Abstract: The peptide production method of the present invention produces a peptide (SEQ ID NO: 1) of a protein from Plasmodium falciparum, which is effective as a malaria vaccine. The method produces the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 by linking the fragments (i) through (v) shown below: (v) Asn-Asn-Asp-Xaa (SEQ ID NO: 2); (iv) Asp-Phe-Lys-Thr-Pro (SEQ ID NO: 3); (iii) Asn-Lys-Thr-Tyr-Asp-Leu (SEQ ID NO: 4); (ii) Phe-Tyr-Asn-Ser-Glu (SEQ ID NO: 5); and (i) Xaa-Ala-Ser-Glu (SEQ ID NO: 6), where ‘Xaa’ in (i) and (v) represents zero or any arbitrary number of amino acid residues.

Abstract: The compounds of the invention are modified forms of therapeutic agents. A typical prodrug compound of the invention comprises a therapeutic agent, an oligopeptide having an isoleucine residue, a stabilizing group and, optionally, a linker group. The prodrug is cleavable by an enzyme associated with the target cell. Methods of making and using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Protein phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification and it plays a pivotal role in numerous cellular functions. We present a composition that includes a soluble nanopolymer core functionalized with groups having an affinity for either metal ion or metal oxides which can be used for phosphopeptide enrichment. Exemplary compounds including PolyMAC-Zr, PolyMAC-Fe and PolyMAC-Ti demonstrate outstanding reproducibility, exceptional sensitivity, fast chelation time, and high phosphopeptide recovery from standard mixtures that include phosphorylated peptides. The composition can be used for phosphoproteome isolation from samples of medicinal, diagnostic or biological interest such as malignant breast cancer cells. Such compositions were used for the quantitative analysis of the changes in the tyrosine phosphoproteome in highly invasive breast cancer cells after induction of Syk kinase, a potent suppressor of tumor growth and metastasis.

Abstract: A method of extracting proteins and peptides from nano pearl powder comprising the steps of preparing a solution containing uniformly dissolved nano pearl powder; rotating the solution to form a suspension; sifting the suspension; separating a first organic compound extract of pearl having a molecular weight more than a predetermined molecular weight and a second organic compound extract of pearl having a molecular weight less than the predetermined molecular weight from the sifted suspension respectively; and activating a first gel filter to obtain pearl proteins from the first organic compound extract of pearl, and activating a second gel filter to obtain pearl peptides from the second organic compound extract of pearl respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a molecular framework having a cyclic structure. More particularly, the present invention provides cyclic proteins and derivatives thereof in which particular turns and other elements of the molecular structure are held in defined orientations with respect to each other. The cyclic proteins of the present invention provide a molecular framework for the introduction of particular amino acids or heterologous amino acid sequences to facilitate the presentation of biological activities associated with these heterologous amino acid sequences. The molecular framework of the present invention may be naturally cyclic or may be a cyclized derivative of a linear molecular or may be a linear derivative of a cyclized molecule. The present invention contemplates the use of the molecular framework with or without particular amino acids inserted or substituted thereon for the treatment of or prophylaxis of disease conditions in animals, mammals (including humans) and plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating and/or purifying organic compounds susceptible to crystallization by means of crystallizing and dissolving comprising the following steps: a) depositing the composition in the head of a separation and/or crystallization column; b) crystallizing by means of a cooling gradient; c) pumping the solvent at optimal flow rate Fc; d) entraining the components while they are not crystallized to the end of the column; e) stopping the pumping of the solvent until reaching the lowest temperature of the interval established by the cooling gradient; f) heating the column; g) beginning new pumping by means of applying flow rate Fe; h) collecting the eluates; and i) detecting by means of detectors.

