Abstract: Hydrolyzed collagen type II powder compositions, method of preparing the compositions and use of the compositions in treating cartilage defects. The compositions are orally administered to an individual in need of cartilage augmentation in a daily dosage of between about 2,000 and 3,000 mg per day.

Abstract: A process for preparing a protein-polysaccharide conjugate includes reacting a protein with a polysaccharide to produce a mixture including a protein-polysaccharide conjugate and free protein. At least one unreacted reagent or low molecular weight component is removed from this mixture, without removing all of the free protein, to provide a purified mixture that contains the protein-polysaccharide conjugate and free protein. This purified mixture can be used as a conjugate vaccine, immunogen, or immunological reagent. Keeping the free protein in the purified mixture with the conjugate saves time and money in the conjugate production process. In another aspect of the invention, the purified mixture of the protein-polysaccharide conjugate and free protein is reacted with a hapten to produce a conjugate mixture including a hapten-protein conjugate and a hapten-protein-polysaccharide conjugate.

Abstract: Disclosed are amphiphilic compounds comprising Formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are C2-C12 straight or branched alkyl; unsubstituted phenyl, biphenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl; or phenyl, biphenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl substituted with one, two, or three C1-C6 straight or branched alkyl groups; or R1 and R2 combined are C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkenyl; or C3-C8 cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl substituted with one, two, or three C1-C6 straight or branched alkyl groups; one of R4 or R5 is selected from the group consisting of C2-C6-straight or branched alkyl-(dimethyl-N-oxide), alkyl-(dimethylamine), alkyl-(trimethylammonium), alkyl-glucosyl, alkyl-maltosyl, glucosyl, maltosyl, and polyethylene(glycosyl); the other of R4 or R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, C2-C6 straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C2-C6-straight or branched alkyl-(dimethyl-N-oxide); alkyl-(dimethylamine), alkyl-(trimethylammonium), alkyl-glucosyl, alkyl-maltosyl, glucos

Abstract: The invention embodies the surprising discovery that Tissue Factor (TF) compositions and variants thereof specifically localize to the blood vessels within a vascularized tumor following systemic administration. The invention therefore provides methods and compositions comprising coagulation-deficient Tissue Factor for use in effecting specific coagulation and for use in tumor treatment. The TF compositions and methods of present invention may be used alone, as TF conjugates with improved half-life, or in combination with other agents, such as conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted immunotoxins, targeted coaguligands, and/or in combination with Factor VIIa (FVIIa) or FVII activators.

Abstract: The invention embodies the surprising discovery that Tissue Factor (TF) compositions and variants thereof specifically localize to the blood vessels within a vascularized tumor following systemic administration. The invention therefore provides methods and compositions comprising coagulation-deficient Tissue Factor for use in effecting specific coagulation and for use in tumor treatment. The TF compositions and methods of present invention may be used alone, as TF conjugates with improved half-life, or in combination with other agents, such as conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted immunotoxins, targeted coaguligands, and/or in combination with Factor VIIa (FVIIa) or FVII activators.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is suitable for the commercial high-level production of a protein or peptide which can be used as a prophylactic and therapeutic drug for various diseases such as senile dementia, cerebrovascular dementia (dementia arising from cerebrovascular disorders), dementia associated with genealogical retroplastic diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease, Huntington's disease, etc.), dementia associated with infectious diseases (e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's and other virus diseases), dementia associated with endocrine or metabolic disease or toxicosis (e.g. hypothyroidism, vitamin B12 deficiency, alcoholism, intoxication by drugs, metals, and organic compounds), dementia associated with tumorigenic diseases (e.g. brain tumor), dementia associated with traumatic diseases (e.g. chronic subarachnoidal hemorrhage), and other types of dementia, depression, hyperactive child syndrome (microencephalopathy), and disturbance of consciousness.

