Abstract: The present invention relates to calix[4]arene-nucleoside hybrids containing calix[4]arene moieties and calix[4]arene-oligonucleotide hybrids as a DNA hairpin structure mimics synthesized by using the calix[4]arene-nucleoside as a key building block. Calix[4]arene-nucleoside and calix[4]arene-oligonucleotide hybrids of the present invention can effectively recognize DNA or RNA through triplex formation by bonding between calix[4]arene containing cavity and biologically active substance.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with flavivirus or pestivirus comprising administering an effective flavivirus or pestivirus treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: A process for the resolution of a racemic mixture of nucleoside enantiomers that includes the step of exposing the racemic mixture to an enzyme that preferentially catalyzes a reaction in one of the enantiomers. The nucleoside enantiomer (?)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-(5-fluorocytosin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolane is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner.

Abstract: What is described are compounds wherein R represents Br, I or R1—SO3, where R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted C1–C5-alkyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group; X is O or NR?, where R? is a usual protective group for N; and R? represents hydrogen, a halogen, such as F, Cl, and Br, a substituted or unsubstituted C1–C7-alkyl group, such as methyl and ethyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C2–C7-alkenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C2–C7-alkynyl group.

Abstract: A novel method has been found to produce 2,2?-anhydro-1-(?-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine as a novel useful intermediate compound. A novel method has been further found to produce thymidine from 2,2?-anhydro-1-(?-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine. A novel method has been further found to L-2?-deoxyribose derivatives as a useful synthetic intermediate through L-2,2?-anhydro-5,6-dihydrocyclouridine derivative. According to these methods, synthesis of various L-nucleic acid derivatives, synthesis of which has been difficult till now.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of morpholino-nucleosides of formula: in which R1 represents a nucleic base and R2 represents a group corresponding to one of the following formulae: —(CH2)n—NH2 —(CH2)n—SH —(CH2)n—COOH —(CH2)n—OH —(CH2)n—NH—R3 —(CH2)n—SR3 —(CH2)n—CO—R3 —(CH2)n—OR3 in which n is an interger ranging from 1 to 12 and R3 is a group derived from a label, from a protein, from an enzyme, from a fatty acid or from a peptide, as chain terminators in a process of DNA or RNA sequencing by the Sanger method, or for the labelling of DNA or RNA fragments.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with flavivirus or pestivirus comprising administering an effective flavivirus or pestivirus treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of morpholino-nucleosides of formula: in which R1 represents a nucleic base and R2 represents a group corresponding to one of the following formulae: —(CH2)n—NH2 —(CH2)n—SH —(CH2)n—COOH —(CH2)n—OH —(CH2)n—NH—R3 —(CH2)n—SR3 —(CH2)n—CO—R3 —(CH2)n—OR3 in which n is an interger ranging from 1 to 12 and R3 is a group derived from a label, from a protein, from an enzyme, from a fatty acid or from a peptide, as chain terminators in a process of DNA or RNA sequencing by the Sanger method, or for the labelling of DNA or RNA fragments.

Abstract: The disclosure includes novel polymorphic and pseudopolymorphic crystalline forms of 5-azacytidine, along with methods for preparing said forms, wherein 5-azacytidine is represented by the formula: The disclosure also includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising said forms.

Abstract: A method for efficiently purifying 5? protected 2?-deoxypurine nucleosides, efficient production of which has previously been difficult. Impurities can be separated by obtaining the 5? protected 2?-deoxypurine nucleoside as an inclusion crystal including a solvent such as that having a nitrile structure in order to purify the 5? protected 2?-deoxypurine nucleoside at a high purity. This invention enables synthesis of highly purified, protected deoxypurine nucleosides easily on a large scale, which has previously been performed by column chromatography method.

