Abstract: A hair fixative composition includes at least one carboxylated cellulose ether based polyglucose polymer, an alcohol based solvent system, and a cosmetically acceptable additive, wherein the polyglucose polymer is soluble in the alcohol based solvent system. The polyglucose polymer is obtained by reacting at least one cellulose ether with at least one anhydride.

Abstract: Flame retardant cellulose is prepared comprising cellulose fibers and an organophosphate compound bonded to the cellulose fibers. Accordingly, the bonded phosphate-functional group provides the cellulose fibers with pendant phosphate ester functionality. Numerous phosphate derivatives can be envisaged that will accomplish the intended task.

Abstract: The present invention relates to plant cells and plants, which are genetically modified, whereby the genetic modification leads to an increase in the activity of a starch-phosphorylating OK1 protein in comparison to the corresponding wild type plant cells or wild type plants that have not been genetically modified. In addition, the present invention concerns means and methods for the manufacture of such plant cells and plants. These types of plant cells and plants synthesise a modified starch. Therefore, the present invention also concerns the starches synthesised from the plant cells and plants according to the invention, methods for manufacturing these starches, and the manufacture of starch derivatives of these modified starches, as well as flours containing starches according to the invention. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to nucleic acids, coding starch-phosphorylating OK1 proteins, vectors, host cells, plant cells, and plants containing such nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coupling low-molecular weight substances to a starch-derived modified polysaccharide. The binding interaction between the modified polysaccharide and the low-molecular weight substance is based on a covalent bond which is the result of a coupling reaction between the terminal aldehyde group or a functional group of the modified polysaccharide molecule resulting from the chemical reaction of this aldehyde group and a functional group of the low-molecular weight substance which reacts with this aldehyde group or with the resulting functional group of the polysaccharide molecule. The bond directly resulting from the coupling reaction can be optionally modified by a further reaction to the aforementioned covalent bond. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise conjugates formed in this coupling process and to the use of said conjugates and compositions for the prophylaxis or therapy of the human or animal body.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsifier, a method for preparing said emulsifier, and to its use in various applications, primarily food and cosmetic applications. The invention also relates to the use of said emulsifier for the creation of an elastic, gelled foam. An emulsifier according to the invention is based on a starch which is enzymatically converted, using a specific type of enzyme, and modified in a specific esterification reaction.

Abstract: Sulfation or sulfonation of biopolymers such as starch, chitosan, dextrins, gums and the like is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to differentially protected glycosyl phosphates. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the preparation of glycosyl phosphates from glycal precursors. In another aspect of the present invention, glycosyl phosphates are used as glycosyl donors in glycosylation reactions.

Abstract: Compositions comprising inositolphosphoglycans (IPGs) and ribose are disclosed, and their use in the prevention or treatment of ischaemic-reperfusion injury. This treatment increases the energy generating systems of cells by employing the mitochondrial oxidative restoration system. The use of the compositions in preserving organs for transplantation is also disclosed.

Abstract: The described invention relates to the new compound “sucrose-octosulphate salified with silver” usefully applicable in the prevention and cure of infections by micro-organisms of bacterial, fungal, viral and/or of yeast origins and in the promotion of tissue repair. The silver salts of sucrose octosulphate, subject of the invention have in fact been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activities even higher than that of known silver compounds. These properties therefore make them particularly appropriate for use in different pathological or paraphysiological conditions of the skin, of the epithelia and of the mucosa both intact and lesioned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral monophosphorus compounds and their transition metal complexes, to a process for preparing chiral monophosphorus compounds and their transition metal complexes and also to their use in asymmetric syntheses.

Abstract: The present invention concerns analogues of M6P for use in promoting the healing of wounds or fibrotic disorders with reduced scarring, together with methods for doing same.

