Abstract: A method of separating compounds that includes the steps of: tagging at least a first organic compound with a first tagging moiety to result in a first tagged compound; tagging at least a second organic compound with a second tagging moiety different from the first tagging moiety to result in a second tagged compound; and separating the first tagged compound from a mixture including the second tagged compound using a separation technique based upon differences between the first tagging moiety and the second tagging moiety. The present invention also provides a method for carrying out a chemical reaction including the steps of: tagging a plurality of compounds with different tagging moieties to create tagged compounds, conducting at least one chemical reaction on a mixture of the tagged compounds to produce a mixture of tagged products, and separating the mixture of tagged products by a separation technique based upon differences in the tagging moieties.

Abstract: Novel bioactive peptide compositions and process for producing the same and the use of such compositions for enhancing the growth of warm blooded animals and fish is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing separation and analysis of biological molecules, particularly proteins, and for characterizing tissue, cell, and subcellular (e.g., organelle) expressed protein profiles (proteomes or protein fingerprints) are disclosed. Multi-dimensional diagrams that illustrate the characteristics of the proteins in a sample, based at least in part on interactions between proteins in the system can be produced. In certain embodiments, the diagrams are three-dimensional and incorporate information on protein-protein interactions, protein charge, and protein size for substantially all of the protein species in the sample. Also described are methods of using the provided multi-dimensional diagrams to detect changes in biological systems that are for instance due to disease, drug treatment, environmental condition, and so forth. Methods are provided for correlating changes in three-dimensional proteomic diagrams to disease diagnosis and prognosis, toxicology, therapeutic compound (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention concerns therapeutic agents that mimic the activity of Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide. In accordance with the present invention, the compounds of the invention comprise: a. a Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide or Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide-mimetic domain, preferably the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or sequences derived therefrom by phage display, RNA-peptide screening, or the other techniques mentioned above; and b. a vehicle, such as a polymer (e.g., PEG or dextran) or an Fc domain, which is preferred; wherein the vehicle, preferably an Fc domain, is covalently attached to the Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide or Apo-AL amphipathic helix peptide-mimetic domain. The vehicle and the Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide or Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide-mimetic domain may be linked through the N- or C-terminus of the Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide or Apo-AI amphipathic helix peptide-mimetic domain, as described further below.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for isolating and purifying proteins and peptides of interest from a plant host, which is applicable on a larger scale. Moreover, the present invention provides a more efficient method for isolating proteins and peptides of interest than those methods described in the prior art. In general, the present method of isolating proteins and peptides of interest comprises the steps of homogenizing a plant to produce a green juice, adjusting the pH of and heating the green juice, separating the target protein/peptide from other components of the green juice by one or more cycles of centrifugation and/or resuspension, and finally purifying proteins and peptides by such procedures as chromatography and/or salt precipitation.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to dipeptides and tripeptides and to methods for pharmaceutical treatment of mammals using analogs of such dipeptides and tripeptides. More specifically, the invention relates to tripeptides and their analogs, to pharmaceutical compositions containing such dipeptides and tripeptides and to methods of treatment of mammals using such dipeptides and tripeptides. In addition, the invention relates to methods of treatment of mammals using such dipeptides and tripeptides for control of appetite, blood pressure, cardiovascular response, libido, and circadian rhythm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapid and inexpensive method for extractively isolating acidic lipopeptide antibiotics, such as those having a cyclic peptide or cyclic depsipeptide core, in high yield and purity. In particular, there is provided a method of extracting a variety of acidic lipopeptide antibiotics, directly or indirectly, into water immiscible organic solvents by using a divalent cation chelation procedure.

Abstract: The compounds of the invention are generally described by the formula: X1X2B3X4B5X*6X7X8 B9X10B11X12B13X14 B15X16B17X*18X*19B20 X21X22X23Q24F25Z*26X27 X28B29X30B31B32X33X34 B35B36X37Z38Z39  (1) and the salts, esters, amides, and acyl forms thereof. Up to 15 amino acids may be truncated from the N-terminus and up to 6 amino acids may be truncated from the C-terminus. Each position represented by a letter indicates a single amino acid residue wherein B is a basic or polar/large amino acid or a modified form thereof; X is a small or hydrophobic amino acid or a modified form thereof; X* is a small or polar/large amino acid or a modified form thereof; Z is a polar/large or hydrophobic amino acid or a modified form thereof; Z* is Proline or a polar/large or hydrophobic amino acid or a modified form thereof. These compounds may be used to inhibit the protease activity of Botulinum B and tetanus toxins.