Abstract: Nucleoside phosphinoamidite carboxylates and analogs are provided that have the structure of formula (III) wherein A is hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxy, halogen, SH, NH2, azide or DL wherein D is O, S or NH and L is a heteroatom-protecting group, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; B is a nucleobase; and one of R11 and R12 is a blocking group and the other is (IV) or (VI) in which W, X, Y, Z, R1 and n are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: wherein A is chosen from a nitrogen-, oxygen-, or sulfur-linked aryl, alkyl, cyclic, or heterocyclic group; both B and C are hydrogen, or either B or C is a halogen, amino, or thiol group and the other of B or C is hydrogen; and D is a primary alcohol, a hydrogen, or an oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur linked to phosphate, a phosphoryl group, a pyrophosphoryl group, or adenosine monophosphate through a phosphodiester or carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-substituted phosphodiester bridge, or to adenosine diphosphate through a phosphodiester or carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-substituted pyrophosphodiester bridge. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing the above compounds, methods of using the above compounds as pharmaceuticals, and processes for preparing the above compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of 5-azacytidine, wherein 5-azacytidine is represented by the structure: The method involves the silylation of 5-azacytosine, followed by the coupling of silylated 5-azacytosine to a protected ?-D-ribofuranose derivative. The coupling reaction is catalyzed by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMS-Triflate).

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: wherein A is a nitrogen-, oxygen-, or sulfur-linked aryl, alkyl, cyclic, or heterocyclic group, the group being further substituted with an electron contributing moiety; B is hydrogen, or a halogen, amino, or thiol group; C is hydrogen, or a halogen, amino, or thiol group; and D is a primary alcohol, a hydrogen, or an oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur linked to phosphate, a phosphoryl group, a pyrophosphoryl group, or adenosine monophosphate through a phosphodiester or carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-substituted phosphodiester bridge, or to adenosine diphosphate through a phosphodiester or carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-substituted pyrophosphodiester bridge. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing the above compounds, methods of using the above compounds as pharmaceuticals, and processes for preparing the above compounds.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing protected nucleosides comprises reacting a nucleoside with a protecting reagent in the presence of a regioselective activator to produce a regioselectively protected nucleoside. In some embodiments of the inventive method, an optionally substituted trityl or optionally substituted pixyl group is selectively added to the 5?-O-position of a nucleoside in the presence of lutidine as activator or activator/solvent. The inventive method results in improved selectivity of the 5?-O-position over the 3?-O-position, thereby improving overall product yield and purity, and permitting simplified purification protocols, in some cases obviating the need for chromatography to produce a purified protected nucleoside suitable for automated synthesis of oligonucleotides, such as primers, probes and antisense molecules.

Abstract: A method of treating HBV or HIV infections comprising administering to an individual an effective amount of the compound of formula IId?: wherein R2 is the residue of an aliphatic L-amino acid, p is 0, 1, or 2-20, and q is 0, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides novel nucleosides and related processes, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods. The novel nucleosides are useful in a wide variety of antiviral, antineoplastic, and antibacterial applications. Preferred embodiments of the instant invention include novel 2 halogen-substituted, 3 halogen-substituted, and 2?,3?dihalogen-substituted analogues of 3-deazaadenosine, and novel 3 halogen-substituted analogues of 3-deazaguanosine. Compounds of the instant invention, including 4-Amino-6-fluoro-1-(?-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine and 6-Amino-7-bromo-1,5-dihydro-1-?-D-ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one, have exhibited potent antiviral and anticancer activity in vitro. The compounds are also useful in the concomitant treatment of bacterial infections associated with viral infections such as AIDS.

Abstract: A method for efficiently purifying 5? protected 2?-deoxypurine nucleosides, efficient production of which has previously been difficult. Impurities can be separated by obtaining the 5? protected 2?-deoxypurine nucleoside as an inclusion crystal including a solvent such as that having a nitrile structure in order to purify the 5? protected 2?-deoxypurine nucleoside at a high purity. This invention enables synthesis of highly purified protected deoxypurine nucleosides easily on a large scale, which has previously been performed by column chromatography method.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-?-D-arabinofuranosyl)-9H-purin-9-amine is synthesized by reacting a 2-chloro-6-substituted purine with a protected and activated 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranose; and reacting with a base such as ammonia to provide 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-?-D-arabinofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-amine. When the purine reactant is substituted in the 6 position with a halogen, a reaction step with an alkoxide is carried out prior to the reaction with ammonia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel labeling reactant of formula (I) suitable for labeling an oligonucleotide wherein: R is a temporary protecting group. A is either a phosphorylating moiety or a solid support tethered to a bridge point Z via a linker arm E. E? is a linker arm between G and Z. G is a bivalent aromatic structure, tethered to two iminodiacetic acid ester groups N(COOR??)2 or G is a structure selected from a group consisting of G is a protected functional group. The invention further concerns a method for direct attachment of a conjugate group to an oligonucleotide structure enabling the attachment of a desired number of these groups during chain assembly. The method comprises a Mitsonobu alkylation.

