Abstract: Conformationally locked 2?,4?-carbocylic nucleosides with improved thermal and nuclease stability are disclosed. Oligonucleotides incorporating the locked nucleosides, and methods of treating disease states, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are 2?-amino and 2?-thio bicyclic nucleosides and oligomenc compounds prepared therefrom. The novel bicyclic nucleosides provided herein are expected to be useful for enhancing one or more properties of the oligomeric compounds they are incorporated into such as nuclease resistance.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to determining the presence and level of hENT1 expression in tumor tissue that is appropriate for gemcitabine therapy, and more importantly, the level of hENT1 expression that signifies that treatment with a gemcitabine derivative is a more appropriate strategy.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with a Caliciviridae virus, such as a Norovirus, comprising administering an effective treatment amount of a described modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula 1a, wherein R1 is H or phosphate and the double bond is between N? and C? or between N2 and C1; R2 is a mitochondrial targeting moiety; R3 an alkyl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl spacer group, a cleavable linker, or absent; R4 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group; and R5 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or N? C?, and N3 together form a heterocyclic ring containing at least 5 atoms, wherein N1, N3, and R1-R5 are as defined above, or N3 and R5 together form a heterocyclic ring containing at least four atoms; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: An RNA of the present invention is an RNA containing a 5? cap structure and a coding region having a 5? initiation codon and a 3? stop codon on both ends of the coding region, the RNA having a nucleoside compound introduced at a site selected from among the 5? cap structure and 10 bases from a 5? end of the RNA, wherein the nucleoside compound is such that a group is attached to (i) a carbon atom at position 8 of a purine nucleus or (ii) a carbon atom at position 5 or 6 of a pyrimidine nucleus, the group being represented by formula (I): A-X?X-#??(I) where A represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, # represents a site where the group represented by the formula (I) is attached to the carbon atom at the position 8 of the purine nucleus or the carbon atom at the position 5 or 6 of the pyrimidine nucleus, and two Xs, which are identical to or different from each other, each represents a nitrogen atom or CH whose H may be substituted by alkyl.

Abstract: This disclosure provides novel reversibly terminated ribonucleotides which can be used as a reagent for DNA sequencing reactions. Methods of sequencing nucleic acids using the disclosed nucleotides are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stable crystal of 1-(2?-cyano-2?-deoxy-?-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine monohydrochloride. There is provided a crystal of 1-(2?-cyano-2?-deoxy-?-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine monohydrochloride having characteristic peaks at 13.7°, 15.7°, 16.0°, 18.6°, 20.3°, and 22.7° as diffraction angles (2?±0.1°) measured by powder X-ray diffraction, and having a melting point of 192° C. to 197° C.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds useful in the modulation of blood uric acid levels, formulations containing them and methods of making and using them. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are used in the treatment or prevention of disorders related to aberrant levels of uric acid.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with hepatitis C comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The present application provides several crystalline forms of gemcitabine base and methods of making the same.

Abstract: This invention provides a cytosine analogue, a method of preparation of a cytosine analogue, a DNA rhethyltransferase 1 inhibitor, a method for DNA methylation inhibition, the use of the analogue in the treatment of diseases associated with deviations from normal DNA methylation. More precisely, the invention relates to various derivatives of cytosine, as well as methods of preparation of mono- and multi-1,4,5 and 6-substituted cytosines. In general, the solution relates to providing effective modulators of DNA methylation which could be used in prevention and treatment of diseases associated with DNA methylation level disorders.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel 3?-deoxy-3?-methylidene-?-L-nucleosides, pharmaceutical composition comprising such compounds, as well as the methods to treat or to prevent viral infections and in particular HBV and/or HIV infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel and highly stereoselective process for preparing gemcitabine, which is suitable for industrial production, wherein, it includes the following reactions. Additionally, the invention discloses the key intermediates. The definition for the groups of G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 are described in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention comprises novel conjugates and immunogens derived from gemcitabine and unique antibodies generated by using gemcitabine linked immunogens, which conjugates immunogens and antibodies, are useful in immunoassays for the quantification and monitoring of gemcitabine in biological fluids.

