Heated Securing Means Patents (Class 53/329.2)
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Patent number: 7234500Abstract: A cutting device (10) for cutting a material (12) and providing a cut portion of the material (12). The device comprises a heating assembly comprising an electrical induction arrangement (32) for heating the cut portion of the material by induction heating.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 2003Date of Patent: June 26, 2007Assignee: Relco U.K. LimitedInventors: David Gill, Mark Gill
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Patent number: 7231752Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of wrapping products in films, including the steps of: positioning the products on a first sheet of film which is continuously advanced in one transport direction; covering the products with a second sheet of film, which is continuously advanced in the transport direction and which is aligned plane-parallel to the first sheet of film; ultrasonically welding the first and second films on the outer edges of the products in each case and ultrasonically separating the overlapping films at selected positions; separating the wrapped products or groups of wrapped products.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 2003Date of Patent: June 19, 2007Assignee: Mars, IncorporatedInventors: Richard Merken-Schiller, Stefan Eberhardt, Pamela Czechowski
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Patent number: 7213383Abstract: A foam-in-bag assembly with a film feed mechanism which feeds film with a film driver and a bag forming assembly which includes an edge sealer that contacts film being fed by the film driver and which is supported on a moving member of the film feed mechanism and retains a fixed position relative to the moving member while in sealing engagement with the film being fed by the film driver. The edge seal assembly is preferably for use with a nip roller set and has a bearing through which a driving shaft of the nip roller extends and an edge wire is received on an edge wire support of the edge sealer. The support for the edge wire retains a fixed edge seal position while the driving member rotates within the sleeve.Type: GrantFiled: July 22, 2003Date of Patent: May 8, 2007Assignee: IntelliPackInventors: Douglas Walker, George Bertram
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Patent number: 7213382Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for packaging contact lenses. The apparatus includes a compliant head, improved heater and improved heat seal die.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 2005Date of Patent: May 8, 2007Assignee: Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc.Inventors: Leslie A. Voss, Gregory S. Duncan, Ravi S. Sanka, Gary S. Hall, Mark E. Schlagel, Michael F. Widman
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Patent number: 7168223Abstract: The present invention is a capsule-sealing machine that uses a heat-sealing process to apply sterile aluminum blank capsules on food or drink containers or cans, preferably cylindrical in shape but also square, rectangular or oval. The machine includes a conveyor belt that conveys cans to the machine, a loading carousel, a main carousel, where the blank capsules or can covers are sealed onto the cans, an unloading carousel, and an outfeed conveyor belt. The blank capsules are contained in vertical capsule magazines. A series of suction cups removes the blank capsules from the magazines and passes them to another series of suction cups located inside sealing heads of the main carousel. In the main carousel, the cans are raised by the elevating units and come into contact first with the blank capsules and then with the corresponding sealing head.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 2002Date of Patent: January 30, 2007Assignee: ECOCAP'S s.r.l.Inventor: Dangher Caffeo
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Patent number: 7121402Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method for sealing a container. The method includes, providing at least two components of the container, positioning a crushable material between the at least two components, positioning a reactive multilayer material between the at least two components, deforming the crushable material so as to form a seal between the at least two components, chemically transforming the reactive multilayer material so as to join the at least two components.Type: GrantFiled: April 1, 2004Date of Patent: October 17, 2006Assignee: Reactive Nano Technologies, IncInventors: David Peter Van Heerden, Dale Deger, Timothy P. Weihs, Omar M. Knio
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Patent number: 7089718Abstract: A system for heat-shrinking a film onto an open-topped container is provided, including at least one reflective cup having a reflective interior surface, and at least one radiant energy source. The reflective cup and the radiant energy source may be rotationally mounted. The interior surface of the reflective cup has as least an elliptical portion and a parabolic portion.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 2003Date of Patent: August 15, 2006Assignee: Green-Line Products, Inc.Inventors: Scott I. Biba, Robert J. Aloisi, Christopher L. Jones, Robert A. Hamersma, Douglas E. Seals, William J. Bakker, Noel A. Williams