Abstract: The invention discloses highly purified daptomycin and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising this compound. The invention discloses a method of purifying daptomycin comprising the sequential steps of anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and anion exchange chromatography. The invention also discloses a method of purifying daptomycin by modified buffer enhanced anion exchange chromatography. The invention also discloses an improved method for producing daptomycin by fermentation of Streptomyces roseosporus. The invention also discloses high pressure liquid chromatography methods for analysis of daptomycin purity. The invention also discloses lipopeptide micelles and methods of making the micelles. The invention also discloses methods of using lipopeptide micelles for purifying lipopeptide antibiotics, such as daptomycin. The invention also discloses using lipopeptide micelles therapeutically.

Abstract: Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, mevastatin, atorvastatin, and derivatives and analogs thereof are known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and are used as and antihypercholesterolemic agents. The majority of them are produced by fermentation using microorganisms of different species identified as species belonging to Aspergilus, Monascus, Nocardia, Amycolatopsis, Mucor or Penicilium genus, some are obtained by treating the fermentation products using the method of chemical synthesis or they are the products of total chemical synthesis. The purity of the active ingredient is an important factor for manufacturing the safe and effective pharmaceutical, especially if the pharmaceutical product must be taken on a longer term basis in the treatment or prevention of high plasma cholesterol. The accumulation of the impurities from the pharmaceuticals of lower purity may cause many side effects during the medical treatment.

Abstract: A bacteriocin is obtained by culturing cells of a strain of Micrococcus varians which, upon culturing in a culture medium, produces a bacteriocin which has agar well incubation inhibition test activity against at least one of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria, Bacillus, Clostridia and Straphylococcus bacteria. The strain is cultured to obtain cultured cells in a concentration of from 107 to 1011 organisms per ml of the medium, and the culture medium supernatant is separated from the cultured cells to obtain the supernatant which contains the bacteriocin, which is also identified by having an amino acid sequence from SEQ ID NO: 1 or a sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by from 1 to 4 amino acids.

Abstract: The invention concerns any lipopeptide characterized in that it comprises: a peptide part comprising the peptide sequence consisting of about 30 to about 50 of the last contiguous amino acids of the interferon-&ggr; (IFN-&ggr;) C-terminal end of mammals, whereof, if required, the last 3 to 20 amino acids have been suppressed; and one or several lipophilic parts comprising C4-C20 chain of carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, or a steroid group. The invention also concerns any lipopeptide such as defined above containing one or several CD8, and/or CD4, and/or B epitopes. The invention further concerns medicines or vaccines containing any polypeptide such as defined above.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel compound which has a cytotoxic activity and TGF-&bgr; like activity for human cancer cells and is useful as an antitumor agent and to a pharmaceutical composition which contains the same.

Abstract: The invention makes available a peptide having a radioprotective effect that comprises a modified form and/or an optionally modified fragment of the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI).

Abstract: Transgenic chloroplast technology could provide a viable solution to the production of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), Human Serum Albumin (HSA), or interferons (IFN) because of hyper-expression capabilities, ability to fold and process eukaryotic proteins with disulfide bridges (thereby eliminating the need for expensive post-purification processing). Tobacco is an ideal choice because of its large biomass, ease of scale-up (million seeds per plant), genetic manipulation and impending need to explore alternate uses for this hazardous crop. Therefore, all three human proteins will be expressed as follows: a) Develop recombinant DNA vectors for enhanced expression via tobacco chloroplast genomes b) generate transgenic plants c) characterize transgenic expression of proteins or fusion proteins using molecular and biochemical methods d) large scale purification of therapeutic proteins from transgenic tobacco and comparison of current purification/processing methods in E.

Abstract: A new approach in the field of plant gums is described which presents a new solution to the production of hydroxyproline(Hyp)-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), repetitive proline-rich proteins (RPRPs) and arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). The expression of synthetic genes designed from repetitive peptide sequences of such glycoproteins, including the peptide sequences of gum arabic glycoprotein (GAGP), is taught in host cells, including plant host cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method capable of simultaneous processing of plural test samples for the receptor binding property of a chemical substance, which does not require immobilization of the receptor or a special device, and a reagent to be used for this method. That is a method for assaying the receptor binding property of an assay target substance is provided, the method comprising the steps of (a) competitively reacting a known concentration of a ligand and the assay target substance with a known concentration of the receptor in a solution, (b) measuring, without physically removing the ligand bound with the receptor prior to the assay, the amount of a free ligand in the solution using one or more antibodies against the ligand, and (c) determining the receptor binding property of the assay target substance using the amount of the free ligand as an index.