Abstract: The invention disclose a method for purifying microbial protease, comprising:(i) providing an aqueous liquid sample containing a microbial protease, and a separation medium comprising a base matrix and a plurality of attached ligands that are capable of binding to microbial protease;(ii) contacting separation medium with the sample under conditions permitting binding of microbial protease to the separation medium; and (iii) desorbing microbial protease from the separation medium, wherein the base matrix is hydrophilic and the plurality of ligands are hydrocarbon groups in which all carbon atoms are sp3-hybridised.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying nucleic acids by negative chromatography is disclosed, which comprises a hollow body with an opening, respectively, at the top and at the bottom end, said hollow body containing a stationary solid phase, characterized in that the stationary phase contains at least 2 different chromatography resins, such as size e.g. exclusion gel filtration materials (SEC materials), as well as a method for purifying nucleic acids and the use of the apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting the rapid pyrolysis of peptides, proteins, polymers, and biological materials. The method can be carried out at atmospheric pressures and takes only about 5 to 30 seconds. The samples are cleaved at the C-terminus of aspartic acid. The apparatus employs a probe on which the sample is heated and digested components analyzed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of glycoalkaloids, in particular from process streams such as those encountered during isolation of proteins from potatoes.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for preparing insulin or an insulin derivative with correctly linked cysteine bridges from a precursor of said insulin or insulin derivative, wherein said precursor is subjected to a folding process in the presence of cysteine or cysteine hydrochloride and a chaotropic auxiliary compound. The insulin or insulin derivative with correctly linked cysteine bridges is obtained by enzymic cleavage by means of trypsin or a trypsin-like enzyme and, where appropriate, additionally by means of carboxypeptidase B and subsequent purification on an adsorber resin, which process is carried out at varied pH and temperature ranges.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for purifying a protein, includes the step of: contacting a fusion protein of a first protein and a second protein with a bivalent cation-containing solution, the fusion protein being adsorbed to a silicon oxide-containing substance, the first protein being capable of binding to the silicon oxide-containing substance in a solution containing 0.1M sodium chloride. With this arrangement, it is possible to easily produce large quantity of proteins which are high in purity without sacrificing activity of the proteins.

Abstract: A carrier for use for separation purpose and a method for separation of a compound enable a chemical reaction to be performed in a liquid phase, a compound of interest to be separated from the liquid phase after the completion of the reaction readily, the separated compound to be evaluated by structural analysis or the like while the compound is being bound to the carrier, and the compound to be separated from the carrier readily. A carrier for separation is also provided which has a reaction site capable of reacting with other compound(s) on a benzene ring, and a long-chain group having a specified carbon atom(s) at each of the ortho-position and the para-position of the reaction site through an oxygen atom.

Abstract: According to the present invention, phosphorylated peptides and/or phosphorylated proteins are specifically separated. A sample containing a phosphorylated peptide and/or a phosphorylated protein is supplied to a separation unit filled with a metal oxide in the presence of an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid. Upon separation of a phosphorylated peptide and/or a phosphorylated peptide with the use of a separation unit filled with a metal oxide, adsorption of carboxylic acid to an acidic peptide can be prevented in the presence of aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid. In addition, aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid does not inhibit adsorption of a phosphorylated peptide and a phosphoric acid group in the phosphorylated peptide to a metal oxide.

Abstract: An improved process for separating and isolating individual polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) on the basis of degree of polymerization. A liquid sample containing polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) is introduced into a liquid chromatography (LC) column packed with a polar bonded stationary chromatographic phase. The individual polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) are separated via a binary mobile phase elution. One or more individual fractions containing the monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) are eluted. The polar protic monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s) may be proanthocyanidins, hydrolyzable tannins, oligosaccharides, oligonucleotides, peptides, acrylamides, polysorbates, polyketides, poloxarners, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene alcohols or polyvinyl alcohols. The binary mobile phase comprises an A phase consisting essentially of a polar aprotic solvent and a B phase consisting essentially of a polar protic solvent. A process for separating and isolating xanthine(s) (e.g.

Abstract: Novel exendins with modifications at one or more of following positions: 2, 14, 27 or 28 and polyethylene glycol derivatives thereof are provided. These compounds are useful in treating type 2 diabetes as GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Abstract: The invention relates to glucagon-related peptides and their use for the prevention or treatment of disorders involving the large intestine. In particular, it has now been demonstrated that GLP-2 and peptidic agonists of GLP-2 can cause proliferation of the tissue of large intestine. Thus, the invention provides methods of proliferating the large intestine in a subject in need thereof. Further, the methods of the invention are useful to treat or prevent inflammatory conditions of the large intestine, including inflammatory bowel diseases.

Abstract: A process for extracting an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution from a plant biomass after an Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX) process step, is described. The proteins can be separated before or after a hydrolysis of sugar precursors (carbohydrates) from the biomass to produce sugars for fermentation to produce ethanol. The proteins are useful as animal feeds because of their amino acid food values.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of a salt in acetonitrile, characterised in that the acid component of the salt is an organic acid which boils at less than 300° C. under normal pressure, the base component of the salt is a base which boils at less than 300° C. under normal pressure, an organic acid which boils at less than 300° C. under normal pressure is added in the quantity of up to 1 vol. %, in relation to the volume of acetonitrile, and the water content, that can be determined by Karl Fischer titration, is below 5%.