Abstract: The present invention comprises novel analogs of gemcitabine and novel gemcitabine immunogens leased out of, i.e., derived from, the 5?-hydroxy position of gemcitabine. The invention also comprises unique monoclonal antibodies generated using gemcitabine linked immunogens as well as unique conjugates and tracers which antibodies, conjugates, and tracers are useful in immunoassays for the quantification and monitoring of gemcitabine in biological fluids.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation of 2-deoxy-D-erythro-2,2-difluoro-ribofuranose-3,5-dibenzoate, a known intermediate for the preparation of Gemcitabine, by means of a reduction process; further disclosed is the purification of Gemcitabine by chromatography and the purification of Gemcitabine hydrochloride by crystallization techniques from ternary solvent mixtures. The main advantage of the invention is providing Gemcitabine hydrochloride with purity in conformity with the Pharmacopoeia requirements, as well as a process particularly convenient from the industrial point of view.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of Formula I: nucleosides, nucleoside phosphates and prodrugs thereof, wherein R6 is CN, ethenyl, 2-haloethen-1-yl, or (C2-C8)-alkyn-1-yl. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections.

Abstract: A process of stereoselectively synthesizing ?-nucleoside, e.g., 2?-deoxy-2,2?-difluorocytidine, is described. The process includes reacting a tetrahydrofuran compound of the following formula: in which wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and L as defined in the specification, with a nucleobase derivative in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds according to the general formulas I, II, III, IV or V: wherein B is nucleoside base according to the structure: and the remaining variables as defined in the specification, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds. The compounds are useful interalia as anti-viral agents in viral therapy.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides compositions and methods of treating a Flaviviridae infection, including hepatitis C virus, West Nile Virus, yellow fever virus, and a rhinovirus infection in a host, including animals, and especially humans, using a (2?R)-2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-C-methyl nucleosides, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2?-allene-substituted nucleoside derivatives of the general formula (I): As well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods to treat or prevent an HIV infection, HBV infection, HCV infection or abnormal cellular proliferation, comprising administering said compounds or compositions. In addition, the present invention includes processes for the preparation of such compounds, and the related ?-D and ?-L-nucleoside derivatives.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are to compounds, methods, and compositions for use in the treatment of viral infections. More specifically embodiments of the invention are 2?,4?-substituted nucleoside compounds useful for the treatment of viral infections, such as HIV, HCV, and HBV infections.

Abstract: The present invention describes Photolabile Compounds methods for use of the compounds. The Photolabile Compounds have a photoreleasable ligand, which can be biologically active, and which is photoreleased from the compound upon exposure to light. In some embodiments, the Photolabile Compounds comprise a light antenna, such as a labeling molecule or an active derivative thereof. In one embodiment, the light is visible light, which is not detrimental to the viability of biological samples, such as cells and tissues, in which the released organic molecule is bioactive and can have a therapeutic effect. In another embodiment, the photoreleasable ligand can be a labeling molecule, such as a fluorescent molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a 2?-hydroxy-protected nucleoside derivative by reacting a ribonucleoside with an acylating or a carbamoylating reagent in the presence of a metal complex consisting of a copper compound and an optically active ligand. By the method according to the present invention, a 2?-hydroxy-protected ribonucleoside derivative, which is an important intermediate for producing an oligonucleoside, can be easily produced with good regioselectivity from a nucleoside derivative of which 2?,3?-hydroxy groups are not protected.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include 2? protected nucleoside monomers that are protected at the 2? site with orthoester-type protecting groups. The 2? protected monomers also include a second, aryl carbonate-type, protecting group. Aspects of the invention further include nucleic acids that include the protecting groups of the invention, as well as methods of synthesizing nucleic acids using the protecting groups of the invention.

Abstract: Process for preparing a compound of the formula (I) R1-S(O)x—S(O)yR2 in which R1 represents a molecular hydrocarbon radical which can be substituted and/or interrupted by one or more atoms and/or by one or more groups containing one or more atoms, said atoms being selected from N, O, P, S, Si and X, where X represents a halogen; R2, independently of R1, represents a carbon-containing group or a molecular hydrocarbon radical which can be substituted and/or interrupted by one or more atoms and/or by one or more groups containing one or more atoms, said atoms being selected from N, O, P, S, Si and X, where X represents a halogen, and x and y are selected from 0 and 1 in such a way that the sum of x and y is not more than 1, characterized in that a compound of formula (II) R1-S(O)x—R3-Si(R4)(R5)(R6) in which R3 represents a hydrocarbon chain of two carbon atoms, which is optionally unsaturated and/or substituted, and R4, R5 and R6, which are identical or different, each represent, independently of one another, a

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and reagents for detecting analytes, e.g. nucleic acids. The new methods and reagents allow a simple and sensitive detection even in complex biological samples.