Abstract: A peptide with an amino acid composition such that the peptide is amphipathic, cationic and forms a stable &agr;-helix and has the following structure comprising at least 12 amino acids R1-R2-A1-B1-(A2-B2-C1-A3)m-(C2)n-R3, wherein A=an amino acid selected from the basic amino acids Lys,Arg or His B=an amino acid selected from the aromatic amino acids Phe, Trp or Tyr C=an amino acid selected from the group comprising the hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile, Val or Ala, and said peptide has either the orientation according to the formula or the retro orientation thereof, wherein at least 0-m of the repetitive sequence motifs (A2-B2-C1-A3) have the retro orientation and the remaining repetitive motifs (A2-B2-C1-A3) have the orientation as presented in the formula and wherein, R1-R2- and R3 are a number of amino acids, and wherein m=1-10, preferably 2-8, more preferably 2-5 and n=1-3, a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a peptide application thereof in treatment or

Abstract: Methods for treating fibromyalgia may include administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Clostridial toxin to a peripheral location on the body of a patient. This peripheral location is other than the site on the body where the pain emanates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors and down-regulators, to a process for the preparation of these inhibitors, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these inhibitors/down-regulators, to the use of the novel MMP inhibitors for the manufacture of pharmaceutical and research preparations, to a method for inhibiting and down-regulating MMP-dependent conditions either in vivo or in vitro, to a method for inhibiting formation, synthesis, expression activations, and/or functions as well as actions of matrix metalloproteinases, and to the use of the novel MMP inhibitors and down-regulators in biochemical isolation and purification procedures of matrix metalloproteinases.

Abstract: A peptide has any one of the sequences SEQ ID NO.1 to SEQ ID NO.8, or has a sequence derived from any one of the sequences SEQ ID NO.1 to SEQ ID NO.8 by substitution, deletion or addition of one or several amino acids therein and having an osteogenetic activity.

Abstract: A method for extracting proteins from the intercellular space of plants is provided. The method is applicable to the large scale isolation of many active proteins of interest synthesized by plant cells. The method may be used commercially to recover recombinantly produced proteins from plant hosts thereby making the large scale use of plants as sources for recombinant protein production feasible.

Abstract: The present invention provides monoclonal antibodies which interfere with the interactions between FDCs and B cells, thereby suppressing the proliferation and/or differentiation of B cells in lymphoid follicles. The monoclonal antibodies of the present invention are useful for treating follicular lymphomas, multiple myeloma as well as autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to peptide molecules and to derivatives, homologues, analogues and mimetics thereof capable of inducing or facilitating analgesia or partial analgesia alone or in combination with other analgesic molecules. The present invention also contemplates a method of inducing or facilitating analgesia or partial analgesia by the administration of a peptide or a derivative, homologue, analogue or mimetic thereof. The amino acid sequence of the peptide molecules of the present invention are derived from or based on amino acid sequences of snake venom toxins, and, in particular, &agr;-neurotoxins.

Abstract: The use of cognate heat shock protein 70-peptide complex to elicit an immune response against cancer and viral, bacterial and other infectious agents.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for purifying a natural product using a two-phase, multi-solvent system followed by vacuum concentration and back extraction. The method allows for the removal of impurities by controlling the polarity balance of a two-phase system by manipulating the proportions of the four solvents and subsequently the relative distribution of the product versus the impurities.

Abstract: A method and tools for the biochemical processing of protein samples towards their analysis and identification by, for example, mass spectrometry (MS). The method involves the reversible (non-covalent) immobilization, purification and concentration of proteins onto a solid surface and subsequent solid-phase enzyme-catalyzed proteolysis of the proteins. The constituent peptides are recovered in near-quantitative yields in a format ideally suited for identification by routine MS technologies. The process is easily adapted such that additional chemical and/or enzymatic transformation(s) of the immobilized proteins or peptides can be performed to facilitate the acquisition of and increase the information content obtained from the MS analysis.

Abstract: A new class of synthetic glycosulfopeptides (GSPs) which have one or more sulfated tyrosine residues and a glycan linked to the peptide, the glycan preferably including a sialyl Lewisx group or a sialyl Lewisa group. In a preferred version the GSPs have an O-glycan comprising a &bgr;1,6 linkage to a GalNAc. The present invention further contemplates in vitro methods of the synthesis of these GSPs without the use of the cells and methods of their use in vivo as powerful anti-inflammatory antithrombotic, or anti-metastatic compounds. The invention also contemplates a method of synthesizing oligosaccharides by cleaving the glycan from the GSP.