Abstract: The methods of the present invention prepare carrageenan products from processed seaweed material having a solids content of less than 25% by weight solids, using shear stress treatment. The carrageenan products comprise at least about 60% by weight of carrageenan and at least about 2% by weight of acid insoluble material. The carrageenan products of the present invention are useful as components in food products, such as, dairy products, meats, and dessert gels as well as non-food products, such as, toothpaste formulations, cosmetics, paints, films and delivery capsules.

Abstract: This invention relates to skin pore tighteners each of which comprises, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the following formula:

Abstract: A method and composition for inhibiting human cholesterol absorption comprising ingesting a therapeutic amount of an inhibitor of human cholesterol esterase comprising very high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide having a sulfate to monomer ratio of from 1.0 to 3.0, containing less than about 5.0 wt. percent of sulfated polysaccharides having a molecular weight less than 75,000 Daltons, and containing less than 0.5 weight percent of inorganic sulfate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an isolated compound having the structure shown in FIG. 2, wherein n is an integer between 3 and 10 (inclusive) and X may be H, OH, alkyl, aryl, amyl, or an amino acid residue (optionally substituted) or a sugar residue (optionally substituted), and wherein R and R1 are hydrophobic hydrocarbon or fatty acid chains (R may be the same as R1 or different), a method of preparing compositions comprising the compound, and a diagnostic method comprising use of the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel bicyclic tris(anhydride)s useful as intermediates in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and the compounds which may be synthesized from such intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of starch phosphate esters as an expansion and/or texture aid in food or industrial products. The invention further provides the formulations and improved expanded products containing starch phosphate esters, particularly extruded breakfast cereals and snacks.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for purifying polysaccharides capable of inducing the production of high titers of opsonic antibodies that kill strains of enterococcal bacteria. In addition, the invention is directed to the antigens produced by this purification method and to vaccines which utilize such antigens.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of preparing starch phosphate monoesters, optionally in the presence of oligosaccharides, having improved reaction efficiency and reduced side reactions. The invention also includes the improved starch phosphate monoester products, characterized by high viscosity and low level of residual salts, their use in food and the enhanced food compositions prepared from them.

Abstract: Compounds having a mimetic or antagonistic property of an inositol phosphoglycan, and the uses of these compounds are disclosed, together with the use, e.g. to treat a condition ameliorated by administration of an IPG second messenger or an IPG antagonist thereof. Preferred compounds of the invention are based on the substituted cyclitols, and in particular, the compounds are based on the 1,6 linkage of two or more sugar residues to a cyclitol.

Abstract: The invention covers a process to manufacture biodegradable starch esters which can be processed into extrudates, formed parts and sheeting. The starch is activated with a carboxylic acid/carboxylic anhydride mixture through partial swelling and the onsetting esterification reaction at simultaneous conversion of the water entrained in the starch and partially esterified with a carboxylic anhydride up to the desired degree of substitution with progressing swelling and disintegration.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmacologically active compounds that have the ability to influence the polymerisation and depolymerisation of tubulin.A range of natural mitosis toxins are used as anti-tumor agents or are in the process of being clinically tested. There are various classes of such mitosis toxins that either demonstrate their cytotoxic action by inhibiting the polymerisation of microtubules in the spindle system (for example, Vinca alkaloids, colchicine) or achieve their cytotoxic action by a GTP-independent increase in the polymerisation of the tubulin and by preventing the depolymerisation of microtubules (for example, taxol, taxoters).Owing to their physico-chemical properties, hitherto not understood, and as a result of the characteristics of neoplastic cells, mitosis toxins have a certain selectivity for tumor cells, but there still remains a not inconsiderable cytotoxicity towards non-transformed cells.