Abstract: A compound called NATURA, which is a derivative of Isoindigo is useful in aiding the general health of a patient and specifically is beneficial in preventing or treating cancer. This compound and other related Isoindigo, Indigo and Indirubin derivatives are designed such that the bioactivity or bioavailability of the compound is increased. Methods of synthesizing these derivatives is also taught. In addition, pharmaceutical compositions that include a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of these derivatives and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A method for the use of these pharmaceutical compositions and compounds is taught, wherein a therapeutically effective amount is administered to an animal having solid tumor cancer. The pharmaceutical composition or compound can be re-administered to the animal until a desired treatment or result is accomplished.

Abstract: A compound of formula 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pryimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione has inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (gelatinase A) enzyme and binding of TNF? to TNF?-RI.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising 2?-deoxyribonucleosides. The invention also relates to methods of accelerating the healing of wounds, abrasions, cuts, incisions, and superficial burns induced by heat, sunlight, chemical agents, or infections, and methods for ameliorating the effects of aging of the epidermal tissues comprising administering the compositions of the present invention to an animal.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with hepatitis C comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: Modified nucleosides and methods of making and using the nucleosides are disclosed. The compounds can be prepared by reacting nucleoside starting materials that contain a suitable leaving group at one or more of the carbon atoms in the purine or pyrimidine ring, with a vinylstannane, carbon monoxide, and a palladium catalyst to provide 1-ene-3-one intermediates. These intermediates are then reacted with suitably functionalized primary or secondary amines via a Michael reaction. When the intermediate is a 5-position modified pyrimidine ring, and the amine contains a second hydrogen, it can do a second Michael reaction with the ene-one or the ene-imine in the pyrimidine ring. Appropriate modification of the amine reactant can yield products with various bioactivities. The nucleosides can be used therapeutically as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial or anti-viral drugs. The nucleosides can also be used for diagnostic applications, for example, by incorporating a radiolabel or fluorescent label into the molecule.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing a nucleic acid derivative by condensing a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as a dinitrogen 6-membered heterocyclic compound or a trinitrogen 5-membered heterocyclic compound with a pentose using a less expensive and safe reagent. Namely, a process for producing a nucleic acid derivative by condensing a dinitrogen 6-membered heterocyclic compound or a trinitrogen 5-membered heterocyclic compound with a pentose in the presence of an iron halide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel and improved process for preparing 2?-fluoro-5-methyl-?-L-arabinofuranosyluridine represented by formula (1) which shows anti-viral activity, especially potent anti-viral activity against hepatitis B-virus and Epstein-Barr virus:

Abstract: The invention provides novel polymorphic and pseudopolymorphic crystalline forms of 5-azacytidine, along with methods for preparing said forms, wherein 5-azacytidine is represented by the formula: The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising said forms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (1): is provided, which comprises the reaction a compound of formula (2): with a compound of formula Al(OR)3 under substantially anhydrous conditions. X, and X1 are each independently H or a protecting group, B is a base; R is an alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, each of which may be optionally substituted, and L is a leaving group.