Abstract: A method is described for forming a crystalline Echinocandin nucleus salt from its mixed broth and/or partially purified process streams by the steps of nanofiltration to form a concentrate, addition of an aldehyde derivatizing agent which interacts with an aldehyde impurity, addition of an acid/metal salt to form a solubilized echinocandin nucleus salt having the desired anion, and subsequent cooling of the mixture to crystallize the salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to glucagon-related peptides and their use for the prevention or treatment of disorders involving the large intestine. In particular, it has now been demonstrated that GLP-2 and peptidic agonists of GLP-2 can cause proliferation of the tissue of large intestine. Thus, the invention provides methods of proliferating the large intestine in a subject in need thereof. Further, the methods of the invention are useful to treat or prevent inflammatory conditions of the large intestine, including inflammatory bowel diseases.

Abstract: A new class of synthetic glycosulfopeptides (GSPs) which have one or more sulfated tyrosine residues and a glycan linked to the peptide, the glycan preferably including a sialyl Lewisx group or a sialyl Lewisa group. In a preferred version the GSPs have an O-glycan comprising a &bgr;1,6 linkage to a GalNAc. The present invention further contemplates in vitro methods of the synthesis of these GSPs without the use of the cells and methods of their use in vivo as powerful anti-inflammatory antithrombotic, or anti-metastatic compounds. The invention also contemplates a method of synthesizing oligosaccharides by cleaving the glycan from the GSP.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing seeding microcrystals for the production of human insulin, the microcrystals being free of non-human pancreatic insulin, the method comprising providing an unseeded suspension of human insulin, the suspension being free of non-human pancreatic insulin, and homogenizing the insulin suspension under pressure to result in human insulin microcrystals suitable for use as seeding microcrystals for the production of zinc insulin products. The method of homogenization under pressure may also be used for the production of seeding mnicrocrystals for other peptides and proteins, in particular pharmaceutical peptides or proteins such as insulin, GLP-1, glucagon and growth hormones.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for preparing an activated carboxylic acid in the form of a pentafluorophenyl ester, an improved method for making a carboxamide from a pentaflourophenyl ester, and a carboxamide and carboxamide library prepared using both of these methods.

Abstract: A substantially pure polypeptide having at least one antigenic determinant that is substantially identical to an antigenic determinant of a protein from a cell line infected with simian T-lymphotrophic virus-III or human T-lymphotrophic virus-IV (HTLV-IV), also known as HIV-2, the protein being selected from: a) a glycoprotein having a molecular weight (m.w.) of about, 160,000 daltons; a glycoprotein having a m.w. of about 120,000 daltons; a gag protein having a m.w. of about 55,000 daltons; a gag protein having a m.w. of about 24,000 daltons; and a glycoprotein having a m.w. of about 32,000 daltons. Also disclosed are various methods of immunoassay using that peptide or antibodies raised to it. Finally, immunoassays for simian specimens are disclosed using peptides that are immunologically cross-reactive with the above-described peptide, or antibodies thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptides that are more potent than or equally potent as the conventional antimicrobial peptides and has strong antimicrobial activities at high salt concentration.

Abstract: Described are various human growth hormone releasing factor-PEG conjugates as well as their pharmaceutical use.

Abstract: A method of dewatering fine particulate materials is disclosed. In this method, an aqueous slurry of fine particles is treated with appropriate hydrophobizing reagents so that the particulate material becomes moderately hydrophobic. A lipid of vegetable or animal origin is then added to the slurry in solutions of light hydrocarbon oils and short-chain alcohols, so that the hydrophobic lipid molecules adsorb on the moderately hydrophobic surface and, thereby, greatly enhance its hydrophobicity. By virtue of the enhanced hydrophobicty, the water molecules adhering to the surface are destabilized and more readily removed during the process of mechanical dewatering. The moisture reduction can be further improved using appropriate electrolytes in conjunction with the lipids, spraying surface tension lowering reagents onto the filter cake, subjecting the cake to a suitable vibratory means, and using combinations thereof.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for controlling pests, particularly insect pests, are provided. The compositions comprise proteins isolated from plants of the genus Pentaclethra which exhibit trypsin inhibiting activity. Nucleotide sequences encoding the proteins are also provided. Such sequences find use in transforming organisms for control of pests.

Abstract: Methods of purifying TGF-&bgr; superfamily proteins, including osteogenic proteins, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are disclosed.

