Abstract: A method is provided for recovering poly(arylene sulfide) from a mixture comprising a liquid-phase poly(arylene sulfide) and a polar organic compound, wherein the liquid mixture is contacted by an amount of a liquid, vaporized, or mixed phase separation agent at least sufficient to effect or enhance a phase separation of the liquid-phase poly(arylene sulfide) component from the polar organic compound. The poly(arylene sulfide) resins recovered according to this invention generally exhibit uniform particle size and do not tend to adhere to vessel walls during the recovery.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable polyester melt blown web composition is disclosed. The polyester melt blown web is obtained by contacting the web with a solvent, and drying the web. The solvents which are used have total solubility parameters (S.sub.o) of 8.5 to 12.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, solubility parameter component due to hydrogen bonding (S.sub.h) of 0.5 to 5.5 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 and solubility parameter component due to polar forces (S.sub.p) of 0.5 to 7.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2). The polyesters used for such melt blown webs include poly(ethylene-terephthalate), poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate) and blends and copolymers of these polymers.

Abstract: A process for separating a relatively high molecular polymeric sulfonate, such as a polyvinyl sulfonate, from undesirable by-products of solfonation. An aqueous solution having a polymeric sulfonate dissolved therein is contacted with from about 7.5 to about 40 volume percent of a solvent selected from methanol, ethanol, acetone, or dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether to remove undesirable by-products of sulfonation therefrom and to enhance the molecular weight of the polymeric sulfonate.

Abstract: Discrete, non-agglomerating particles of polyalkylene carbonate are produced by solvent/non-solvent precipitation using certain solvent/non-solvent systems. The free-flowing particles obtaine are from 30 to 3000 microns in diameter and are suitable for use in a variety of applications, particularly the preparation of foamed articles.

Abstract: Use of diols or acetalized triols, di- or tricarboxylic acid esters, mixtures of dicarboxylic acid esters or butyrolactone as extracting agents for obtaining pure polyesters or copolyesters containing 3-hydroxybutyric acid units.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering poly(arylene sulfide) from a liquid reaction mixture, comprising a liquid-phase poly(arylene sulfide) and a polar organic compound which can also function as a solvent for the polymer, and water. The liquid reaction mixture is contacted by an amount of a vaporized phase separation agent at least sufficient to effect or enhance a phase separation of the liquid-phase poly(arylene sulfide) component from the polar organic compound. The poly(arylene sulfide resins recovered according to this invention exhibit greater particle size than those recovered according to prior art methods, and do not tend to adhere to vessel walls during recovery.

Abstract: A solution of a polycarbonate resin in a good solvent of the resin is introduced concurrently but separately or as mixed with a poor solvent of the resin into a blending machine of self-cleaning type and heated and devolatilized therein so that a fine powder of the resin having a uniform particle size distribution and large bulk density can be easily obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the solvent-induced crystallization of amorphous poly(etheretherketone)-type polymer to produce an article, which process comprises:A. contacting a preformed article of a polymer comprising amorphous poly(etheretherketone)-type polymer with at least one organic compound in its liquid state which consists essentially of atoms of carbon and hydrogen, optionally with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, halogen or mixtures thereof having a molecular weight of between about 160 and 320 daltons at a temperature of between about 85.degree. C. and 145.degree. C. for a time effective to crystallize the poly(etheretherketone)-type polymer,B. removing the organic compound, andC. recovering the article comprising crystallized poly(etheretherketone)-type polymer. Poly(etheretherketone), poly(phenylenesulfide) or mixtures thereof are preferred polymer systems.

Abstract: A finishing agent for finishing fibers or fiber products is disclosed. The agent is a mixture of the following components:(a) 34 to 99% by weight of a polymer of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a z-hybric aliphatic alcohol, z=2 to 9, m=20 to 75, n=0 to 10, p=0 to 3,(b) 0 to 55% by weight of a copolymer, obtained by copolymerization of(b.sub.1) one mole of a macromonomer of the general formula ##STR2## in which q=5 to 75, r=0 to 10, s=0 to 3, with (b.sub.2) 2 to 12 moles of a vinyl ester of the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHOCOR.sup.2, in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,(b.sub.3) 1 to 6 moles of N-vinylpyrrolidone,(b.sub.4) 0 to 6 moles of an acrylate or methacrylate ester of the general formula CH.sub.3 .dbd.CR.sup.3 --COOR.sup.4, in which R.sup.3 .dbd.H or CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the quotient of the average molecular weight of the monomer (b.sub.1) and the number of moles of the monomers (b.sub.2), (b.sub.3) and (b.sub.

