter ion is a monovalent cation, and the salt concentration of the aqueous solution is preferably at least 15% by weight.The acrylic water-soluble polymer dispersion is used for applications such as high-molecular flocculants, sizing agents, or paper-strength agents.

Abstract: Discrete, non-agglomerating particles of polyalkylene carbonate are produced by solvent/non-solvent precipitation using certain solvent/non-solvent systems. The free-flowing particles obtained are from 30 to 3000 microns in diameter and are suitable for use in a variety of applications, particularly the preparation of foamed articles.