Abstract: The invention relates to an efficient and reproducible process for generating glucosamine from plants which allows high glucosamine content to be obtained while reducing the content of residual ammonium or sulfate ions. The invention also concerns food compositions or cosmetic compositions which comprise the obtained glucosamine-enriched plant compositions.

Abstract: Essentially pure compounds of the formulas (I) to (XXV) are provided. Compositions and methods for enhancing or stimulating an immune response are also provided. The compounds, provided are advantageous in that the compounds are essentially pure and free from contaminants encountered when such compounds are purified from natural sources.

Abstract: Essentially pure compounds of the formulas (I) to (XX) are provided. Compositions and methods for enhancing or stimulating an immune response are also provided. The compounds, provided are advantageous in that the compounds are essentially pure and free from contaminants encountered when such compounds are purified from natural sources.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for treating a dental disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a modified hyaluronan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein said hyaluronan or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester comprises at least one sulfate group and the primary C-6 hydroxyl proton of at least one N-acetyl-glucosamine residue is substituted with a C1-C10 unsubstituted alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: Disclosed are chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives containing hydrazido groups directly linked to the glucuronic acid residues of HA. Said hydrazido groups are used to obtain crosslinked and labeled HA derivatives. The invention further relates to methods of preparation of said HA derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed are mutants of galactosyltransferases that can catalyze formation of oligosaccharides in the presence of magnesium; mutants of galactosyltransferases having altered donor and acceptor specificity which can catalyze formation of oligosaccharides in the presence of magnesium; methods and compositions that can be used to synthesize oligosaccharides; methods for increasing the immunogenicity of an antigen; and methods to stabilize platelets.

Abstract: ?-Lactosamine hydrochloride, substantially free of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride; a method of preparing ?-lactosamine hydrochloride monohydrate from an anomeric mixture of lactosamine hydrochloride, including: preparing a solution including the anomeric mixture of lactosamine hydrochloride, water and at least one water-miscible organic solvent at a temperature of 0-100° C., and cooling the solution to cause crystallisation of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride monohydrate; a method of preparing anhydrous ?-lactosamine hydrochloride; and use of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride as a food supplement or intermediate in synthesis.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a dermatologic condition, including, inter alia, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and seboreic dermatitis, the method includes the step of administering to a subject a compound comprising a lipid or phospholipid moiety bound to a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical product thereof, in an amount effective to treat the subject suffering from a dermatologic condition.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new compositions containing hyaluronic acid or the derivatives thereof in association with the proteolytic enzyme collagenase (and relative pharmaceutical formulations) for the preparation of a dressing for topical treatment of various kinds of wounds, burns of varying depth, pressure sores, vascular ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers as well as for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing tumor-selective targeted inhibitor glycoconjugates. These bioconjugates are ALK5 inhibitors covalently bound to biocompatible carrier molecules which selectively target and specifically bind to Muc4 that is overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types. The ALK5 inhibitors are conjugated to tumor targetable glycans through a covalent linker. Preferably the acid-labile linker is designed to be stable in plasma and releases pharmacologically active inhibitors through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in the acidic environment of the target tumor where the inhibitor activity is restored. Because the glycoconjugates are stable at physiological pH and in plasma, they advantageously reduce undesirable systemic ALK5 inhibitor activity; however, the preferable glycoconjugates are acid-labile conjugates that can be hydrolyzed upon reaching the more acid environment of the tumor.

Abstract: A 1,2-dideoxy-1,2-diamino oligosaccharide or polysaccharide in its free base, salt or metal-complex form as shown in General Formula 1 and derivative thereof is described. R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and a carbohydrate moiety, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R1, R2 or R3 is a carbohydrate moiety; R4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, optionally substituted C1-20-alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-20-alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-20-alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-10-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.