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Patent number: 6989518Abstract: A method of sealing a foil cap to the opening of a container by induction heating is provided. A heat pipe is used to transfer heat from an induction sealing head assembly.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 2004Date of Patent: January 24, 2006Assignee: Lepel Corp.Inventor: Robert J. Terano
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Publication number: 20040261262Abstract: The specification discloses an apparatus comprising an alignment plate having a plurality of depressions therein, each depression being sized to receive a packaging cap therein and to prevent its movement, and a force applicator to apply a force to press the packaging caps and a substrate firmly together. Also disclosed is a process comprising inserting a plurality of packaging caps in a plurality of depressions on an alignment plate, each depression being sized to receive a packaging cap and prevent its movement, aligning the plurality of packaging caps with individual devices on a substrate, placing the substrate in contact with the packaging caps, and applying a force to press the caps against the substrate. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 30, 2003Publication date: December 30, 2004Inventors: Gregory S. Clemons, Mitesh C. Patel
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Publication number: 20040237472Abstract: An automated container production line for automatically removing, orienting, filling, sealing and providing a label and applying a straw to the outside of the labeled container is provided which utilizes a novel orienting conveyor for receiving unoriented containers from a supply bin and orienting the containers for a plurality of novel short production lines having a positioning screw conveyor which intermittently starts and stops the advancement of the containers as groups of containers in which various groups of containers are simultaneously filled, sealed, inspected and then subsequently transported to a sleeving device for adding labels, a heat shrink tunnel for fastening the sleeve to the container and then to a novel straw applicator for subsequently attaching a straw to the outside of the container.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 29, 2004Publication date: December 2, 2004Inventors: Gilbert L. De Cardenas, Kenneth N. Barker
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Patent number: 6810640Abstract: Methods of producing a laminated package with an opening which is sealed by a tear-off strip or a pouring element as well as a corresponding laminated package are described. To be able to produce a laminated package with such a closure inexpensively, the following steps are provided in the method punching out an opening in a packaging material, coating the packaging material at least in the area of the opening, creating a package sheathing from the coated packaging material, conveying the package sheathing to a filling machine or to an equipment unit from the filling machine, and attaching a tear-open strip to the opening in the package sheathing in the filling machine or in the equipment unit upstream from the filling machine.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 2002Date of Patent: November 2, 2004Assignee: SIG Combibloc GmbHInventors: Hans Bomer, Matthias Dammers
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Publication number: 20040206048Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for sealing containers which comprises a sealing head 16 for sealing a peripheral edge portion of a lid L to the inner surface of a downwardly tapered body wall B of the container C. The sealing head 16 is provided with a seal holding face 72 fittable to the inner surface of the container body wall B. The seal holding face 72 has an upper region 91 and a lower region 92. Recesses 93 are formed respectively in a plurality of portions of the lower region 92 along the circumference thereof for absorbing the slack produced in the peripheral edge portion of the lid L at the time of sealing. The apparatus obviates faulty seals in containers and gives an improved aesthetic appearance to the sealed portion.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 13, 2004Publication date: October 21, 2004Applicant: SHIKOKU KAKOKI CO., LTD.Inventors: Tetsuya IUCHI, Takao MIKI, Masao NOBUTA, Hirokazu TERADA
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Publication number: 20040200194Abstract: An sealing system includes a frame, a ferrite core disposed within the frame, and a litz wire coil disposed proximate to the ferrite core for producing an electromagnetic field within the ferrite core, where the ferrite core and litz wire coil are adapted to direct the electromagnetic field toward a foil to seal an opening of a container with the foil. The sealing head is air cooled within the induction sealing unit.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 30, 2004Publication date: October 14, 2004Applicant: KAPS-ALL PACKAGING SYSTEMS, INC.Inventors: Frederick W. Sarles, Douglas A. Johnson
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Patent number: 6732495Abstract: An sealing system includes a frame, a ferrite core disposed within the frame, and a litz wire coil disposed proximate to the ferrite core for producing an electromagnetic field within the ferrite core, where the ferrite core and litz wire coil are adapted to direct the electromagnetic field toward a foil to seal an opening of a container with the foil. The sealing head is air cooled within the induction sealing unit.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 2002Date of Patent: May 11, 2004Assignee: Kaps-All Packaging Systems Inc.Inventors: Frederick W. Sarles, Douglas A. Johnson