Abstract: A process for substantially enhancing the regio and stereoselective synthesis of 9-?-anomeric nucleoside analogs is described. The introduction of the sugar moiety onto a 6-substituted purine base was preformed so that only the 9-?-D- or L-purine nucleoside analogs were obtained. This regio and stereoselective introduction of the sugar moiety allows the synthesis of nucleoside analogs and in particular 2?-deoxy, 3?-deoxy, 2?-deoxy-2?-?-fluoro and 2?,3?-dideoxy-2?-?-fluoro purine nucleoside analogs in high yield without virtually any formation of the 7-positional isomers. The compounds are drugs or intermediates to drugs.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the process for the preparation of 2?-deoxy-2?-halo-?-L-arabinofuranosyl nucleosides, and in particular, 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-?-L-arabinofuranosyl thymine (L-FMAU), from L-arabinose, which is commercially available and less expensive than L-ribose or L-xylose, in ten steps. All of the reagents and starting materials are inexpensive and no special equipment is required to carry out the reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the Formula 1 wherein the definitions of m, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 and R13 are in the specification. These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for the preparation of 2?-modified nucleosides, using a palladium catalyst and an alkene functionalized with a heteroatom. Included in the invention are the novel pyrimidines and purines that can be prepared according to the method of the invention and oligonucleotides containing said modified pyrimidines and purines.

Abstract: A novel nucleoside analog is disclosed which comprises a piperazine ring in the place of the ring ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Monomers utilizing a broad variety of nucleobases are disclosed, as well as oligomers comprising the monomers disclosed herein linked by a variety of linkages, including amide, phosphonamide, and sulfonamide linkages. A method of synthesizing the nucleoside analogs is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of morpholino-nucleosides of formula: in which R1 represents a nucleic base and R2 represents a group corresponding to one of the following formulae: —(CH2)n—NH2 —(CH2)n—SH —(CH2)n—COOH —(CH2)n—OH —(CH2)n—NH—R3—(CH2)nS—R3 —(CH2)n—CO—R3 —(CH2)n—OR3 in which n is an integer ranging from 1 to 12 and R3 is a group derived from a label, from a protein, from an enzyme, from a fatty acid or from a peptide, as chain terminators in a process of DNA or RNA sequencing by the Sanger method, or for the labelling of DNA or RNA fragments.

Abstract: A class of 2′-fluoro-nucleoside compounds are disclosed which are useful in the treatment of hepatitis B infection, hepatitis C infection, HIV and abnormal cellular proliferation, including tumors and cancer.

Abstract: Novel orthoesters are provided which can be used as a 2′-hydroxyl protecting groups or 2′-modification in the synthesis of polymers containing ribonucleic acid (RNA) nucleotides. The RNA comprising the orthoester can be handled and analyzed while 2′-modified, thereby minimizing potential degradation. The orthoester is stable during oligonucleotide synthesis. The orthoester is subsequently modified and can then be removed under mild acidic conditions. The ease and dependability of this process and the quality of the RNA product synthesized with this invention are comparable to that previously associated only with DNA synthesis.

Abstract: Methods are provided for diagnosing and/or characterizing chronic immune disease activity in a subject. In the subject methods, a sample is obtained from a subject suspected of having or known to have a chronic immune disease. The sample is then assayed for the presence of low molecular actin fragments. The assay results are used to diagnose the presence of chronic immune disease activity and/or characterize chronic immune disease activity in the subject, e.g. to confirm an initial chronic immune disease diagnosis, to determine the stage of the disease, to monitor disease progression, to predict disease attacks, and the like. Also provided by the subject invention are kits for practicing the methods.

Abstract: Novel agents acting as co-factors for replacement of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H co-enzyme systems in enzymatic oxido-reductive reactions. Agents mimicking the action of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H system in enzymatic oxidation/reduction of substrates into reduced or oxidized products. A method for selection and preparation of the mimicking agents for replacement of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H system and a device comprising co-factors for replacement of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H system.

Abstract: A production method for conveniently producing a 5′-acyloxynucleoside compound shown by the formula [A] in a good yield while suppressing formation of by-products, including subjecting a 2′,3′,5′-triacyloxynucleoside compound represented by the formula [I] to selective deacylation in an alcohol represented by the formula [II] using a base selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal alkoxide and alkali metal carbonate: 1