Abstract: The invention is a process for reducing catalyst residues from a Group VIII metal compound-containing polymer of CO, ethylene and optionally at least one olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon. The process comprises contacting the polymer with an effective amount of a bidentate phsophine ligand having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrocarbon groups which may contain polar or non-polar substituents and R represents a bivalent organic bridging group containing at least two carbon atoms in the bridge, recovering a Group VIII metal compound-containing organic liquid, contacting said Group VIII metal compound-containing liquid with an effective oxidant for the Group VII metal and recycling the resulting oxidized Group VIII metal compound to a process for preparing polymers of carbon monoxide and ethylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for hot curing thermosetting resins and vulcanizable elastomers, based on the use of perfluoropolyethers in the liquid state as heat transfer media.

Abstract: Catalyst residues are reduced in linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon produced in the presence of a Group VIII transition metal catalyst by contacting the linear alternating polymer with a dithiocarbamate compound in a non-gaseous reaction environment in an oxygenated organic reaction diluent.

Abstract: The selection of the proper solvent systems for polyalkylene carbonates which completely dissolve the polymer at high temperatures but are non-solvents at lower temperatures allows one to obtain discrete particles of the polymers suitable for many applications, processing and handling. The particles size can be controlled from about 30 to about 3000 microns in diameter.

Abstract: A process for reducing the odor of isotactic polypropylene containing an odor producing unsubstituted or substituted benzoic acid ester by admixing molten isotactic polypropylene with a compound capable of undergoing transesterification with the odor producing ester, said transesterification compound being (i) a partially esterified glycerol; (ii) an expoxide; (iii) a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol; (iv) an aliphatic acid ester; or (v) mixtures thereof wherein the transesterification compound is of such functionality and/or of sufficient molecular weight to yield an ester of a molecular weight of at least about 300 upon undergoing ester interchange with said odor causing benzoic acid ester.

Abstract: A process for preparing pellets of a hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer which comprises extruding a solution of a hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in methanol or a mixture of water and methanol into a coagulating liquid in the form of a strand, and cutting the strand into pellets, the coagulating liquid consisting essentially of an organic solvent having a boiling point of not more than 100.degree. C., and being compatible with methanol but not being capable of dissolving the hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. According to the present invention, the pellets from which impurities such as sodium acetate can be efficiently removed, and which have excellent thermal stability and moldability can be obtained in high productivity.

Abstract: Grinding agent for aqueous suspension of coarse mineral materials intended for pigment applications, composed of an alkaline acrylic polymer and/or copolymer, with an average specific viscosity of less than 0.8, formed of a fraction of this polymer and/or copolymer isolated by means of a polar solvent, the specific viscosity of said fraction comprised between 0.3 and 0.8.

Abstract: In a process for preparing polyarylene sulfides by reacting a dihalo-aromatic compound with a sulfur source in an organic amide solvent in the presence of an alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid as a polymerization aid or assistant, a specific class of carboxylic acids are employed for preparing the alkali metal salt polymerization aid. The specific carboxylic acids are of the general formula: R(COOH).sub.n (wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 organic radical and n is an integer not less than 1) and have a solubility of not less than 3 g/100 ml in ethanol at 20.degree. C. Use of such a carboxylic acid in the process permits the recovery thereof from the polymerization mixture to be effected with significantly improved efficiency.

Abstract: Impurities can be removed from a polyphenylene sulfide resin with a high efficiency by heat-mixing a powdery phenylene sulfide resin with a solvent selected from (I) at least one solvent selected from dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, glycerol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, (II) a mixed solvent of a solvent selected from dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, glycerol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol with an .alpha.-halogenated naphthalene or biphenyl, (III) a mixed solvent of the mixed solvent (II) or at least one solvent selected from benzyl alcohol, sulfolane and glycerol with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with water to bring the powder and the solvent sufficiently into contact with each other in the partially dissolved state, cooling and filtering the mixture, and washing the filter cake with a solvent incapable of dissolving the polyphenylene sulfide resin therein.