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Patent number: 6713735Abstract: An induction foil cap sealer includes a sealing head module and power supply module that can be separately mounted and replaced. Both modules are convection air-cooled without a requirement for forced air-cooling or water cooling.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 2001Date of Patent: March 30, 2004Assignee: Lepel Corp.Inventor: Robert J. Terano
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Publication number: 20040045257Abstract: A container centering device is provided including an entry plate having an opening and a container positioning means, wherein the container positioning means is capable of positioning a container in the entry plate opening. In addition, the container positioning means is capable of positioning a first container and at least a second container in the entry plate opening, wherein the first and second containers have different brim diameters.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 5, 2002Publication date: March 11, 2004Inventors: William J. Bakker, Scott I. Biba, Robert J. Aloisi, Douglas E. Seals, Christopher L. Jones
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Publication number: 20040035088Abstract: A container positioning device is provided including an lower plate having an opening and a container positioning means, wherein the container positioning means is capable of positioning a container in the lower plate opening. In addition, the container positioning means is capable of positioning a first container and at least a second container in the lower plate opening, wherein the first and second containers have different brim diameters.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 5, 2003Publication date: February 26, 2004Inventors: Herbert H. Loeffler, William J. Bakker, Scott I. Biba, Robert J. Aloisi, Douglas E. Seals, Christopher L. Jones
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Publication number: 20040020163Abstract: An automated container production line or automatically removing, orienting, filling, sealing and providing a label and applying a straw to the outside of the labeled container is provided which utilizes a novel orienting conveyor for receiving unoriented containers from a supply bin and orienting the containers for a plurality or novel short production lines having a positioning screw conveyor which intermittently starts and stops the advancement of the containers as groups of containers in which various groups of containers are simultaneously filled, sealed, inspected and then subsequently transported to a sleeving device for adding labels, a heat shrink tunnel for fastening the sleeve to the container and then to a novel straw applicator for subsequently attaching a straw to the outside of the container.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 6, 2003Publication date: February 5, 2004Inventors: Gilbert L. De Cardenas, Kenneth N. Barker
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Patent number: 6681546Abstract: A sealing apparatus includes a frame structure including a base and an actuator support extending upward from the base, a container support including a container receiver, and a heater platen suspended from the actuator support above the container support. The heater platen is shiftable between a load/unload position wherein a container can be loaded into and unloaded from within the container receiver and an associated lid can be positioned over the container, and a sealing position wherein the heater platen presses the container and the lid on the container support. The sealing apparatus also includes an actuator that includes a support structure pivotally attached to the frame and supporting the heater platen, and an L-shaped handle having a first end, second end and a pivot point located between the first end and the second end.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 2002Date of Patent: January 27, 2004Assignee: Oliver Products CompanyInventors: Perry R. DeYoung, Todd A. Sutton, Scott D. Sikkema
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Patent number: 6668524Abstract: A packaging system and a method of populating a transport belt with a tool for enclosing electronic components in a carrying belt, is described. For this purpose, the device has a heated punch with a structured punch face that has a plurality of mutually spaced punch face strips, which do not cover openings in the carrying belt. One of the punch face strips provided on an upper side of the carrying belt is not covered by the covering film.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 2002Date of Patent: December 30, 2003Assignee: Infineon Technologies AGInventor: Peter Roider
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Patent number: 6629399Abstract: An sealing system includes a frame, a ferrite core disposed within the frame, and a litz wire coil disposed proximate to the ferrite core for producing an electromagnetic field within the ferrite core, where the ferrite core and litz wire coil are adapted to direct the electromagnetic field toward a foil to seal an opening of a container with the foil. The sealing head is air cooled within the induction sealing unit.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 2001Date of Patent: October 7, 2003Assignee: Kaps-All Packaging Systems Inc.Inventors: Frederick W. Sarles, Douglas A. Johnson