Abstract: Sulfated oligosaccharides, wherein the oligosaccharide has the general formula I:R.sub.1 --(R.sub.x).sub.n --R.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and each R.sub.x represents a monosaccharide unit, all of which may be the same or different, adjacent monosaccharide units being linked by 1.fwdarw.2, 1.fwdarw.3, 1.fwdarw.4 and/or 1.fwdarw.6 glycosidic bonds and n is an integer of from 1 to 6, and use thereof as anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic and/or anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: A novel class of highly sulfated maltooligosaccharide having heparin-like activity is described, as well as methods for using these oligosaccharides to treat certain diseases including cancer, and retinopathies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thermoplastic and biodegradable polysaccharide esters/polysaccharide ether esters, which are characterised in that they can be represented by the general structure ##STR1## wherein Polysaccharide-O represents the substituted OH groups of a polymeric saccharide unit and wherein A is a linear polyether chain of the following structureA=(E--O)nwherein E signifies a linear aliphatic or aromatic branched or unbranched chain having 2 to 11 C atoms, n is an integer equal to or greater than 0 and both B and D are a maleic acid addition product of the following structure ##STR2## wherein F is an aliphatic, saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated carbon skeleton, which may optionally be provided with further substituents and wherein C can be a hydrogen atom, one or more substituents from the group dihydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, methyl, ethyl, benzyl, dihydroxypropyl, carboxyalkyl, sulphoalkyl or cyanoethyl.

Abstract: This invention encompasses a method and compositions which inhibit pancreatic cholesterol esterase and triglyceride lipase and hence, lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood stream.

Abstract: An adhesive for use in cigarette manufacturing which is a natural based liquid starch phosphate material having good flow or fluidity characteristics and viscosity stability and comprises a phosphorylated starch material made from a fluidity or converted starch having a high amylopectin content, the final starch phosphate composition prepared by steam injection cooking the phosphorylated starch at high temperature and pressure.

Abstract: The invention has as its object a process for the ionic exchange of ionised starches, consisting of washing the ionised starch which is in the form of a granular solid by means of a solution containing one or more exchange ions capable of replacing the counter-ions present on the starch.

Abstract: Process for the depolymerization and sulfation of polysaccharides by reaction of said polysaccharides with a sulfuric acid/chlorosulfonic acid mixture.

Abstract: Improved amphoteric starch derivatives containing tertiary amino or quaternary ammonium groups and anionic phosphate groups are disclosed. The derivatives which are defined by a minimum bound phosphorus content, a minimum viscosity and other criteria have use as wet-end additives and provide improved drainage properties in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: A new method for preparation of sulfated polysaccharides by means of pyridine-chlorosulfonic acid reagents. The polysaccharide is before sulfation treated with a reducing agent, e.g. sodium borohydride.

Abstract: 6-Iodoethylated starch and process for preparing the same are disclosed. The 6-idodethylated starch contains one iodine attached per 5 glucose units. Said compound is useful as a contrast agent for X-ray examination, especially for opacifying the vascular os lymphatic vessel. Said compound is produced by reacting 6-hydroxyethylated starch with N-iodosuccinimide in the presence of triphenylphosphine.

Abstract: Starch phosphates are prepared by reacting with an alkaline starch paste while maintaining an alkaline pH a phosphate salt at a temperature of about 45.degree. to 95.degree. C. for a period of not more than about 120 minutes. Amphoteric starch phosphates are prepared by also reacting with the starch paste a cationizing agent.

Abstract: The production rate and yield resulting from the dewatering of starch conversion products containing swollen starch granules resulting from treatments with cationic reagents is improved by the addition to the starch slurry of a water soluble anionic polymer.

Abstract: Novel starch sulfomaleate half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of sulfomaleic anhydride or its salts. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 and at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. The starch sulfomaleates may be reacted with sulfurous acid or its acid salts (e.g. sodium bisulfite) to form the novel starch disulfosuccinate.

Abstract: A method for oven drying chemically modified cellulosic materials, especially fibers, having improved fluid absorbency involves incorporating into the cellulose structure while swollen an amphiphilic compound miscible with water which will not evaporate when the fiber is oven dried and will remain in the fiber to prevent collapse of the fiber as the water is removed. The improved method of drying the fibrous cellulosic material produces a product having saline absorbency about equal to that produced when the fibers are dried with a water-miscible solvent and avoids the use of volatile solvents and the disadvantages inherent therewith. The fibers provided by the invention are especially suitable for use in pads which are to be used for absorbing water and body fluids.