Abstract: A method of binding a target molecule from an analyte containing the target molecule in admixture with at least one non-target molecule, which method comprises exposing the analyte to a substrate comprising first and second surface binding components, wherein the first surface binding component has specific binding affinity with respect to the target molecule but is independently unable to provide effective binding of the target molecule to the substrate, wherein the second surface binding component has non-specific binding affinity with respect to the target molecule and is independently unable to provide effective specific binding of the target molecule to the substrate, and wherein the target molecule is immobilized on the substrate by the combined binding effect of the first and second surface binding components.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a method for purifying an oligopeptide, which comprises a step of contacting a solution comprising the oligopeptide and a neutral amino acid with an ion exchange resin in an effective pH range; the method for purifying an oligopeptide, which comprises (a) a step of passing a solution comprising the oligopeptide and the neutral amino acid through a column packed with an ion exchange resin, and (b) a step of eluting the oligopeptide contacted with the ion exchange resin with an eluting solvent; the above method using a weakly acidic cation exchange resin; the above method using a weakly basic anion exchange resin, etc.

Abstract: A polypeptide dimer is provided wherein both protomers have a sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1 and at least one phosphocholine derivative is attached to the polypeptide. The polypeptide shows a specific binding for C-reactive protein (CRP). The utilization of the polypeptide in assays for determining the concentration of CRP is described. The purification of CRP, and compositions comprising the CRP also are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fusion protein comprising IGF-I or an IGF-I variant N-terminally linked to the C-terminus of a propeptide. The invention relates also to a method involving the use of the aforementioned fusion protein in the production of a lysine-PEGylated IGF-I or IGF-I variant. The method comprises the steps of cultivating a prokaryotic host cell comprising an expression vector containing a nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein and causing the cell to express the fusion protein, recovering and PEGylating said fusion protein, cleaving said PEGylated fusion protein with IgA protease, and recovering lysine-PEGylated IGF-I or IGF-I variant. The invention relates also to a lysine-PEGylated IGF-I or IGF-I variant produced using the above method. In addition, the invention relates to a method for treating a neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's Disease using the lysine-PEGylated IGF-I or IGF-I variant and a composition comprising the lysine-PEGylated IGF-I or IGF-I variant.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of isolating a biological macromolecule in a composition. Specifically, the present invention is related to a method of isolating a biomacromolecule in a composition containing an impurity, the method comprising adding a polyalkylene glycol to the composition, adding a transition metal to the composition, and separating said biomacromolecule from said impurity.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for separating or purifying biopolymer conjugated molecules from unconjugated molecules. In particular, methods are described for purifying a PEGylated protein or oligonucleotide from an unPEGylated protein or oligonucleotide, respectively. The methods are quick and efficient separation methods because they do not require gradient chromatography, fractionation of an eluent or analysis of the eluted fractions. Further, the methods increase yield and purity of the biopolymer conjugated molecule.

Abstract: A simple and efficient SUMO fusion protein expression system for producing native proteins.

Abstract: A composition of matter wherein the composition comprises a siliceous substrate having silanols on the surface and a polymer selected from the group consisting essentially of a water soluble polymer, a water soluble copolymer, an alcohol soluble polymer, an alcohol soluble copolymer, and combinations of such polymers, wherein the polymer is chemically bonded to the siliceous substrate by a silane linking material having the general formula O3/2SiQY that is derived from an alkoxy-functional silane having the general formula (RO)3SiQX and processes for preparing the crosslinked polymer that is chemically bonded to the surface of the siliceous substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides, inter alia, methods for synthesizing a molecule on the channel surface of a capillary, comprising the steps of: (i) covalently attaching a first chemical entity to the channel surface of a capillary; and (ii) covalently attaching a second chemical entity to the first chemical entity, wherein the covalent attachment steps are part of a process for synthesizing a molecule on the channel surface.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to compounds for preparing fluorocarbon compounds, methods for preparing fluorocarbon compounds, and methods for purifying a mixture of compounds. One aspect of the present invention relates to a trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon. The trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon compound of the invention is useful for attaching a fluorocarbon group to a compound that has a nucleophilic functional group. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a fluorocarbon by treating a compound bearing a nucleophilic functional group with a trivalent iodonium fluorocarbon compound.

