Abstract: Process for preparing diamino diphenyl methane and poly-(diamino diphenyl methane) comprising reacting aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen chloride added in the gaseous form wherein the aniline contains 0.1 to 7 wt %, preferably 2 to 5 wt % of a protic chemical, preferably water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing polystyrene. The method includes the steps: using at least one scrapped surface heat exchanger (160) to heat a solution of polystyrene dissolved in an organic solvent to provide a heated solution of polystyrene dissolved in the organic solvent, and separating the dissolved polystyrene from the organic solvent. The apparatus includes: a holding tank at least partly filled with a solution of polystyrene dissolved in an organic solvent, at least one scrapped surface heat exchanger (160), and a separator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recycling polyesters or polyester mixtures from polyester-containing waste, in which the polyester or the polyester mixture is dissolved in a solvent and subsequently free-flowing particles are precipitated herefrom with a precipitant. The precipitant is thereby chosen such that subsequent separation of precipitant and solvent is made possible in a simple manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for hydrolyzing polyphosphoric acid in a fiber and the removal of hydrolyzed polyphosphoric acid from the fiber.

Abstract: An initiator for cationic polymerization comprises a salt of a protic acid as well as a protic acid. The molar ratio of protic acid to salt is in the range from 1:0.01 to 1:2000. The initiator is used for example for cationic homo- or copolymerization of trioxane, and permits stable and flexible operation of the polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising a mixture of at least one acid-activated sheet silicate with a transition metal oxide of groups 8 and/or 9 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and also a process for preparing polytetrahydrofuran, polytetrahydrofuran copolymers, diesters or monoesters of these polymers, in which tetrahydrofuran is polymerized in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer over such a catalyst.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a process for producing a polyoxymethylene copolymer in a molding machine with a reduced generation of formaldehyde gas. In a process for continuously producing a polyoxymethylene copolymer comprising a step of melt-kneading a crude polyoxymethylene copolymer at a temperature not lower than the melting point thereof, devolatilizing under reduced pressure the formaldehyde gas generated as a decomposition product, subsequently mixing a formaldehyde scavenger containing a hydrazide compound (A) while keeping the copolymer in a molten state and immediately pelletizing the mixture, a dispersed solution obtained by slurry-dispersing said (A) in a diluent (B) having a melting point lower than temperature (Ta) which is the lower of the melting point and the decomposition temperature of (A), within a temperature range not lower than the melting point of (B) and lower than (Ta) is used as the formaldehyde scavenger.

Abstract: A polyester production system employing a vertically elongated esterification reactor. The esterification reactor of the present invention is an improvement over conventional CSTR esterification reactors because, for example, in one embodiment, the reactor requires little or no mechanical agitation. Further, in one embodiment, the positioning of the inlets and outlets of the reactor provides improved operational performance and flexibility over CSTRs of the prior art.

Abstract: Crosslinkable substituted fluorene compounds; oligomers and polymers prepared from such crosslinkable compounds; films and coatings; and multilayer electronic devices comprising such films are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for chemical recycling of PET waste that comprises, among other stages, a saponification reaction stage, wherein PET waste particles are reacted with stoichiometric or excessive amounts of a strong base metal in an alcoholic reaction media, the reaction being brought to the boiling temperature of the alcoholic reaction media, preferably at atmospheric pressure, thereby obtaining as reaction products a salt of terephthalic acid with the base metal and ethylene glycol, the latter being incorporated to the alcoholic reaction media. From this reaction it is possible to afford ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid and salts thereof, which are products with a high commercial value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for removing phosphorus from a fiber or yarn.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an article incorporating a selectively-releasable adhesive includes a substrate having a surface and a layer of selectively-releasable adhesive provided on the surface of the substrate, the selectively-releasable adhesive comprising a copolymer formed from a multifunctional alcohol and a multifunctional carboxylic acid that has been cured.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for preparing a selectively releasable adhesive includes condensing a multifunctional alcohol and a multifunctional carboxylic acid to form a prepolymer and curing the prepolymer at an elevated temperature and a vacuum to produce a cured polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the continuous polycondensation of polyester material in the solid phase, in particular in the form of partially crystalline granulate. The aim of the invention is to achieve a high product throughput on recrystallising and recondensation of polyester material with a low initial IV. Said aim is achieved, whereby on recrystallisation, a low residence time of 1-10 minutes is achieved, by means of a rapid heating of a thin product layer, followed by an SSP treatment.