Abstract: A malleable compound according to the invention for use as a disinfectant comprises water, 25 to 40% by weight of a solvent component comprising low-molecular, water-miscible alcohols, 1 to 10% by weight of an active bactericidal component, 3 to 6% by weight hydroxypropylated polygalactomannan with an etherification level of between 0.3 and 1.5 and 0.1 to 0.5% by weight boracic acid or an equivalent amount of boron ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing targetable bioconjugates of hydralazine, a direct vasodilating agent previously shown to decrease tumor blood flow, oxygenation and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors. These bioconjugates are hydralazine prodrugs that contain hydralazine conjugated to biocompatible carrier molecules which specifically bind to sites that are expressed on a diverse variety of tumor cell types. These hydralazine prodrugs are preferably conjugated through an acid-labile hydrazone link that is designed to be stable in plasma and release hydralazine through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in the acidic environment of the target tumor. Because these prodrugs are stable at physiological pH and in plasma, they are devoid of systemic vasoactive activity; however, they are acid-labile conjugates that can be hydrolyzed upon reaching the more acid environment of the tumor where the vasoactive activity of hydralazine is restored.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polysaccharide derivative obtained by substituting some of the carboxyl groups of a carboxy polysaccharide with —NH—X—CO—Y—Z; and a hydrogel thereof. Here, X is a C1-10 hydrocarbon group, Y is a polyalkylene oxide having oxygen atoms at both ends, and Z is a C1-24 hydrocarbon group or —CO—R2, with R2 being a C1-23 hydrocarbon group. The hydrogel has excellent viscoelasticity and can be injected into a predetermined location with an injection device such as a syringe, and thus can be advantageously used as a medical gel or an adhesion barrier.

Abstract: A marker can determine whether or not a patient has a therapeutic response to an anti-cancer agent. A novel cancer therapy employs the marker. The marker can be N-acetylglucosamine, an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, lauric acid, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, 4-methylpyrazole, isobutylamine, glycolic acid, NADH, NAD+, or a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

Abstract: The present invention is provides a crosslinked hyaluronan powder excellent in swellability in water and a method for simply producing the same. A method for producing the swellable crosslinked hyaluronan powder is characterized by comprising mixing a crosslinking agent with a hyaluronan powder in a state dispersed in a liquid medium containing a monovalent alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a solubility of the hyaluronan powder of less than 0.1 g/L to cause a crosslinking reaction. Also, the swellable crosslinked hyaluronan powder produced by the method has a swelling ratio in water of 500% or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound (which can act as an adjuvant) of Formula I or Formula (II), wherein R1 R4 R5 R6 and R7 are each independently selected from hydrogen, acetyl, hydrocarbyl, a lipid moiety and a lipid acyl moiety; R2 is a hydroxyl, a hydrocarbyl, a lipid moiety, a lipid acyl moiety; or an amino hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted with a hydrocarbyl, a lipid moiety or a lipid acyl moiety; R3 and R8 are each independently selected from acetyl, a hydrocarbyl, a lipid moiety and a lipid acyl moiety; X is a peptide chain; The above normuramylglycopeptide compounds can be located in liposomes and micelles and can function as immunomodulators, along with a desired antigen (or DNA encloding the antigen), in (e.g. DNA) vaccines.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and formulations comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of joint conditions and adapted for use in a bath or soak or bath beads, powders, salts, and oils, kits, and methods of treatment using the same. Also disclosed are lozenges, suppositories, patches, and topical creams comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of joint conditions and methods of treatment using the same. In some embodiments the joint conditions include osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Novel methods of synthesis of ethylenedicysteine-sugar conjugates and therapeutic and diagnostic applications of such conjugates are disclosed. Methods of synthesizing these conjugates in high purity are also presented as using starting materials such as thiazolidine carboxylic acid. Also disclosed are methods of imaging, treating and diagnosing disease in a subject using these conjugates prepared herein, such as methods of imaging a tumor within a subject and methods of diagnosing myocardial ischemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of hemostasis, including methods, compositions, and devices that can be employed to treat wounds. More specifically the present invention relates to hemostatic compositions that reduce the need for, and cost of, nursing care of patients with chronic wounds by reducing the frequency of wound dressing changes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to purification and use of a novel emulsion stabilizing polysaccharide. In particular, a polyelectrolyte exopolysaccharide with high molecular weight comprising a high molecular weight polymer with a tri-saccharide repeating unit is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, methods are directed to isolating and purifying a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a cell supernatant. In another aspect, methods are disclosed for isolating a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a high molecular weight Acinetobacter polyelectrolyte exopolysaccharide (APE) from Acinetobacter bacteria. Compositions are also directed to lipid nanoparticles comprising a therapeutic agent encapsulated by a high molecular weight polysaccharide and nanoparticles comprising a therapeutic agent bound to a cationic polysaccharide cross-linked with a polyanion.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides or other types of polysaccharides containing pendant aldehyde groups. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions containing pendant dialdehyde groups are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method of providing a biopolymer comprises: cryodesiccating a broth, wherein the broth comprises: (A) a biopolymer, wherein the biopolymer is an exopolysaccharide; and (B) a liquid growth medium. According to certain embodiments, the biopolymer is produced by the fermentation of at least one carbohydrate via a microbe. According to an embodiment, the microbe is a bacterium. According to another embodiment, the microbe is a fungus.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating conditions associated with a chemosensory receptor, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administering a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: A process for producing a polysaccharide sponge comprises the steps of (A) freezing a photoreactive polysaccharide solution, and (B) irradiating the frozen photoreactive polysaccharide solution with light to crosslink the photoreactive polysaccharide, thereby obtaining the polysaccharide sponge. The process includes simplified steps requiring no removal of solvent, and has such an advantage that impurities are easily removed therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed are acid polysaccharides characterized by the concomitant presence of alcohol groups esterified with butyric and formic acids.