Abstract: There are provided a soluble CD14 antigen which is a novel in vivo protein useful as a marker for diagnosing sepsis and has the following characteristic features 1) to 3): 1) a molecular weight of 13±2 kDa when measured by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions; 2) an amino acid sequence in which the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is present on its N terminal; and 3) ability to specifically bind to an antibody prepared by using a peptide comprising 16 amino acid residues described in SEQ ID NO:2 for the antigen; and a recombinant soluble CD14 fragment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the extraction and isolation of insulins from recombinant sources, particularly those expressed in and secreted by yeasts. Organic solvents have been used to extract host surface bound forms of insulin polypeptide. In addition, procedures for combining the steps medium clarification, solvent extraction and chromatography, in order to effect the simultaneous isolation and purification of soluble and membrane bound forms of insulin, is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds and methods for site-specifically labeling proteins with cyanobenzothiazole derivatives of formula I. For example, the invention provides methods for labeling the N-terminus of a protein that terminates with a cysteine residue. The invention also provides methods for isolating an N-terminally labeled protein and methods for detecting an N-terminally labeled protein.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising isolated peptides having a leucine content of from about 12 to about 40 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method for isolating leucine-rich peptides from protein sources such as bovine whey and methods of use for these peptides to provide beneficial effects in a human and/or animal such as increasing blood flow, decreasing blood pressure, increasing muscle mass, improving cognitive function, improving cardiovascular function, etc.

Abstract: Depsipeptides and congeners thereof are disclosed having structure (I), wherein m, n, p, q, X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein. These compounds, including FR901228, have activity as, for example, immunosuppressants, as well as for the prevention or treatment of patients suffering or at risk of suffering from inflammatory, autoimmune or immune system-related diseases including graft-versus-host disease and enhancement of graft/tissue survival following transplant. Also provided are methods for inhibiting lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and/or suppression of IL-2 secretion.

Abstract: A solution-phase digestion process is described. Intact proteins are digested to obtain parent peptides, which are separated and subsequently mass analyzed. Individual parent peptides are digested to obtain daughter peptides, which are also subsequently mass analyzed. Accurate mass data obtained from mass analysis of both parent and daughter peptides are correlated with separations data obtained during separation of the parent peptides to provide peptide identification. The process is expected to provide unique peptides by which to identify intact proteins in a sample without need for MS/MS gas-phase fragmentation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to preferred repeat sequences of Neural Thread Protein (NTP), peptides, mimetics, antibodies, and nucleic acids of the preferred sequences, and diagnostic and therapeutic methods of using such preferred NTP sequences.

Abstract: Methods of isolating membrane vesicles from a biological fluid sample are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise providing a biological fluid sample comprising membrane vesicles; filtering the biological fluid sample through a filtration module comprising a filter having an average pore diameter of between about 0.01 um and about 0.15 um; and collecting from the filtration module a retentate comprising the membrane vesicles, thereby isolating the membrane vesicles from the biological fluid sample.

Abstract: A process and a kit are provided for detecting differences in two or more samples of protein, including proteins bearing post-translational modifications and peptides. Proteins are prepared, for example, from each of a different group of cell samples or body fluid samples to be compared. Each protein extract is labeled with a different one of a luminescent dye from a matched set of dyes. The matched dyes have generally the same ionic and pH characteristics but emit light at different wavelengths to exhibit a different color upon luminescence detection. The labeled protein extracts are mixed together and separated together by electrophoresis or a chromatographic method. The separation is observed to detect proteins unique to one sample or present in a greater ratio in one sample than in the other. Those unique or excess proteins will fluoresce the color of one of the dyes used. Proteins common to each sample migrate together and fluoresce the same.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using scorpion venom peptide that is a ligand for ClC channels are provided. One aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition containing an amount of GaTx2 effective to inhibit ClC activity. Methods of treating a disorder or symptom of a disorder related to aberrant ClC channel activity are also provided.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a stable novel sugar-immobilized metal nanoparticle capable of easily immobilizing a sugar chain, a method for measuring sugar-protein interaction easily and at a low cost using the same without labeling, and a method for simply recovering a protein from a sugar-protein interactant. A maltose-immobilized gold nanoparticle was obtained by binding a ligand complex, in which maltose and a linker compound had been bound to each other, to a gold nanoparticle. By adding this maltose-immobilized gold nanoparticle to a dilution series of concanavalin A, a sugar-protein interactant of maltose and ConA was formed, and red-purple color derived from a colloidal solution of maltose-immobilized gold nanoparticle disappeared. That is, sugar-protein interaction could be confirmed by visual observation without labeling.