Abstract: The invention relates to libraries of synthetic test compound attached to separate phase synthesis supports. In particular, the invention relates to libraries of synthetic test compound attached to separate phase synthesis supports that also contain coding molecules that encode the structure of the synthetic test compound. The molecules may be polymers or multiple nonpolymeric molecules. Each of the solid phase synthesis support beads contains a single type of synthetic test compound. The synthetic test compound can have backbone structures with linkages such as amide, urea, carbamate (i.e., urethane), ester, amino, sulfide, disulfide, or carbon--carbon, such as alkane and alkene, or any combination thereof. Examples of subunits suited for the different linkage chemistries are provided.

Abstract: The present invention consists in methods of preparing derivatives either isolation or from glycopeptides or glycoproteins. The methods comprise producing sugar hydrazones, sugar pyrazoles, glycosylpyrazones, azoglycan dyes and hydrazoglycan dyes. The present invention also relates to the removal of O-glycans from glycopeptides or glycoproteins, immobilising reducing sugars onto solid supports and methods to obtain sugars from glycopeptide or glycoprotein comprising subjecting the glycopeptide or glycoprotein to solid-phase Edman degradation followed by separating and characterizing the sugars.

Abstract: An assay method that requires a soluble fibrin monomer or a soluble fibrin monomer reagent as one of the components of the assay. The reagent is a fibrin-like material having a solubility and stability similar to fibrinogen in that it remains soluble and stable at physiological conditions at a concentration employed in the assay in the absence of fibrin polymerization inhibitors or reagents for maintaining solubility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for industrial production of a peptide preparation having specific specifications by hydrolysis of a protein material, preferably based on whey. The method comprises several steps, which makes it easy to control the method so as to obtain a product which, e.g. because of low mineral content, is well suited for peritoneal dialysis and parenteral feeding. The method gives a high yield.

Abstract: A method for removing excess salts, sulfites, sulfates and fatty components from liquid protein hydrolysate is described. Purified liquid protein products having reduced concentrations of salts, sulfites, sulfates and fatty material are also described. The purified liquid protein hydrolysate product can be characterized as having lower than about 0.5% sulfites or sulfates and can also be enhanced with nutrients such as phosphate, potassium, manganese, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron, cobalt, zinc or amino acid such as methionine or lysine.

Abstract: Novel hG-CSF polypeptide derivatives having an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of the human granulocyte colony stimulating factor polypeptide by substitution of at least one amino acid by a different amino acid and/or deletion of at least one amino acid, recombinant plasmids containing a DNA fragment insert coding for any of these hG-CSF polypeptide derivatives, microorganisms carrying one of such plasmids, methods of producing the hG-CSF polypeptide derivatives using the microorganisms, a monoclonal antibody binding to the hG-CSF polypeptide derivative, and chemically modified hG-CSF or derivatives thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for C-Terminal degradation of peptides and proteins involves forming a thiohydantoin derivative of the C-Terminal amino acid and then cleaving the derivatized amino acid by reaction with methoxide or methiolate ions.

Abstract: A method for producing a peptide mixture from whey protein by (1) adding at least one protease to an aqueous solution of at least one whey protein to hydrolyze the whey protein, (2) measuring the amount of a free amino acid selected from the group consisting of lysine, phenylalanine, leucine and arginine produced during the hydrolysis of the whey protein, (3) calculating the amount of the free amino acid with respect to the total amount of the amino acid contained in the whey protein, and (4) terminating the hydrolysis when the calculated amount of the free amino acid with respect to the total amount of the amino acid contained in the whey protein falls within a predetermined range. The inventive method provides a whey protein hydrolysate of consistent quality.

Abstract: The invention is based on the finding that furin belongs to a family of endoproteolytically active enzymes and relates to a process in the in vitro cleavage of a protein by treating the protein in the presence of Ca.sup.2+ ions with furin, or an endoproteolytically active fragment, derivative or fusion protein of furin. The invention can be used for the (micro) biological production of a protein by culturing genetically engineered cells expressing a pro-form of the protein as well as furin and isolating the protein formed. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants, as well as an endoproteolytically active amount of furin, or a fragment or derivative of furin having an endoproteolytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the production of bioactive peptides. Specifically the present invention relates to improved methods for the chemical hydrolysis of proteins by organic acids in the presence of metallic ions.