Abstract: A method of controlling oil-absorbing properties of a silicone rubber powder characterized by keeping a silicone rubber powder in hot storage at a temperature in the range of 40° C. to 150° C. or in cold storage at a temperature in the range of 0° C. to 10° C.

Abstract: Method of determining the melt mass flow rate of an ethylene polymer in the polymerization of ethylene or of ethylene with further comonomers, which is carried out at temperatures of from 140° C. to 350° C. and pressures of from 40 MPa to 350 MPa in a reactor to form the ethylene polymer and the ethylene polymer is subsequently cooled in a heat exchanger, which comprises: a) establishment of a correlation between the thermal conductivity of the ethylene polymer in the heat exchanger and the melt mass flow rate of the ethylene polymer, with the individual measurements each being carried out at an essentially constant melt mass flow rate, b) measurement of the thermal conductivity of an ethylene polymer in the heat exchanger c) calculation of the melt mass flow rate from the thermal conductivity measured in b) and the correlation established in a).

Abstract: A method for preparing multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) amines from multi-arm PEG polyols is described. The method comprises a two step process, wherein the multi-arm PEG polyol is first reacted with thionyl chloride to form a multi-arm PEG chloride, which is subsequently reacted with aqueous or anhydrous ammonia to yield the multi-arm PEG amine.

Abstract: In one embodiment, there is provided a process comprising introducing polyester polymer particles containing residual acetaldehyde into a vessel at a temperature within a range of 130° C. to 195° C. to form a bed of particles within the vessel, flowing a gas through at least a portion of the particle bed, and withdrawing finished particles from the vessel having a reduced amount of residual acetaldehyde. In this process, it is not necessary to introduce a hot flow of gas at high flow rates otherwise required to heat up cool particles to a temperature sufficient to strip acetaldehyde. Rather, this process provides a benefit in that, if desired, gas introduced into the vessel at low flow rates and low temperatures can nevertheless effectively strip acetaldehyde in a reasonable time because the hot particles quickly heat a the gas to the particle temperature.

Abstract: The invention embraces polyester resins and containers that include surface-modified talc. The invention also embraces a method for the late introduction of surface-modified talc via a reactive carrier to achieve a polyester resin that is capable of being formed into low-haze, high-clarity bottles possessing reduced coefficient of friction.

Abstract: Process for recovering at least one polymer in solution in a solvent by precipitation by means of a non-solvent introduced gradually into the solution to form the precipitation medium, whereby: in the course of the introduction of the non-solvent into the precipitation medium, there is first a phase separation (into a continuous phase rich in solvent, in which the polymer is dissolved, and into a disperse phase, consisting of droplets rich in non-solvent) and then there is a phase inversion (the continuous phase then becoming the phase rich in non-solvent, and the disperse phase becoming the phase rich in solvent containing the dissolved polymer) the non-solvent is initially introduced into the precipitation medium in liquid form only and in a quantity (Q?) which is not zero but is less than the quantity (Q) required to bring about the phase inversion, and is subsequently introduced into the precipitation medium at least partly in vapour form.

Abstract: A polyphenylene sulfide resin treated by thermal oxidation has a generated gas amount of 0.23 wt % or less when the resin is heated and melted in vacuum at 320° C. for 2 hours; a residual amount of 3.0 wt % or less as a residue when the resin is dissolved in an amount corresponding to 20 times the weight of the resin, of 1-chloronaphthalene at 250° C. for 5 minutes and, as the 1-chloronaphthalene solution, pressure-filtered in a still hot state by a PTFE membrane filter with a pore size of 1 ?m or less; and a melt flow rate (measured at a temperature of 315.5° C. and at a load of 5000 g according to ASTM D-1238-70) of more than 100 g/10 min to 500 g/10 min.