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Patent number: 6571534Abstract: A sealing apparatus includes a frame structure including a base and an actuator support extending upward from the base, a container support including a container receiver, and a heater platen suspended from the actuator support above the container support. The heater platen is shiftable between a load/unload position wherein a container can be loaded into and unloaded from within the container receiver and an associated lid can be positioned over the container, and a sealing position wherein the heater platen presses the container and the lid on the container support. The sealing apparatus also includes an actuator that includes a support structure pivotally attached to the frame and supporting the heater platen, and an L-shaped handle having a first end, second end and a pivot point located between the first end and the second end.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 2000Date of Patent: June 3, 2003Assignee: Oliver Products CompanyInventors: Perry R. De Young, Todd A. Sutton, Scott D. Sikkema
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Publication number: 20030097824Abstract: Method and apparatus for applying seals made of thin material to the open tops of containers, e.g., specimen containers for holding biological fluid that are processed automatically. A measured length of sealing material is advanced across and pressed against the top of the container to effect a seal. Depending on the type of sealing material used, sealing may be accomplished by application of pressure alone, by application of heat and pressure, or by application of ultrasonic energy and pressure. Excess sealing material optionally may be folded against the container sides by means of a folding member adapted to surround a container when the sealing head is lowered. Motor-driven rollers advance the sealing material, while a platen on a movably mounted sealing head presses the sealing material into engagement with the container.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 21, 2002Publication date: May 29, 2003Applicant: MONOGEN, INC.Inventors: William J. Mayer, Lucien J. Wroblewski
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Patent number: 6564846Abstract: A composite laminar tape (1) for mass-sealing bottles (15) of similar containers consists, according to the invention, of at least one extensible laminar tape (16), made of an extensible plastomeric film, which is possibly provided with closed lines for a predetermined separation of areas being meant to act as sealing membranes. The invention also relates to an apparatus for mass-sealing containers with said tape, and to an apparatus for mass-unsealing the containers sealed with tape.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 1999Date of Patent: May 20, 2003Assignee: World Wide Sealing CorporationInventor: Leon Antoine Ribi
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Publication number: 20030089079Abstract: A method for induction sealing a plastic part to a composite container using a pair of linear coils electrically connected to low frequency generators. The linear coils produce overlapping electromagnetic fields on either side of the container. Rotating the container assures even heating of the polyethylene liner and plastic part. The method produces a reliable seal between the liner and plastic part and can be used at high production speeds.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 15, 2001Publication date: May 15, 2003Inventors: Keith R. Rea, Charles M. Braddock, Floyd Boatwright, J. Mark Morrow, James A. Lowry
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Patent number: 6550229Abstract: A device for sealing two plies of plastic film together generally includes an electrically conductive heating element and a rotatable support cylinder having an outer, circumferential surface, the cylinder being positioned in abutting relationship with the heating element and capable of rotating against the heating element, which is in fixed position, along a predetermined contact arc such that less than a complete circumference of the outer surface of the cylinder is in contact with the heating element.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 2001Date of Patent: April 22, 2003Assignee: Sealed Air Corporation (US)Inventors: Charles R. Sperry, Suzanne Scott
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Patent number: 6499271Abstract: A container and lid sealing apparatus comprising a frame structure including a sealing position, support beams, a shiftable container support which includes a container retainer and shiftable on drawer rails from a position for loading and unloading a container into and out of the retainer, to the sealing position for sealing a lid on the tray, an upper heater platen suspended above the tray support, and an actuator actuable to force the upper heater platen downwardly with force onto a container and lid on the support. The force is equally distributed on all portions of the platen to seal a lid onto a container. The actuator may be either a manual actuator or an air actuator. The actuator is multi-axially pivotally coupled to the platen to thereby allow the platen to rock and seek and obtain a parallel relation with the container flange and lid.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 2000Date of Patent: December 31, 2002Assignee: Oliver Products CompanyInventors: Mark S. Lastovich, Perry R. DeYoung