Abstract: A process for purifying apolipoprotein A (ApoA) or apolipoprotein E (ApoE), or variants or mixtures thereof, comprises contacting a first aqueous solution comprising ApoA or ApoE and endotoxins with a matrix comprising an immobilized compound with an end group comprising two or three nitrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom for attaching the endotoxins to the matrix, and subsequently treating the matrix comprising the immobilized compound with a second aqueous solution comprising a surfactant for releasing the ApoA or ApoE while the endotoxins remain attached to the matrix.

Abstract: This invention relates to a modified diphtheria toxin (DT) and method of preparing the same in which two carboxy-terminal truncated forms of DT are prepared by specific chemical proteolysis generating two new proteins HA51DT and HA48DT which can be chemically linked to a cell specific binding moiety to produce potent cytotoxins. This invention further relates to carboxy terminal peptides formed in accordance with said proteolysis generating three peptides HA11DT, HA7DT and HA3DT.

Abstract: Cell culture substrates comprising dried films of native fibrillar collagen produced by a method in which collagen fibers are hydrolyzed in acid, solubilized, and reformed as gels on porous surfaces under non-physiologic salt conditions to produce large fibers with the striations characteristic of collagen fibers found in vivo. The gels are collapsed onto the porous surfaces by drawing the interfibril fluid out of the gel through the underside of the porous surface and then dried to form films. Dried collagen films made in this manner retain native fibrillar collagen structure and excellent diffusion characteristics. Native fibrillar collagen films produced according to the methods of the invention are useful as cell culture substrates. They have particularly advantageous properties for growth and differentiation of epithelial cells. This effect is synergistically enhanced by addition of butyric acid as a differentiation inducing agent.

Abstract: A whey protein hydrolysate is described which is free of allergenics while preserving the structures susceptible of exerting anticipatory regulations to maximize the tolerance and protein metabolism, and mixtures thereof with casein and/or soy protein hydrolysates. Whey protein hydrolysates according to the invention have an amino acid composition comprising at least 2% by weight of tryptophan, less than 5% by weight of threonine, less than 2.8% by weight of methionine whereby 40 to 60% by weight of the amino acids are in the form of tetra- to decapeptides.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the production and purification of hydrophobic fusion proteins production and purification of said hydrophobic polypeptides, proteins or peptides. Homogeneous monomeric .beta.-amyloid peptide and tests for screening amyloid toxicity-inhibiting drugs using this monomeric .beta.-amyloid peptide relate to these fusion proteins.

Abstract: Cell culture substrates comprising dried films of native fibrillar collagen produced by a method in which collagen fibers are hydrolyzed in acid, solubilized, and reformed as gels on porous surfaces under non-physiologic salt conditions to produce large fibers with the striations characteristic of collagen fibers found in vivo. The gels are collapsed onto the porous surfaces by drawing the interfibril fluid out of the gel through the underside of the porous surface and then dried to form films. Dried collagen films made in this manner retain native fibrillar collagen structure and excellent diffusion characteristics. Native fibrillar collagen films produced according to the methods of the invention are useful as cell culture substrates. They have particularly advantageous properties for growth and differentiation of epithelial cells. This effect is synergistically enhanced by addition of butyric acid as a differentiation inducing agent.

Abstract: A preventive for circulatory diseases which can prevent the onset of circulatory diseases, particularly cerebral stroke, without causing adverse effects such as blood-pressure fluctuation. The preventive contains as the active ingredient a low-molecular-weight peptide fraction prepared by the trypsinization of casein followed by partial purification.