Abstract: In its many embodiments, the present invention provides a novel class of pyrimidine analogs as targeted mechanism-based modulators of cell cycle checkpoints. Cancers and/or malignancies can be treated by administration of a cell cycle checkpoint modulator of the invention. Also discussed are suitable combinations of the cell cycle checkpoint modulator with a checkpoint kinase inhibitor to produce synergistic apoptosis in cancer cells. The invention also includes methods of treating cancers by administering the combination of the cell cycle checkpoint modulator and the checkpoint kinase inhibitor, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the cell cycle checkpoint modulator as well as combinations and pharmaceutical kits. An example cell cycle checkpoint modulator is shown below: formula (I).

Abstract: A radiolabeled nucleoside analogue is provided, which includes radioactive iodine 123I/131I, and a nucleoside analogue selected from a group consisting of cytidine, thymidine, uridine, and a derivative thereof. A method for preparing the radiolabeled nucleoside analogue, and a use thereof are further provided. The nucleoside analogue, prepared through the preparation method with a short synthesis time and a high radiochemical yield, has a long in vivo physiological half life and a high stability in serum, and, as a radiopharmaceutical composition, is useful in development of tumor proliferation diagnosis or therapy prognosis evaluation, and further assists in observation of long-time in vivo metabolism of a drug.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and reagents for detecting analytes, e.g. nucleic acids. The new methods and reagents allow a simple and sensitive detection even in complex biological samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthesis, purification and methods to obtain high purity novel 2?-arabino-O-methyl nucleosides and the corresponding phosphoramidites of various arabinonucleoside bases and introduction of such units into defined sequence synthetic DNA and RNA. Various synthetic oligonucleotides, such as HIV integrase inhibitor 14-mer and thrombin binding oligonucleotide, thrombin-1, bearing ara-2?-omethyl modification have been synthesized. It is anticipated the oligonucleotides incorporating these monomers will exhibit biological activities related to antisense approach approach, design of better SiRNA's, diagnostic agents. Similarly, it is anticipated that oligonucleotides incorporating such novel nucleosides will be useful to develop therapeutic candidates designing stable G-quadruplexes and Aptamers for oligonucleotide structure, folding topology, evaluation of biochemical properties and design and develop as therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A method of treating cancer using certain 2?-fluoro arabino nucleosides is provided. Also provided are compounds represented by the formula: (I & A) wherein R is alkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds.

Abstract: A process for isolating ?-anomer enriched Gemcitabine hydrochloride by converting Gemcitabine base into Gemcitabine hydrochloride followed by its purification using solvents from the series of water soluble ethers like 1,4-dioxane or Monoglyme.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of stereoselectively synthesizing a ?-nucleoside compound of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, and B are as defined in the specification; each of R3 and R4, independently, is H or fluoro. The process includes reacting, in the presence of a transition metal salt, a tetrahydrofuran compound of formula (II): wherein R1, R2, and L are as defined in the specification, with a nucleobase derivative; and each of R3 and R4, independently, is H or fluoro.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non aqueous pharmaceutical preparations containing gemcitabine or its pharmaceutically, acceptable salts in the form of ready-to-use solutions wherein the concentration of Gemcitabine is in the range of about 16 mg/ml to about 200 mg/ml and a pH of about 3.5 to 10.0. Further, a method for the preparation of non-aqueous Gemcitabine solution of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Results of studies of nucleosides in biofluid specimens from patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and related disorders have identified five biomarkers of the conditions: 1-methyladenosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, N2-methylguanosine, cytidine and uridine. In certain embodiments, methods of measuring these biomarkers and kits for measuring these biomarkers are provided.