Abstract: The invention relates, at least in part, to an affinity matrix library and the construction and use thereof. The library may be used, for example, for the enrichment of low-abundance proteins and depletion of abundant proteins in the search for biologically important proteins. The present invention also relates to a synthetic affinity matrix library comprising one or more ligand compounds with groups selected from amino, sulfhydryl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and/or active hydrogen. The ligand compound may be attached to a base matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cardiodilatin fragments, to highly purified cardiodilatin fragments, and to appropriate intermediates for the preparation of said fragments. Furthermore, the invention relates to highly purified cardiodilatin fragments which are free of peptide impurities and exhibit a single migration peak in capillary electrophoresis, as well as to appropriate processes for the preparation of same.

Abstract: This invention provides a functional peptide fiber which comprises a plurality of peptide structure units each containing at least one peptide chain, wherein peptide chains contained in each adjacent peptide structure units do not form peptide bond but are structured into a fibrous form by taking a ?-sheet structure, and wherein at least one of the plurality of peptide structure units contains a peptide chain having a functional material connected thereto. Also disclosed are a method for producing the functional peptide fiber and a method for recovering peptide chains from the functional peptide fiber.

Abstract: We describe fusion proteins comprising a bacterial immunity polypeptide and their use in affinity purification of protein complexes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the purification of peptides from colostrum. The method involves the addition of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol to the mixture in order to form an alcohol phase rich in the peptides, and a precipitate. The peptide-rich alcohol phase is subsequently recovered and subjected to further fractionation. The invention is particularly useful in the purification of colostrinin from colostrum.

Abstract: A canola protein isolate having a protein content of at least about 90 wt % (N×6.25), preferably at least about 100 wt %, and consisting predominantly of the 2S protein and substantially free from the 7S and 12S proteins is prepared. In one aspect, canola oil seed meal is extracted with aqueous protein solution at an elevated temperature to preferentially extract 2S protein from the meal to produce a canola protein solution containing predominantly 2S protein. The 2S canola protein is recovered as an isolate. In another aspect, canola oil seed meal is initially extracted with water to preferentially extract 7S and 12S canola proteins followed by extraction of the canola oil seed meal with aqueous saline solution to extract 2S protein from the meal. 2S canola protein isolate is recovered from the saline extract. In another aspect, the canola oil seed meal is extracted with aqueous saline solution to extract 2S, 7S and 12S proteins from the meal.

Abstract: The invention relates to SAEP II peptide dimers that mimic polymyxin B i.a. in its ability to bind non-covalently the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria with high affinity, and therefore to detoxify LPS as polymyxin B does. The dimeric structure is maintained by a pair of disulphide bonds involving the two cystein residues present in the peptide sequence, which does not exceed 17 amino acids and essentially comprises cationic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. In the dimers of the invention, peptides may have a parallel or anti-parallel orientation. As a matter of example, a dimer of the invention is constituted by a peptide of formula NH2-Lys-Thr-Lys-Cys1-Lys-Phe-Leu-Leu-Leu-Cys2-COOH, either in a parallel or antiparallel dimeric form. SAEP II dimers are useful for treating or preventing septic shock and related disorders generated by Gram-negative bacteria infection. The invention also relates to LPS-peptide complexes in which LPS and SAEP II dimers are non-covalently bound together.

Abstract: Multi-layered macromolecules wherein the layers are covalently bonded together and wherein the macromolecules are covalently bonded to solid particulate substrates, methods for the preparation of such compositions, and methods for their uses in a multitude of end use applications ranging from the purification of waste chemical and metal process streams to the separation and identification of proteins, peptides, and oligionucleotides.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for use of apatite chromatography, particularly without reliance upon phosphate gradients, for purification or separation of at least one intact non-aggregated antibody, or at least one immunoreactive antibody fragment, from an impure preparation. Integration of such methods into multi-step procedures with other fractionation methods are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process for preparing romidepsin. The process involves producing, purifying, or storing romidepsin under conditions that prevent the formation of undesired adducts. Purifying romidepsin at an apparent pH lower than approximately 6.0 (e.g., between an apparent pH of 4.0 and 6.0) has been discovered to prevent the reduction of the disulfide bond of romidepsin and the subsequent formation of dimerized, oligomerized, or polymerized adducts. The invention also provides compositions of monomeric romidepsin free of dimerized, oligomerized, or polymerized adducts.