Abstract: Nitrosylation of proteins and amino acid groups enables selective regulation of protein function, and also endows the proteins and amino acids with additional smooth muscle relaxant and platelet inhibitory capabilities. Thus, the invention relates to novel compounds achieved by nitrosylation of protein thiols. Such compounds include: S-nitroso-t-PA, S-nitroso-cathepsin; S-nitroso-lipoprotein; and S-nitroso-immunoglobulin. The invention also relates to therapeutic use of S-nitroso-protein compounds for regulating protein function, cellular metabolism and effecting vasodilation, platelet inhibition, relaxation of non-vascular smooth muscle, and increasing blood oxygen transport by hemoglobin and myoglobin. The compounds are also used to deliver nitric oxide in its most bioactive form in order to achieve the effects described above, or for in vitro nitrosylation of molecules present in the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a powdered protein product from whole blood or a blood cell fraction separated from whole blood, the protein product being highly digestible, having a low content of iron and salts, being light brown, watersoluble and having good adhesive properties. The method for the production of the powdered protein product is characterized in that an aqueous blood cell material is subjected to hydrolysis at a temperature of between 140.degree. and 190.degree. C. and that the treated material is separated into a low-iron, liquid phase containing soluble proteins and an iron-rich, solid phase containing insoluble proteins, the liquid phase subsequently being concentrated or dried to a low-iron protein product, if desired.

Abstract: A particular TNF degradation product is effective as a cytotoxin with respect both to TNF-sensitive and TNF-resistant tumor cells. Pharmaceutical compositions containing this degradation product are thus useful in treating tumors which are otherwise resistant to TNF. In addition, TNF resistance can be measured as a function of the expression of EGF receptors in tumor cells.

Abstract: The new casein hydrolyzate does not contain any unhydrolyzed casein and is characterized by a defined molecular weight distribution. The method is characterized by being performed by means of three defined proteolytic enzymes and a non-pH star method. The casein hydrolyzate exhibits an optimal balance between DH, free amino acids, bitterness and yield.

Abstract: A modified vegetable protein binder produced by and a method of producing a modified vegetable protein binder for paper coatings by bleaching a vegetable protein extract with an oxidizing agent and a magnesium compound to provide a bleached vegetable protein material and then modifying the bleached vegetable protein. The modification is generally hydrolyzing the bleached vegetable protein and when desired, also carboxylating the bleached vegetable protein.

Abstract: A process for purifying IGF-I from variants of IGF-I is provided. In this process a mixture containing IGF-I and its variants is loaded onto a reversed-phase liquid chromatography column and the IGF-I is eluted from the column with a buffer at a pH of about 6-8. The buffer contains an alcoholic or polar aprotic solvent at a concentration of about 20-30% (v/v). This process can be preceded by a hydrophobic-interaction chromatography step.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for increasing the yield of intact target proteins by cleaving fused polypeptides made by recombinant DNA techniques. The fused polypeptides are designed at the DNA level to have a preselected primary cleavage site in a pendant polypeptide fused to a protein of interest. Structural features of the fused polypeptide and cleavage reaction environment are controlled to favor cleavage by a preselected cleavage agent at the primary cleavage site over a second cleavage agent-sensitive amino acid sequence in the target protein. The cleavage reaction is terminated before completion when the ratio of intact target protein to truncated, cleaved target protein is optimized, and the remaining reaction mixture comprising uncleaved fused polypeptide is resubjected to the cleavage agent. The presence of charged organic molecules in the cleavage reaction mixture favors cleavage at the primary cleavage site. The endopeptidase used for cleavage may be immobilized on an insoluble support matrix.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for improving HCl-hydrolysed protein by subjecting an aqueous solution thereof to hydrolysis (of monochloropropanediols and dichloropropanols) at a pH between 5.5 and 8.0 at a temperature between 20.degree. and 180.degree. C. for a period between 10 days to 15 minutes. Preferably the pH lies between 6.5 and 8.0, the temperature lies between 80.degree. and 120.degree. C. and the aqueous mixture contains 10 to 85% of solid material Also it is preferred to carry out the hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of 0.1 to 10% (w.w.) of added phosphate, C2-C6 carboxylic acid or salt thereof.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for treating chromium containing leather scrap to recover chromium compounds and to produce a protein hydrolysate. The leather scrap is fed into an upstream mixing zone of a reaction vessel along with an alkali metal solution and the scrap and the solution are mixed by a plurality of kneading paddles carried by a rotating shaft. The mixture is then passed to a downstream hydrolyzing zone and conveyed through the hydrolyzing zone by a spiral flight. The mixture is heated by the injection of steam to thereby produce a hydrolyzed mixture comprising a protein hydrolysate containing suspended, insoluble particles of chromium compound. The hydrolysate is separated from the precipitated chromium compounds and can be recirculated to the reaction vessel while the chromium compounds can be recovered for use in the tanning process. The concentrated hydrolysate can be subjected to electrophoresis to increase the concentration of any desired amino acid in the hydrolysate.