Abstract: Starch ether derivatives are prepared by reacting a starch base with N-(2-haloethyl)iminobis(methylene)diphosphonic acid or with a N-(alkyl)-N-(2-haloethyl)aminomethylphosphonic acid. The derivatives contain aminophosphonic acid groups (or their salts) as zwitterion substituents which consist of either one or two anionic methylene phosphonic acid groups bound to a cationic nitrogen. Their cationic or anionic characteristics may be increased by introducing suitable cationic or anionic groups either by simultaneous reaction with the aminophosphonic acid reagent or by consecutive reaction either prior to or subsequent to the aminophosphonic acid reaction. They are especially useful as pigment retention aids in paper making processes.

Abstract: A process for making an acetylated cross-linked starch substantially free of acetyl odor and flavor which comprises cross-linking a starch in a slurry, acetylating the cross-linked starch to an acetyl substitution of not more than 2.5%, thereafter washing the starch sufficiently to reduce the ash content to less than 0.20%, preferably forming a slurry of the acetylated cross-linked starch and adjusting the pH to 7 to 9.0, and thereafter drying the starch. The process provides a starch product which is substantially free from off odors or flavors and particularly useful in pudding formulations. Tapioca starch is utilized in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: The invention discloses a dual derivatizing process for the preparation of cold water swelling starches and foodstuffs thickened therewith. The starch base is first subjected to a primary crosslinking reaction using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) according to conventional techniques, then reslurried, treated with additional STMP and drum dried to effect a secondary crosslinking reaction in situ.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by a virtually pollution-free, continuous process whereby an aqueous reagent solution of a tripolyphosphate, orthophosphate or pyrophosphate salt or a mixture thereof is sprayed onto a moist starch cake on a rotary vacuum filter in an amount sufficient to achieve efficient impregnation of the starch cake without losing significant levels of salt to the effluent. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent solution contains alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt and is obtained by diluting a concentrated solution thereof. The thus-impregnated starch is subsequently dried and heat-reacted by known procedures to produce an orthophosphate starch monoester.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by an improved pollution-free process which involves forming a reagent solution of an alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt in water having 20- 36% by weight of the salt dissolved therein, forming a starch cake containing no more than 45% by weight moisture, adding 2 - 30% by weight of the tripolyphosphate salt reagent solution to the starch cake, and drying and heat-reacting the thus-impregnated starch. In this process more efficient impregnation of the starch is achieved. The impregnation is preferably effected in a centrifuge.

Abstract: Water-insensitive starch fibers having an amylopectin content of about 55 to 100% by weight are prepared by extruding a colloidal starch dispersion in thread-like form into a moving coagulating bath. Water-insoluble additives may be incorporated into the starch dispersion so as to produce a fiber containing the additive in encapsulated form.

Abstract: Enlarged granule starch useful as a protective stilt material in microencapsulated coatings to prevent premature rupture of the microcapsules. Starch granules are increased in size by alkali-swelling of the granules in aqueous slurry. The enlarged granules are then crosslinked to aid in preserving the enlarged granular form through subsequent aqueous coating applications and thermal drying steps. A combination of hydrocyclone starch granule sizing and granule treatment employing alkali-swelling and crosslinking substantially improves the yield of usable large granule stilt materials obtainable from prime grade wheat starch, and other bimodal granular starches such as barley and rye.

Abstract: This invention relates to a paper for serving cable cores for the purpose of providing a swellable layer, comprising a paper base having a layer thereon of cellulose ether granules or of starch phosphate granules or of a mixture of both kinds of granules. The invention also relates to a process for the production of the paper.

Abstract: An insoluble alkali metal-magnesium starch-xanthate composition is prepared which is capable of removing most heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Concentrations of heavy metal ions contained in several industrial effluents were reduced to below the most stringent aqueous discharge limits.