Abstract: An outer layer material having an entanglement comprising an intermingling of cloaked hydrophilic guest and a hydrophobic polymer host, wherein molecules of the guest have been crosslinked with each other. Under certain circumstances, using complexes of the guest may be desirable or even necessary. Prior to intermingling with the guest, a host blend may be produced to include a physical blend of a hydrophobic polymer host and a maleated hydrophobic co-host (preferably, an anhydride functionalized hydrophobic polymer, whereby the polymer so functionalized, is the same as that selected for the host). The intermingling of the guest and host, or host-co-host blend, includes a physical tangling, whether it also comprises crosslinking by primary bonding (e.g., chemical/covalent bonding) there-between.

Abstract: An outer layer having an entanglement comprising an intermingling of cloaked hydrophilic guest and a hydrophobic polymer host, wherein molecules of the guest have been crosslinked with each other. Under certain circumstances, using complexes of the guest may be desirable or even necessary. The intermingling of the guest and host includes a physical tangling, whether it also comprises crosslinking by primary bonding (e.g., chemical/covalent bonding) there-between. Also a method of producing an outer layer having such an entanglement, including the steps of: temporarily cloaking at least a portion of the hydrophilic groups of the guest; intermingling at least a portion of the cloaked groups with a porous polymeric structure by diffusing the guest with cloaked groups into at least a portion of the structure's pores; within the pores, crosslinking at least a portion of the molecules of the guest with the guest; and removing the cloaking. Cloaking may be performed by silylation or acylation.

Abstract: New salts or ion-pair complexes obtained by a reaction between boswellic acids or selectively enriched 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-?-boswellic acid (AKBA) or 11-keto-?-boswellic acid (KBA) compounds obtained through a new improved process, and an organic amine, more particularly with glucosamine. These salts or ion pair complexes are useful in nutraceuticals and in food supplements for anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment of joints and cancer prevention or cancer therapeutic agents. These salts or ion pair complexes could also be used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for external treatment of body parts or organs to treat inflammatory diseases or cancer.

Abstract: Preparation and use of synthetic disaccharides useful for the preparation of synthetic heparinoids.

Abstract: Described herein are polysaccharide gel formulations including at least one inhibitor of polysaccharide degradation and methods of making the same. The methods described herein involve the steps of providing at least one polysaccharide and incorporating at least one inhibitor of degradation into the polysaccharide.

Abstract: A photocrosslinked polysaccharide pseudo-sponge exhibiting a low swelling property and a high degradation ability in vivo while retaining a suitable strength. The polysaccharide pseudo-sponge is produced by a crosslinking reaction of a photoreactive polysaccharide obtained by introducing a photoreactive group into a polysaccharide, and exhibits a low swelling property and a blue dextran-low dyeaffinity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for generating glucosamine from plants wherein fresh plant materials, or re-hydrated dried plant materials or plant extracts, are heated at a temperature comprised between 70 and 110° C. for more than 10 hours, characterized in that a fertilizer acting as glucosamine precursor is added during the cultivation of the plants, before the harvest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the chemical synthesis of ?-(1->6)-linked glucosamine disaccharides of the formula (1) and (intermediate) compounds relating to the process. According to further aspects the invention relates to compositions comprising the compounds and the use of the compounds in the synthesis of disaccharides and medicine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the prevention/treatment of ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), atopy and potentially other disorders associated with loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene sequence. The prevention/therapy is based on the use of agents which enable the host's translational machinery to read through a nonsense mutation found in a mutant allele of the filaggrin gene.

Abstract: Disclosed are polysaccharides containing residues of glucosamine or galactosamine in the repetitive unit, characterized by the presence of esters on the hydroxyls or amides on the amine functions, with lipoic acid or with mixtures of lipoic acid and formic acid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating or ameliorating diseases and other conditions, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and allergies are provided. The methods employ mono- and disaccharide-based compounds for selectively stimulating immune responses in animals and plants.