Abstract: A polymer additive for improving the reheat characteristics of a polymer or polymeric composition comprises an inorganic material which is such that a 2.5 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate plaque incorporating the inorganic material has, when tested, an absorption ratio of less than 0.9, wherein the absorption ratio is either the ratio of A1/A2 or the ratio A1/A3, wherein: A1 is the maximum absorption between 400 nm and 550 nm; A2 is the maximum absorption between 700 to 1100 nm; A3 is the maximum absorption between 700 to 1600 nm. Preferred inorganic materials are titanium nitride, indium tin oxide and lanthanum hexaboride.

Abstract: The PENT value for a resin may be estimated within ±10% by determining the % of heat flow to melt a fraction of a polymer above or below a set point and comparing it to a graph or algorithm of PENT values related to the % of heat flow to melt entire sample for a number of resins made using the same catalyst system. In a similar manner one may estimate the process conditions to prepare a polymer having a target PENT value based on the conditions used to prepare the samples for the graph or algorithms. The invention provides a simple procedure that may be used at a manufacturing site to estimate PENT values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for recycling a recovered polycondensation polymer which comprises a process wherein a recovered polycondensation polymer is supplied in a molten state to a polymerizer having a porous plate, and then after ejecting the polycondensation polymer through pores of the porous plate, the polymerization degree of the polycondensation polymer is increased under a reduced pressure or in a reduced inert gas atmosphere while dropping the polycondensation polymer along a supporting body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyketone with improved catalytic activity and intrinsic viscosity, and specifically a process for preparing polyketone, using a mixed solvent of 40 to 60 mol % acetic acid and 40 to 60 mol % water, as a liquid medium, and the precursor of palladium chloride-1,3-bis[di(methoxyphenyl)phosphino]propane, as a catalyst component.

Abstract: The present invention provides, e.g., methods to recycle and/or reduce plastic, non-plastic, or a combination thereof, from a waste stream. The methods of the present invention include contacting the plastic waste with infrared (IR) energy at one or more frequencies and at one or more intensities, over a period of time effective to heat plastic present in the plastic waste.

Abstract: A process for making a carbonous residue from scrap tires is disclosed. Tires are digested in an oil product. Steel and glass fibers are separated. A product enhancing additive comprising halogen based organic or inorganic compounds is added. The resulting carbonaceous material is then cured to create the final product. The produced carbonous residue is well suited for capture of mercury. The present invention has the benefits of providing a use for scrap tires that would otherwise require disposal in a landfill, and also produces a product useful for capturing a harmful element, thereby providing multiple environmental and economic benefits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymer film and also polymer fibers and polymers based on polyazoles, which can, owing to its excellent chemical and thermal properties, be used for a variety of purposes and is particularly useful as film or membrane for gas purification and filtration.

Abstract: A method of preparing a material for use in a manufactured seed is provided. The method includes providing the material having a melting temperature. The method also includes subjecting the material to a heat treatment at a temperature about 10% below the melting temperature for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing non-whitening molded articles of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) with reduced whitening by treating the articles with heat.

Abstract: Processes of synthesizing aromatic amine-based benzoxazine resins are disclosed. The processes provide new routes for synthesizing benzoxazine from aromatic diamines or multifunctional aromatic amines that may solve the problem of insoluble products resulted from the condensation of hydroxymethylamine with amine by using aromatic diamine, phenol and formaldehyde as a raw materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for hydrolyzing polyphosphoric acid in spun multifilament yarns.

Abstract: A method of treating an amorphous CBDO polymer to impart self healing and shape memory properties by heat treatment, and products resulting from such method are described. An amorphous CBDO copolymer may include a copolyester prepared by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or ester or anhydride thereof, a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, or mixture thereof. The method may include heating said copolymer to a temperature above its glass transition temperature to impart self healing and shape memory properties.