Abstract: Lactoferrin hydrolyzates, having a decomposition rate between 6%-20% as measured by formol titration, for use as an antibacterial agent, and which have remarkably more potent activity than unhydrolyzed lactoferrin; and lactoferrin hydrolyzates, having a decomposition rate between 4-50% as measured by formol titration, for use as a tyrosinase inhibition agent, are obtainable by conventional methods for hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, and are stable to heating.

Abstract: A method of producing a modified vegetable protein binder for paper coatings having improved whiteness, brightness and strength wherein a vegetable protein material is oxidized with an oxidizing agent and a low level of magnesium compound.

Abstract: A milk-protein hydrolyzate consisting of a mixture of peptides and free amino acids having proliferation activating property on human cutaneous cells but not having antigenicity of the milk-protein may be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of milk protein. The peptides of the hydrolyzate have molecular weights less than 1000 daltons, and the hydrolyzate has a free aromatic amino acid/total aromatic amino acid ratio of at least 90%. Fractionation of the milk protein hydrolyzate yields a fraction consisting of a mixture of peptides. The fraction has a proliferation activating property on human cutaneous cells but does not have the antigenicity of the milk protein. The fraction contains aromatic amino acids in an amount of less than 5% by weight of total amino acids. Both the hydrolyzate and the fraction can be formulated into cosmetic compositions for application to the hair and skin.

Abstract: A method for the generation of phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) amino acids from phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) or anilinothiozolinone (ATZ) amino acids. The method involves a base-catalyzed ring opening of the PTH or ATZ in the presence of a reducing agent. The method affords an alternative to the established aqueous acid conversion reaction of the Edman degradation in which ATZ and PTC amino acids are converted to the PTH amino acid. A further method is described for the generation of reactive ATZ amino acids from PTH amino acids. These methods facilitate the analysis of protein at low molar amounts by allowing the synthesis of amino acid derivatives which can be analyzed in quantities which are much lower than those required for conventional PTH amino acid analysis.

Abstract: New protein hydrolyzates are produced by treating an aqueous solution of a protein hydrolyzate with an adsorptive resin functional to remove from the protein hydrolyzate bitter taste components, color and odor components and aromatic amino acids. The treated protein hydrolyzate solutions can be concentrated and dried if desired to powder form.

Abstract: Kappa-caseino-glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is industrially produced from a whey product concentrated in proteins partly freed from lactose by selective precipitation of the residual whey proteins with ethanol from the supernatant collected after separation of the flocculate obtained by heat treatment in acidic medium.

Abstract: Lactoferrin hydrolyzates, having a decomposition rate between 6%-20% as measured by formol titration, for use as an antibacterial agent and which have remarkly more potent activity than unhydrolyzed lactoferrin; and lactoferrin hydrolyzates, having a decomposition rate between 4-50% as measured by formol titration, for use as a tyrosinase inhibition agent, are obtainable by conventional methods for hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, and are stable to heating.

Abstract: The chlorohydrin content of a liquid containing hydrolyzed protein obtained by hydrolysis of protein with hydrochloric acid is reduced in an apparatus system by introducing alkali into the liquid flowing under pressure in a piping system to increase the pH of the liquid, after which the pH-increased flowing liquid is heated, and then the heated flowing liquid is held for a time sufficient in a holding piping section to reduce the chlorohydrin content of the hydrolyzed protein contained in the liquid. The flowing liquid under pressure then is cooled before or after addition of hydrochloric acid which is employed to adjust the pH of the liquid.