Abstract: Suspension stabilizer particles are removed from the surface of polymer particles formed in a limiting coalescence formation technique by dissolving in a solution containing a fluoralkyl polyether surface active agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biaxially oriented poly-p-phenylene sulfide film prepared from a resin composition comprising poly-p-phenylene sulfide as its principal component, 20-1000 ppm of at least one metal belonging to IA group or IIA group of the periodic table and 100-600 ppm of nitrogen, the poly-p-phenylene sulfide having an weight average molecular weight Mw of 30,000-90,000, and a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight Mw/Mn of 3-10. The film of the present invention has an excellent mechanical properties and dimensional stability, as well as excellent clearness.

Abstract: The invention relates to the purification of polymers, particularly resorbable polyesters, using shear fields produced mechanically or by fluid dynamics.

Abstract: The invention is a process for working up a linear alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide, ethylene and optionally at least one olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon, which process comprises contacting the copolymer with an organic solvent in the absence of molecular oxygen and under conditions effective to reduce the amount of impurities in the copolymer, and drying the copolymer in the absence of molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A polyarylene sulfide having a low content of electrolytic ions is economically recovered from a mixture consisting mainly of polyarylene sulfide and an alkali metal halide which mixture is obtained by reacting a polyhalogenated aromatic compound and an alkali metal sulfide containing water in an organic polar solvent, by dehydrating the mixture by distillation, mixing the dehydrated mixture with a solvent which is a poor solvent for both polyarylene sulfide and alkali metal halide and which is soluble in the organic polar solvent to prepare a slurry consisting essentially of the polyarylene sulfide and the alkali metal halide, subjecting the slurry to solid-liquid separation, washing the resultant cake with the poor solvent, drying the cake, adding water to the cake to wash away the alkali metal halide through dissolution, and subjecting the slurry to solid-liquid separation to recover polyarylene sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous process which removes the 1 to 3% cyclic oligomers formed in the polycarbonate process and after hydrolysis of the oligomers recycles the resulting monomer for use in the reaction forming the polycarbonates. To remove the cyclic oligomers to a level so as to produce an improved polycarbonate product and to recover the oligomers in an economical manner for recycling in a continuous process, the selection of a solvent is unique and essential to achieve the continuous process. The solvent for the cyclic oligomers must be immiscible with water, must not react with an alkali and have a cohesive energy density of less than 90.

Abstract: The invention is a process for reducing catalyst residues from a Group VIII metal compound-containing polymer of CO, ethylene and optionally at least one of olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon. The process comprises contacting the polymer with an effective amount of a bidentate phosphine ligand having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrocarbon groups which may contain polar or non-polar substituents and R represents a bivalent organic bridging group containing at least two carbon atoms in the bridge.

Abstract: A process for achieving a high yield of rubber and/or resin from rubber containing plants such as guayule plants by crushing the plants, forming a slurry with a solvent and fine grinding said slurry with a high shear mixer. The time required by the process is very short in comparison with prior art techniques.

Abstract: Poly(arylene sulfide) oligomers are recovered in a process comprising steps of:(a) dehydration of an aqueous admixture of alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, and alkali metal bisulfide such as sodium bisulfide, in a polar organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), wherein the molar ratio of alkali metal hydroxide to alkali metal bisulfide is about 0.90:1 to about 1.05:1 prior to dehydration and 0.99:1 to about 1.

Abstract: A process for extracting rubber and/or resin from rubber containing plants such as guayule utilizing a monophase mixture of an organic polar solvent and a hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: A process for extracting resin and rubber from guayule plants utilizing a portion of recycled miscella and a fresh solvent system. An expression step is applied to the plants to enhance recovery of resin and rubber extract. The solvent system is preferably an organic polar solvent and a hydrocarbon solvent for rubber for simultaneous resin and rubber extraction containing at least 50% by weight of the hydrocarbon solvent. The process can be a one-step method wherein resin and rubber are generally simultaneously extracted.

Abstract: Many synthetic latices are produced with a small particle size. It is desirable to increase the particle size and concentrate the latex. It is known to use agglomerating agents to increase particle size. The temperature of agglomeration may be reduced if the latex is destabilized with a weak acid, preferably carbonic acid. This results in an energy saving for the process.