Abstract: A PBI compound that includes imidazole nitrogens, at least a portion of which are substituted with an organic-inorganic hybrid moiety. At least 85% of the imidazole nitrogens may be substituted. The organic-inorganic hybrid moiety may be an organosilane moiety, for example, (R)Me2SiCH2—, where R is selected from among methyl, phenyl, vinyl, and allyl. The PBI compound may exhibit similar thermal properties in comparison to the unsubstituted PBI. The PBI compound may exhibit a solubility in an organic solvent greater than the solubility of the unsubstituted PBI. The PBI compound may be included in separatory media. A substituted PBI synthesis method may include providing a parent PBI in a less than 5 wt % solvent solution. Substituting may occur at about room temperature and/or at about atmospheric pressure. Substituting may use at least five equivalents in relation to the imidazole nitrogens to be substituted or, preferably, about fifteen equivalents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for increasing the molecular weight of a polyamide via solid-state post-condensation by exposing the polyamide in the solid-state at elevated temperature to an inert gas atmosphere, that comprises a step (a) wherein the gas atmosphere to which the polyamide is exposed has a dew temperature Tdew-1, followed by a step (b) wherein the gas atmosphere to which the polyamide is exposed has a dew temperature Tdew-2, whereby Tdew-1 is higher than Tdew-2. The effect is that a high molecular weight polyamide can be obtained in a shorter production time.

Abstract: A dehydration step is conducted by heating a mixture containing an organic amide solvent and a sulfur source including an alkali metal hydrosulfide, and a part of an overall charged amount of an alkali metal hydroxide as needed. The mixture remaining within the system after the dehydration step is mixed with a dihalo-aromatic compound, the resultant mixture is heated to conduct a polymerization reaction, and the alkali metal hydroxide is added to the mixture for polymerization reaction continuously or in portions to control the pH of the mixture for polymerization reaction within a range of from 7 to 12.5 from the beginning to the end of the polymerization reaction. The poly(arylene sulfide) according to the present invention has a nitrogen content of at most 800 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for hydrolyzing polyphosphoric acid in a fiber and the removal of hydrolyzed polyphosphoric acid from the fiber.

Abstract: The invention is a method for the late introduction of additives into polyethylene terephthalate. The method employs a reactive carrier that functions as a delivery vehicle for one or more additives. The reactive carrier reacts with the polyethylene terephthalate, thereby binding the reactive carrier in the polyethylene terephthalate resin and preventing the emergence of the reactive carrier and additives from the polyethylene terephthalate during subsequent thermal processing.

Abstract: Process including steps (a.) through (c.). Step (a.) involves providing a mixture of 41-47 parts by weight phenol component and 54-58 parts by weight formaldehyde. The phenol component in this step is approximately ? by weight para-phenylphenol and ? by weight phenol. Step (b.) involves adding 2-12 parts by weight previously manufactured phenolic resole resin to the mixture formed in step (a.). Step (c.) involves allowing the resulting mixture of phenol, formaldehyde, and phenolic resole resin to react, thereby producing a phenolic resin having a high molecular weight fraction of at least 10 weight-percent. Also, phenolic resole resin made by the process of described herein. Such phenolic resole resin has an average molecular weight that is at least 10% lower and a viscosity that is at least 10% lower than a comparable phenolic resole resin made by carrying out steps (a.) and (c.) in the absence of step (b.) as described herein.

Abstract: In a process for producing a poly(arylene sulfide) by polymerizing a sulfur source and a dihalo-aromatic compound in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide in an organic amide solvent, the production process comprises washing a polymer obtained by the polymerization with a hydrophilic organic solvent containing water in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight, thereby collecting a purified polymer, the content of nitrogen contained in an extract extracted by a mixed solvent containing 40% by weight of acetonitrile and 60% by weight of water from the purified polymer is at most 50 ppm on the basis of the weight of the polymer, and a poly(arylene sulfide), the content of nitrogen contained in an extract extracted by a mixed solvent containing 40% by weight of acetonitrile and 60% by weight of water from the purified polymer is at most 50 ppm on the basis of the weight of the polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are thermal processes for increasing polyareneazole inherent viscosities.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a selectively-releasable adhesive includes a copolymer formed from a multifunctional alcohol and a multifunctional carboxylic acid, wherein the copolymer has been cured the equivalent of up to approximately 20 hours at 120° C. and 100 millitorr.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process by which a water-absorbent resin of excellent quality can be obtained at a low cost by reasonable steps in aqueous solution polymerization. The process for producing a water-absorbent resin comprises the step of polymerizing an aqueous solution of water-absorbent resin-forming monomers including acrylic acid and/or its sodium salt as major components, wherein: (1) the aqueous solution has a monomer component concentration of not less than 45 weight %; (2) the polymerization is carried out while water is evaporated so that the ratio (concentration ratio) between a solid component concentration in a hydropolymer as formed by the polymerization and a solid component concentration in the aqueous monomer solution will not be less than 1.10; and (3) the solid component concentration in the hydropolymer as formed by the polymerization is not more than 80 weight %.