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Publication number: 20020184860Abstract: An sealing system includes a frame, a ferrite core disposed within the frame, and a litz wire coil disposed proximate to the ferrite core for producing an electromagnetic field within the ferrite core, where the ferrite core and litz wire coil are adapted to direct the electromagnetic field toward a foil to seal an opening of a container with the foil. The sealing head is air cooled within the induction sealing unit.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 13, 2002Publication date: December 12, 2002Applicant: KAPS-ALL PACKAGING SYSTEMS, INC.Inventors: Frederick W. Sarles, Douglas A, Johnson
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Publication number: 20020152724Abstract: An apparatus for vacuum sealing a container is disclosed that includes a vacuum chamber in communication with a vacuum source, the vacuum chamber having at least a first port and an internal pressure, a securing device adapted to secure an open end of the container to the first port of the vacuum chamber; and a heating member at least a portion of which is located inside the vacuum chamber, the heating member is adapted to apply heat to a heat-activated sealant material positioned to cover at least the open end of the container.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 19, 2001Publication date: October 24, 2002Inventors: Zbigniew R. Paul, Martin W. Sabin, Cullen M. Sabin
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Publication number: 20020116906Abstract: A packaging system and a method of populating a transport belt with a tool for enclosing electronic components in a carrying belt, is described. For this purpose, the device has a heated punch with a structured punch face that has a plurality of mutually spaced punch face strips, which do not cover openings in the carrying belt. One of the punch face strips provided on an upper side of the carrying belt is not covered by the covering film.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 6, 2002Publication date: August 29, 2002Inventor: Peter Roider
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Publication number: 20020095909Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for packaging contact lenses. The apparatus includes a plurality of discrete inspection lens carriers and a plurality of contact lens containers. The carriers are movable within the apparatus. A single one of the containers is mounted on a single one of the carriers. The apparatus, in another embodiment, includes a plurality of lens carriers, a plurality of lifts, a plurality of contact lens containers and either a plurality of platens or a plurality of mandrels. One of the containers is mounted on a respective one of the carriers. Each of the platens or each of the mandrels is individually supported by one of the lifts. The lifts apply pressure, within a predetermined range, to each of the containers. The apparatus, in another embodiment, includes a plurality of contact lens containers. A heated mandrel is disposed above the plurality of containers.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 22, 2002Publication date: July 25, 2002Inventors: Gregory Scott Duncan, Ravi S. Sanka, Gary S. Hall
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Publication number: 20020083686Abstract: An apparatus for sealing fluid containing vessels comprising a sheet of elastomer forming a sealing member having a top and bottom surface, and disposed on a plate containing a plurality of wells for storing fluids. A product that can seal the wells of a multiwell plate, and has the aspects of being vapor resistant, heat sealable, and able to be manipulated by automated analytical equipment. The sealing material is constituted of an elastomer made of synthetic rubber and a layer, comprising a polymer film or a foil attached to one side of the elastomer to form a vapor barrier. The combination of these elements produces a sealing mat that couples the barrier properties of the polymer film or foil with the sealing properties of the elastomer septum.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2001Publication date: July 4, 2002Inventors: Deborah C. Audino, Gregory R. Martin
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Patent number: 6412252Abstract: An induction sealing conveyor system includes an induction sealing unit coupled to an adjustment mechanism which adjustably positions the induction sealing unit with respect to a conveyor which moves a container to be sealed near a sealing head of the induction sealing unit. The sealing head includes ferrite cores and a litz wire coil formed on the ferrite cores which produces an electromagnetic field for hermetically sealing the container. The sealing head is entirely air cooled within the induction sealing unit.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 1997Date of Patent: July 2, 2002Assignee: Kaps-All Packaging Systems, Inc.Inventors: Frederick Williams Sarles, Douglas A. Johnson
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Patent number: 6402019Abstract: A method of fitting a closable opening device (2, 2′) to a sealed pourable food product package (1, 1′), the method including the steps of heat sealing a frame (15, 56) of the opening device (2, 2′) about a removable portion (10a, 70a) of the package (1, 1′), and heat sealing a cap (17, 58) of the opening device (2, 2′) directly to the removable portion (10a, 70a).Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 2000Date of Patent: June 11, 2002Assignee: Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A.Inventor: Cristiano Casale