Abstract: Method for recovering an aromatic polyether as a solid product from a solution thereof in an organic solvent by precipitating with a fluorohydrocarbon which may also contain chlorine or bromine and which boils at -30.degree. C. to +100.degree. C.

Abstract: Polyetheroxy-substituted polyphosphazenes having reduced mono and polyetheroxy alkanol, alkali metal and halide contaminants that are suitable for use in making solid electrolytes are made by dissolving the impure polyphosphazene in an inert solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofuran) and mixing this solution with a cycloalkane (e.g. cyclohexane) to precipitate the polyetheroxy-substituted polyphosphazene with reduced etheroxy alkanol content. This can be dissolved in water and contacted with an anion exchange material to remove residual halide anions. The purified polyetheroxy-substituted polyphosphazene is then recovered by distilling off the water.

Abstract: High molecular weight polyester resins are sometimes produced from low molecular weight polyester prepolymers having the same composition by solid state polymerization. Polyester prepolymers are generally converted from the amorphous state to the crystalline state prior to solid state polymerization in order to raise their sticking temperature. This is done in order to keep the polyester prepolymer from sticking together as a solid mass in the solid state polymerization reactor. Such polyester prepolymers have traditionally been crystallized by heating them to elevated temperatures. It has been found that polyester prepolymers can be crystallized by exposing them to the vapors of certain volatile organic compounds. By utilizing such vapors to crystallize polyester prepolymers the need for a thermal crystallization step can be eliminated.

Abstract: A process is provided herein wherein a solid polymer slurry diluted with a specific diluent is continuously discharged under controlled conditions from a high pressure zone to a low pressure zone substantially maintained at atmospheric pressure and the slurry is then separated into said diluent and dried polymer, the improvement wherein the discharged amount of the solid polymer slurry is strictly controlled by varying the heat in the second zone and simultaneously adding a diluent which is gaseous under normal temperature and pressure so that by the control of these two perimeters a continuous slurry discharge can be maintained at predetermined levels.

Abstract: After crude polyacetal polymers mainly comprising bonded oxymethylene groups in the main chain thereof were once molten, they are heated at temperatures of 80.degree. C. or above in liquid mediums, in which said crude polyacetal polymers are insoluble, with keeping a heterogeneous system after they were once molten.

Abstract: A formed product of a high molecular compound having a glass transition temperature of not more than about 60.degree. C., which is substantially free of halogenated solvents harmful to the human body, is produced by mixing the high molecular compound, a halogenated solvent and an organic solvent other than the halogenated solvent which is compatible with the solvent and is less apt to dissolve the high molecular compound to prepare a solution and then maintaining the solution at a temperature around the boiling point of the halogenated solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent, antifogging coating or film comprised of a plastic material, which coating or film may be employed as an external layer in a laminated pane.The invention transparent coating or film is a highly elastic, three-dimensionally crosslinked layer comprised of at least one surface active agent disposed within its crosslinked structure.

Abstract: A method of recovering a vinyl chloride resin, which comprises mixing an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl chloride resin with an organic liquid which is difficultly soluble in water and does not dissolve nor swell the vinyl chloride resin to form a granular aggregate of the vinyl chloride resin, dehydrating the aggregate and drying it, wherein the granular aggregate before dehydration is adjusted to such a particle size that it contains not more than 20% by weight of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 100 microns.

Abstract: A method for separating guayule bagasse from a guayule-solvent mixture utilizing a monophase solvent. Upon the addition of water, a two-phase system is formed wherein the bagasse is located just below the monophase solvent-water interface.

Abstract: A process for purifying a rubbery polymer by removing a catalyst residue from a rubbery polymer containing the catalyst residue obtained by polymerizing in slurry ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin or ethylene, an .alpha.-olefin and a non-conjugated diene in a poor solvent with a catalyst consisting of an organoaluminum compound and a transition metal compound, characterized in that the removal of the catalyst residue is conducted by water extraction consisting of(1) adding a good solvent and a surface active agent to the polymer slurry in the first step, and(2) adding water to the slurry obtained in above (1) in second step.This process enables the catalyst residue to be removed from EPDM in a very high efficiency.