Abstract: A compound of formula (A) or salt thereof: wherein each of R1, R2, and R3 independently represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, acyl, sulfonyl, or silyl; P represents hydrogen or a hydroxy protective group. This compound may be used an intermediate for making a 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides, such as gemcitabine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a use of non-cofactor compounds, represented by formulas (I) or (II) wherein R and Z are independently selected from H, D, C1-C12-alkyl, preferably C1-C4-alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, phenyl or -LX, wherein X represents a functional group or a reporter group attached via a linker group L, and QH is selected from —SH, —SeH, —NHNH2 or —ONH2, for a targeted modification or derivatization of a biomolecule by covalent coupling to the biomolecule in the presence of a directing methyltransferase. Further development of the method of targeted modification and derivatization are the method for targeted labeling a biomolecule and method for detecting unmethylated target sites in a biomolecule comprising modification of the biomolecule according to the present invention.

Abstract: Prodrugs based on gemcitabine structure shown in formula (I) as well as their synthetic method and application are disclosed in the present invention, wherein the definitions for the groups of a, b, c, d, E, Z and V are described in the specification. By modifying the N4 group, the solubility, the bioavailability and the organ specificity of the prodrugs are improved. Therefore, the fast metabolism problem is overcome for the produced prodrugs compounds. Intestinal toxicity induced by gemcitabine is decreased. Thereby, the prodrugs can be delivered by oral administration in clinics and further improve their anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-infection and diffusion preventing capability, and can also specifically act on liver or colon. The synthetic method is simple and adapted to industrial production.

Abstract: The present invention provides nucleosides of formula (1) and oligonucleotides comprising at least one nucleoside of formula (2): Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of inhibiting the expression of a gene in cell, the method comprising (a) contacting an oligonucleotide of the invention with the cell; and (b) maintaining the cell from step (a) for a time sufficient to obtain degradation of the mRNA of the target gene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a disease and/or a condition, including an infection from a paramyxovirus and/or an orthomyxovirus, with a nucleoside, a nucleotide and an analog thereof. Examples of viral infections include a respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) and influenza infection.

Abstract: Provided are methods relating to the use of CDP-therapeutic agent conjugates for the treatment of autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, or cancer. Also provided are CDP-therapeutic agent conjugates, particles comprising CDP-therapeutic agent conjugates, and compositions comprising CDP-therapeutic agent conjugates.

Abstract: The present invention provides selenium derivatives of nucleosides, nucleoside phosphoramidites, nucleotides, nucleotide triphosphates, oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, and larger nucleic acids and methods for their synthesis. Selenium derivatives of both ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids, as well as methods for their synthesis, crystallization and uses in structural determinations, particularly by X-ray crystallographic techniques are disclosed. The selenium derivatives of the present invention are also useful as food supplements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel crystal forms of an amide prodrug of gemcitabine, compositions thereof and methods for using.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stable crystal of 1-(2?-cyano-2?-deoxy-?-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine monohydrochloride. There is provided a crystal of 1-(2?-cyano-2?-deoxy-?-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine monohydrochloride having characteristic peaks at 13.7°, 15.7°, 16.0°, 18.6°, 20.3°, and 22.7° as diffraction angles (2?±0.1°) measured by powder X-ray diffraction, and having a melting point of 192° C. to 197° C.

Abstract: A drug using the magnetic properties of a metal salen complex as represented by the following general formula in order to magnetize the intended drug by chemically binding the drug to a metal salen complex so that the drug can be delivered to the target diseased site. The drug can be delivered to the diseased site using the magnetic properties of the drug per se without using a carrier made of a magnetic substance as in the conventional methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel and stereoselective synthetic process for the preparation of optically active cis-nucleoside derivatives of compound of Formula (I), wherein R3 represents H, F, Cl, C1-16 alkyl.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides 2?-C-methyl-ribofuranosyl cytidine prodrugs, methods of making 2?-C-methyl-ribofuranosyl cytidine prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions of 2?-C-methyl-ribofuranosyl cytidine prodrugs, and methods of using 2?-C-methyl-ribofuranosyl cytidine prodrugs and pharmaceutical compositions thereof to treat viral diseases such as hepatitis C.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses compositions and methods that activate P2Y receptors for the increased production of new synapses in the central nervous system. The formulations of the invention may be administered to a healthy subject or to a subject in need thereof to restore synapses.