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Publication number: 20010027633Abstract: According to the present invention, a case housing a product and a lid made of material that transmits a laser beam are fixed to each other with a bonding member interposed between them, and thereafter, a laser beam is focused onto the bonding member through the lid so that the bonding member is melted. By doing so, the case and the lid are welded together via the bonding member.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 9, 2001Publication date: October 11, 2001Applicant: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATIONInventors: Jun Amako, Kazushige Umetsu, Hideo Tanaya
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Patent number: 6260334Abstract: The present invention relates to a sealing tool for sealing a package trough with a covering film, which tool consists of a bottom part, side parts oriented transversely and side parts oriented parallel to the direction of package trough feed, wherein at least one side part oriented parallel to the direction of feed is fixed in its spatial position in relation to the machine frame whereas the other parts of the matrix can be displaced vertically downwards.Type: GrantFiled: October 11, 2000Date of Patent: July 17, 2001Assignee: Tiromat Krämer & Grebe GmbH & Co. KGInventors: Ulrich Thomas, Rolf Blöcher, Celestino Inverardi
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Patent number: 6247293Abstract: A packaging machine for forming pouches from a web of material having web tension control. A second pair of infeed rolls allows web tension through a sealing section to be controlled. An unwind reel is power-driven according to downstream web demand to thereby minimize tension spikes through the infeed section. The power unwind further minimizes the amount of festoon area needed. An entire packaging machine may be provided using modules. The registration-related operations of each section are independently controlled so that each module need only coordinate input and/or output speeds with interfacing sections.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 1998Date of Patent: June 19, 2001Assignee: Klockner Bartelt, Inc.Inventors: James E. Todd, Thomas E. Brooker, Gregory A. Conn
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Patent number: 6195967Abstract: A packaging machine capable of forming pouches from both continuously and intermittently advancing webs. The machine has a pair of drive rolls adapted to advance the web that are operable both continuously and intermittently. Web-engaging components of the machine are operable to engage the web and perform their associated functions as the web is in motion. The web-engaging components are further selectively operable to have an adjustable dwell period between operations, thereby allowing the machine to be switched between continuous and intermittent modes, and to adapt the machine to form pouches of various sizes. The formed pouches are transferred to a pouch filling section which is also operable to receive and advance individual pouches either continuously or intermittently.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 1998Date of Patent: March 6, 2001Assignee: Klockner Bartelt, Inc.Inventors: James E. Todd, Thomas E. Brooker, Gregory A. Conn
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Patent number: 6192660Abstract: An apparatus for supplying and applying cap bodies (51) to a packaging container includes a gas supplying device (11) which supplies a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture obtained by electrolyzing water, a burner unit (22) that is connected to the gas supplying device (11) for receiving hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture from the gas supplying device (11) and burning the hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture and a pickup apparatus (80) which transports a cap body (51) to a heating position above the burner unit (22). The burner unit (22) is provided with a plurality of nozzles (31) that are arranged in a pattern that corresponds in shape to the shape of the underside periphery of the cap body (51). A shield plate (57) is positionable above the nozzles (31) to deflect the hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture emitted from the nozzles (31), and an igniter (32) is disposed adjacent one of the nozzles (31), to ignite the mixture emitted from the nozzle (31).Type: GrantFiled: June 3, 1999Date of Patent: February 27, 2001Assignee: Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A.Inventors: Yasuyuki Moriyama, Elmar Mock, Michio Sugata, Shigeo Katsumata
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Patent number: 6176070Abstract: A can is closed with a membrane by heat-sealing, using a packaging apparatus with an inner, heat-sealing die and an outer sealing ring displaceably located around the heat-sealing die, wherein an outer surface of the heat-sealing die and an inner surface of the sealing ring are beveled slightly, preferably by approximately two degrees, in mating fashion.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1999Date of Patent: January 23, 2001Inventor: Werner Grabher