Abstract: A method for flocculating latex particles in a latex is characterized in that a water soluble cationic polymer containing a quaternary ammonium salt in its molecular chain is added as a flocculant to the latex. Also disclosed is a process for producing a thermoplastic resin which comprises flocculating latex particles in a latex material by adding a water soluble cationic polymer containing a quaternary ammonium salt in its molecular chain to the latex, removing freed water from the flocculated latex to obtain a wet cake and then drying the wet cake directly or after the granulation.

Abstract: A process for producing ethylene polymers or ethylene copolymers comprising the steps of: (a) continuously polymerizing ethylene or ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin in a reaction mixture at a pressure of at least 300 kg/cm.sup.2 and a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst composed of a compound of a transition metal of groups IVa and VIa of the Periodic Table and an organometallic compound of a metal of groups I to III of the Periodic Table; and (b) adding a polyalkylene glycol to the reaction mixture to deactivate the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent, antifogging coating or film comprised of a plastic material, which coating or film may be employed as an external layer in a laminated pane.The invention transparent coating or film is a highly elastic, three-dimensionally crosslinked layer comprised of at least one surface active agent disposed within its crosslinked structure.

Abstract: A method for making a quite finely divided particulate copolymeric perfluorocarbon having pendant cation exchange functional groups, and having an equivalent weight of at least in excess of 900 but not greater than about 1500. In the method, the perfluorocarbon copolymer is solvated in a solvent and then precipitated from solution by addition of a substance miscible in the solvent but having essentially no capability for solvating the perfluorocarbon copolymer. The method is conducted at a temperature generally below about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for the coagulation of rubber polymers from aqueous emulsions thereof wherein the coagulation is undertaken in the presence of an additive selected from a polysaccharide material and from a vegetable derived proteinaceous material. The polymers so coagulated are readily dried and may be used for the manufacture of products well known for the specific polymers.

Abstract: Polypropylene powder is produced by dissolving polypropylene in a solvent mixture at an elevated temperature, cooling the solution to below about 80.degree. while maintaining it in quiescent condition for precipitation of the polypropylene as particles which are composed of polypropylene grains, separating the precipitate, drying, and subjecting the dry particles to mechanical comminution.

Abstract: A process for producing particles having an increased particle diameter from a powder of a polyolefin resin, which comprises heating the polyolefin resin powder at a temperature higher than the melting point of the resin in a dispersion medium in the presence of a dispersing agent and a surface-active agent.

Abstract: (Co)polymers which are composed of one or more monomers from the group comprising(a) the vinyl-aromatic monomers and(b) the ethylenically unsaturated monomersand furthermore contain one or more monomer components (a) or (b), or (a) and (b), as unreacted residual monomers are treated at above the glass temperature of the (co)polymer and in the presence of one or more assistants, which have been added to the (co)polymer. The assistant used is a bicyclic compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is a methylene, ethylene, 1,1-ethenyl, 1,2-ethenyl, carbonyl, azo, amino, ether or thioether group which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, an ether group or a thioether group, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxyalkyl or nitrile, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or carboxyalkyl, and R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: In a process for producing a homopolymer or a copolymer of propylene comprising polymerizing propylene or copolymerizing propylene and at least one other unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer in liquid propylene using a catalyst system containing activated titanium trichloride (a) and an organoaluminum compound (b), the activated titanium trichloride (a) being prepared by reducing titanium tetrachloride with an organoaluminum compound followed by activation, to produce a polymer slurry; introducing the polymer slurry produced into the top of a counter-current washing tower; and washing the polymer slurry by counter-currently contacting the polymer slurry with liquid propylene introduced into the bottom of the washing tower, the improvement which comprises purifying the homopolymer or copolymer of propylene by feeding an epoxide in a molar amount of about 1 to about 15 times the molar amount of the total of activated titanium trichloride (a) and organoaluminum compound (b), to a part of said washing tower, thereby d

Abstract: In the preparation of a high molecular weight polyphenylene ether from a monohydric phenol by an oxidative coupling reaction with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst complex obtained from a metal salt and an organic amine and in the presence of a solvent, and isolation of the metal ion component of the catalyst from the polyphenylene ether solution by means of a complex-forming or chelate-forming compound, the catalyst is removed by a method wherein complex formation and isolation of the metal ion component of the catalyst are carried out in an aqueous medium in the presence of from 0.1 to 5,000 mg of an anionic or non-ionic surfactant.