Abstract: A silver nanocomposite, a formation method for forming the silver nanocomposite, and an application method utilizing the silver nanocomposite. The silver nanocomposite includes a silver nanoparticle conjugated to a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) or glucose. The formation method includes chemically reacting silver nitrate with a reducing agent to form a silver nanoparticle conjugated to the reducing agent of a GAG or glucose. The application method may include topically applying the silver nanocomposite to a wound or burn as an anti-microbial with respect to an antibiotic-resistant genotype in the wound or burn, wherein the silver nanocomposite topically applied includes the silver nanoparticle conjugated to the GAG of 2,6-diaminopyridinyl heparin (DAPHP) or hyaluronan (HA). The application method may include applying the silver nanocomposite as a coating to plastic, a catheter, or a surgical tool, wherein the silver nanocomposite applied as the coating includes the silver nanoparticle conjugated to the GAG of DAPHP.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain Aloesin derivatives with natural amino acids, peptides, and amino sugars (formula I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of glycolysis, inhibitors of protein glycosylation, anti-virals, and down-regulators of insulin receptor and IGF-1 receptor for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory dermatological diseases or proliferative dermatological diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine from Glucosamine hydrochloride. More particularly this invention pertains to a novel and simple environmentally acceptable process for producing glucosamine base solution in water, with very low halide content. Glucosamine base in solution with >95% chloride ion removal is further reacted with acylating agent to produce N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine with >99% purity and chloride content of <0.1%.

Abstract: An oligo-aminosaccharide compound formed by binding 3 to 6 saccharides, such as 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-?-(1?4)-D-glucopyranose oligomers, or a salt thereof, which has high affinity to a double-stranded nucleic acid.

Abstract: A process for sterilizing a solution comprising hyaluronic acid. The process comprises providing an aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid with a weight average molecular weight from 0.6 MDa to 3.6 MDa, and the concentration of the hyaluronic acid is from 0.04% to 0.8% by weight. The aqueous solution also has an ionic strength equivalent to an aqueous concentration of sodium chloride from 3% to 30% by weight. Once the aqueous, high salt, hyaluronic acid solution is prepared the solution is maintained at a temperature from 40° C. to 80° C. for at least 1 hour and not longer than six days. Following the heat treatment step, the aqueous solution is filtered through a sterilization filter medium to provide a sterilized high salt, hyaluronic acid solution.

Abstract: Polymers comprising glucosamine (GlcN) are used to make medical devices. Examples include polyGlcN and carrier molecules containing multiple GlcN residues.

Abstract: The present invention provides branched water-soluble polymers that allow two or more water-soluble polymers to be conjugated to another species. The branched polymers provide access to therapeutic agents that are conjugated at a single site to two or more water-soluble polymers. The branched polymers are based upon branch points that are simple branched alkyl structures, reactive side-chain amino acids and small peptides of reactive side-chain amino acids, and saccharides. Also provided is a method for preparing mono-disperse poly(ethylene glycol) of a well-defined and determinable molecular weight, and a method for the rational end-functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol). Conjugates of the branched water-soluble polymers with diverse species, e.g., peptides, lipids, glycolipids and small molecules are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel use of glucosamine or a derivative thereof. A pharmaceutical composition for treating atopic dermatitis comprising glucosamine or a derivative thereof and a method of treating atopic dermatitis using the composition are disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition and the method realize the safe treatment of atopic dermatitis without the side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of chitosan saccharified with aminosugar, adopts chitosan derivatives, aminosugar derivatives and anhydride derivatives as raw materials to synthesize target products. The process comprises: covalently bonding an anhydride derivative as a bonding arm to an aminosugar derivative, so as to form a monosaccharide derivative having an end group of carboxyl; and then covalently bonding the monosaccharide derivative having an end group of carboxyl to a primary amino group of a chitosan derivative via the carboxyl, so as to form a compound of chitosan saccharified with aminosugar.

Abstract: A branched hyaluronic acid, wherein the linear backbone comprises hyaluronic acid in which one or more N-Acetyl-Glucosamine has been deacetylated to Glucosamine, with branching sidechain(s) covalently linked to the primary amine(s) of said deacetylated Glucosamine thus forming a secondary amine(s); a precursor for producing said branched hyaluronic acid; and a method for producing said branching hyaluronic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic compounds that are active on plants, especially as legume nodulation factors, and also as plant growth stimulators, and to methods for preparing such compounds, which are of formula (I).