Abstract: A peptide preparation from hydrolysis of whey containing peptides with a molecular weight of up to 6,000 Dalton. Such a preparation is hypoallergenic and therefore useful in food products and stimulants, such as mother's milk substitutes, edible ice, protein beverages and other products, usually containing milk or milk protein, in particular for allergics or humans with lactose malabsorption. The preparation is produced by a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultra filtration.

Abstract: The .alpha.-chlorohydrin content of liquid hydrolysed protein obtained by acid hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid is reduced by adjusting the pH of the liquid hydrolysed protein to a pH of from 8 to 14 and holding the liquid for a time sufficient for the .alpha.-chlorohydrin content of the liquid hydrolysed protein to be reduced.

Abstract: Polypeptides have been discovered which exhibit high specific VIII:C coagulant activity. Monoclonal antibodies to the polypeptides are also disclosed.

Abstract: High molecular weight protein/fatty acid condensation products obtained by reaction of one mole of a protein hydrolysate of average molecular mass 3,000 to 7,000 with 0.5 to 3, preferably 2 to 2.5, moles of a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 -fatty acid chloride in aqueous medium at a pH of 7 to 12. These protein/fatty acid condensation products are distinguished by eliciting no mucosal irritation whatever. They are therefore outstandingly suitable as surfactants for mild washing and cleansing agents.

Abstract: Peptide or protein are immobilized on a solid surface and exposed to acid mixture for hydrolysis. The acid mixture comprises mainly hydrocloride and trifruoracetic acid. The temperature of it is in the range of 100.degree. to 180.degree. C. The time period of exposing is in the range of 5 to 120 min.

Abstract: This invention relates to a peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises as an osmotically active agent an osmotically effective amount of a mixture of peptides, the mixture consisting substantially of peptides having a molecular weight of about 300 to about 2000 daltons, and an equivalent weight between about 150 to about 1500.

Abstract: The method consists in subjecting the raw material (milk or retentate) to enzymatic hydrolysis by means of at least one proteolytic enzyme able to reproduce the proteic digestion occuring in vivo in the human body; recovering the thus obtained hydrolyzate; subjecting the latter to at least one ultrafiltration step on membranes able to retaining the phosphopeptides while letting the peptides pass therethrough, the ultrafiltrate thus containing the non phosphorylated peptides; recovering the ultrafiltration retentate; disaggregating the phosphopeptides in the retentate; and subjecting the latter to at least one further ultrafiltration step on membranes which do not retain the phosphopeptides, these being thus separated from the enzyme and available to be recovered as product. The resulting products are useful as dietetic aliments, therapeutic nutriments or medicaments.

Abstract: Emulsified compositions comprising an elastin hydrolyzate having a molecular weight not lower than 200,000 (preferably in the range from 1,000,000 to 2,000,000) maintain a stable emulsion state without having to use any other surfactants, and cause sufficient retention of water and moisture on the human skin without having to use any other humectants when employed as cosmetics or external preparations for the skin.

Abstract: A medicinal composition, particularly but not exclusively for use in fluids for medical dialysis, contains, as an agent for maintaining the osmolality of the fluid, a protein hydrolysate resulting from the action of a proteolytic enzyme on the sodium caseinate fraction of milk protein. The enzyme is preferably trypsin but other proteolytic enzymes and enzyme mixtures may be used, examples being chymotrypsin, pancreatin and pronase.The method of production involves treating the sodium caseinate in aqueous medium with the enzyme at the appropriate pH and temperature for optimum enzyme activity. The product of the enzymic hydrolysis, after filtration through a bacterial filter, adjustment of the osmolality to an appropriate level of around 300 mOsm/Kg and the pH to physiological level of about 6.6 and addition of physiological salt levels, constitutes the final product.

Abstract: A method of purifying hydrolyzed protein compositions by contact with a substantially phase-incompatible fluid extractant is provided. A reduction in the concentration of chlorohydrins, measured as 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol, in hydrolyzed protein compositions can be obrtained by contacting the hydrolyzed protein composition with such a phase-incompatible fluid extractant, e.g., ethyl acetate. The method allows removal of chlorohydrins without substantially affecting the organoleptic qualities of the hydrolyzed protein.