Abstract: A hybrid polypeptide composed of an identification peptide and a desired functional protein are produced by recombinant DNA techniques. A DNA expression vector is constructed that includes segments of DNA coding for the identification peptide and the desired functional protein. The identification peptide consists of a specific sequence of amino acids that has the desired affinity for a non-antibody capture protein. This peptide maybe linked to either the amino or carboxyl terminal of the functional protein. The identification peptide may or may not contain a sequence of amino acids that can be fragmented by sequence specific proteases or chemical agents to yield the native protein. The hybrid polypeptide produced by either cell or cell-free based expression systems is now suitable for further processing. This fusion protein can be purified by affinity chromatographic techniques using an immobilized non-antibody capture protein that has the desired affinity for the identification peptide.

Abstract: Crystal growth can be initiated and controlled by dynamically controlled vapor diffusion or temperature change. In one aspect, the present invention uses a precisely controlled vapor diffusion approach to monitor and control protein crystal growth. The system utilizes a humidity sensor and various interfaces under computer control to effect virtually any evaporation rate from a number of different growth solutions simultaneously by means of an evaporative gas flow. A static laser light scattering sensor can be used to detect aggregation events and trigger a change in the evaporation rate for a growth solution. A control/follower configuration can be used to actively monitor one chamber and accurately control replicate chambers relative to the control chamber. In a second aspect, the invention exploits the varying solubility of proteins versus temperature to control the growth of protein crystals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide of the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents SO3H or H; X represents an &agr;-amino acid or a single bond; Z1 and Z2 are the same or different and each represents an &agr;-amino acid; and Y represents OH or NH2. This peptide has plant growth factor properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vector for expression of a heterologous protein by a Gram negative bacteria, wherein the vector includes a nucleic acid such as DNA encoding the following: an origin of replication region; optionally and preferably a selection marker; a promoter; an initiation region such as translation initiation region and/or a ribosome binding site, at least one restriction site for insertion of heterologous nucleic acid, e.g. DNA, encoding the heterologous protein, and a transcription terminator. The inventive vector may contain DNA encoding the heterologous protein, e.g., pro-insulin such as pro-insulin with a His tag.

Abstract: An immunoassay kit for the quantification of degradation products of carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen in a human serum sample, including an antibody that is characterized by binding to at least one peptide derived from the carboxy-terminal telopeptide domain of type I collagen and isolatable from a urine sample of a patient with active Patet's disease.

Abstract: A novel Serum Amyloid A (SAA), isolated and purified from mammalian colostrum, is disclosed. The SAA has been isolated from colostrum of several mammalian species, including horse, cow and sheep. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the colostrum SAA, and antibodies immunologically specific for the colostrum SAA, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel methods for enhancing the ability to separate a species of interest from other different species present in a free solution mixture thereof which takes advantage of interactions that occur between soluble, small molecular weight ligands and the species of interest. The small molecular weight ligands employed in the present invention function to interact with a species of interest in a mixture of different species through either affinity, hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions, thereby altering the molecular weight, hydrodynamic volume and/or isoelectric point of the species of interest and rendering it separable from other component(s) in the mixture.

Abstract: A method is described for separating and purifying a wide variety of fermentation cyclopeptide products containing at least one protonatable amino group (including the deacylated Echinocandin-type compounds) from their fermentation or mixed broths and partially purified process streams by adsorbing the mixture onto a hydrophobic, reversed phase chromatographic media and eluting with a continuous linear acetic acid gradient ranging from 0.1% acetic acid to 10.0% acetic acid by volume in water. A process for removing tripeptide-aldehyde by-products from the fermentation products by means of a derivatizing agent is also described.

Abstract: A protein signature analysis is obtained using a peptide ladder library. The molecular signature of a protein is defined to be that subsequence of amino acid positions within the protein which are essential for the protein to bind to a target molecule. The molecular signature may be determined by screening a peptide ladder library which corresponds to the protein against the target molecule. The peptide ladder library is a library of m peptides wherein each peptide has an amino acid sequence of length m corresponding to an amino acid sequence of the protein, with one exception, viz. peptidem has a substitute amino acid at positionm and the substitute amino acid is attached by a labile bond to its neighboring amino acid. Screening the peptide ladder library against the target molecule results in a division of the original mixture into a positive (functional) pool and a negative (non-functional) pool. The pools are separated and subjected to cleavage to obtain cleavage products.

Abstract: Methods for detecting human factor VIII or factor VIII-like polypeptides in and isolating it from solutions such as blood or conditioned media are disclosed, together with reagents suitable for the purpose comprising binding moieties that recognize human factor VIII and/or a factor VIII-like polypeptide and form a binding complex therewith. Preferred polypeptide binding moieties are particularly disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and devices for purifying polypeptides and/or proteins using metal loaded ligand bound membranes by metal ion affinity chromatography are described.