Abstract: A method for producing a borohydride is described that includes the steps of providing a source of borate; providing a material that chemically reduces the source of the borate to produce a borohydride; and reacting the source of the borate and the material by supplying heat at a temperature that substantially effects the production of the borohydride.

Abstract: A method of making an alkoxylated polyethyleneimine (APEI) product having reduced discoloration includes treating a composition including a component selected from the group of polyethyleneimine (PEI), APEI intermediate, and combinations thereof that is used to make the APEI product. The method of treating the composition includes heating a composition that includes an adduct of a conjugate base and PEI, water, and the component at a temperature of from 158 to 338° F. for a period of at least three hours in the absence of additional water in order to substantially decompose the adduct in the composition. The aqueous solutions of APEI product thus made have Gardner color values of less than 6.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline polyester fiber which exhibits a half width of endothermic peak (Tm1) of 15° C. or above as observed in differential calorimetry under heating from 50° C. at a temperature elevation rate of 20° C./min and a strength of 12.0 cN/dtex or more; and a process for production of the same. A liquid crystalline polyester fiber which is excellent in abrasion resistance and lengthwise uniformity and is improved in weavability and quality of fabric and which is characterized by a small single-fiber fineness can be efficiently produced without impairing the characteristics inherent in fabric made of liquid crystalline polyester fiber produced by solid phase polymerization, namely, high strength, high elastic modulus and excellent thermal resistance.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a resorcinol-aldehyde resin comprises heating a resorcinol-aldehyde resin in the substantial absence of an acid or base catalyst at a temperature from about 130° C. to about 180° C. for a sufficient amount of time to render the resin stable in an aqueous solution, wherein the resorcinol-aldehyde resin prior to heating is a novolak resin. The stabilized resins have many useful applications. For example, they can be used to make aerogels and xerogels. They also can be used to make dipping solutions to improve the adhesion between rubber and tire cords in a tire, belt, or hose.

Abstract: The invention under consideration concerns novel high-molecular-weight polyazoles, which are suitable for the production of fibers, films, membranes, and molded articles, on the basis of their high molecular weight, expressed as intrinsic viscosity, of at least 1.3 dl/g. Moreover, the invention under consideration describes a method for the production of high-molecular-weight polyazoles.

Abstract: A process for thermally crystallizing a polyester polymer by introducing pellets into a liquid medium having a temperature of at least 140° C. within a liquid medium zone and crystallizing the submerged pellets at or above the vapor pressure of the liquid medium without increasing the molecular weight of the pellets, and while the pressure on at least a portion of the pellets is equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of the liquid medium, separating at least a portion of said pellets and at least a portion of the liquid medium from each other. The crystallization is desirably conducted in the liquid medium zone without mechanically induced agitation. Optionally, the pellets are wormed by an underfluid pelletizer.

Abstract: There is provided a polyketone comprising repeating units, 95-100 mole % of which are 1-oxotrimethylene and having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.5-20 dl/g, wherein the content of Pd element is 0-20 ppm, terminal structures include an alkyl ester group (terminal group A) and an alkyl ketone group (terminal group B), and the equivalent ratio of terminal group A/terminal group B is 0.1-8.0. The polyketone of the present invention can be used in any forms, such as fibers and films, and can be applied to a wide variety of the uses such as clothing, reinforcing materials for rubbers, resins, cements, and optical fibers, electronic materials, battery materials, civil engineering materials, medical materials, daily commodities, fishery materials, and packaging materials.