Abstract: The present invention provides nucleoside compounds and certain derivatives thereof which are inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA viral polymerase. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA viral replication and are useful for the treatment of RNA-dependent RNA viral infection. They are particularly useful as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication, and/or for the treatment of hepatitis C infection. The invention also describes pharmaceutical compositions containing such nucleoside compounds alone or in combination with other agents active against RNA-dependent RNA viral infection, in particular HCV infection. Also disclosed are methods of inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA viral replication, and/or treating RNA-dependent RNA viral infection with the nucleoside compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with flavivirus or pestivirus comprising administering an effective flavivirus or pestivirus treatment amount of a described 1′, 2′ or 3′-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel and improved nucleosidic and nucleotidic compounds that are useful in the light-directed synthesis of oligonucleotides, as well as, methods and reagents for their preparation. These compounds are characterized by novel photolabile protective groups that are attached to either the 5′- or the 3′-hydroxyl group of a nucleoside moiety. The photolabile protective group is comprised of a 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethyoxycarbonyl skeleton with at least one substituent on the aromatic ring that is either an aryl, an aroyl, a heteroaryl or an alkoxycarbonyl group. The present invention includes the use of the aforementioned compounds in light-directed oligonucleotide synthesis, the respective assembly of nucleic acid microarrays and their application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the treatment or prevention of Flavivirus infections using nucleoside analogues in a host comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing protected nucleosides comprises reacting a nucleoside with a protecting reagent in the presence of a regioselective activator to produce a regioselectively protected nucleoside. In some embodiments of the inventive method, an optionally substituted trityl or optionally substituted pixyl group is selectively added to the 5′-O-position of a nucleoside in the presence of lutidine as activator or activator/solvent. The inventive method results in improved selectivity of the 5′-O-position over the 3′-O-position, thereby improving overall product yield and purity, and permitting simplified purification protocols, in some cases obviating the need for chromatography to produce a purified protected nucleoside suitable for automated synthesis of oligonucleotides, such as primers, probes and antisense molecules.

Abstract: An oligo- or polynucleotide analogue having one or more structures of the general formula where B is a pyrimidine or purine nucleic acid base, or an analogue thereof, is disclosed. The use of this analogue provides an oligonucleotide analogue antisense molecule, which is minimally hydrolyzable with an enzyme in vivo, has a high sense strand binding ability, and is easily synthesized.

Abstract: This invention relates to antibiotic compounds AA896 of the formula wherein: R1 is H, aryl, alkyl (C1-C20), —CH2-aryl, —C(O)alkyl(C1-C20), —C(O)NHalkyl(C1-C20), or —C(O)NHaryl; R2 is H, alkyl (C1-C20), —CH2aryl, alkyl (C1-C20) or —C(O)alkyl(C1-C20); R3 is —OH; R2 and R3 may optionally be taken together to form a moiety R4 is alkyl (C1-C20), or aryl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of pentopyranosyl nucleosides, in which a significant improvement and simplification of the process step described in DE-A-19741715 can be achieved.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R represents an unsubstituted pyridyl, furyl or thienyl group, or a pyridyl, furyl or thienyl group each of which has one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group and a hydroxy lower alkenyl group except that when the pyridyl, furyl or thienyl group has a lower alkoxy group as a substituent, each of which simultaneously has another substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group and a hydroxy lower alkenyl group, m represents an integer of 1 to 3, and G represents a &bgr;-D-glucopyranosyl group, and the positions of substitution of the hydroxyl groups on the indolopyrrolocarbazole ring are the 1- and 11-positions, or the 2- and 10-positions, and an antitumore agent containing it as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: Sequence-specific oligonucleotides are provided having substantially pure chiral Sp phosphorothioate, chiral Rp phosphorothioate, chiral Sp alkylphosphonate, chiral Rp alkylphosphonate, chiral Sp phosphoamidate, chiral Rp phosphoamidate, chiral Sp phosphotriester, and chiral Rp phosphotriester linkages. The novel oligonucleotides are prepared via a stereospecific SN2 nucleophilic attack of a phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, phosphoramidate, phosphotriester or alkylphosphonate anion on the 3′ position of a xylonucleotide. The reaction proceeds via inversion at the 3′ position of the xylo reactant species, resulting in the incorporation of phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, phosphoramidate, phosphotriester or alkylphosphonate linked ribofuranosyl sugar moieties into the oligonucleotide.