Abstract: Disclosed is a spray pack for use in forming a uniform, stable spray coating, comprising a spray container device and, packed therein, a spraying composition comprising a liquid dispersion medium and, dispersed therein, particulate cellulose having an average degree of polymerization (DP) of not more than 300 and an average particle diameter of not more than 10 ?m, wherein the composition has a cellulose content of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, and wherein the composition exhibits a maximum viscosity value (?max) of 1×103 mPa·s or more in the viscosity-shear stress curve obtained, with respect to the composition, using a cone-plate type rotating viscometer in a shear rate region of from 1×10?3 s?1 to 1×102 s?1 and at 25° C. A method for forming a uniform, stable spray coating by using the above-mentioned spray pack is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing cellulose ethers having delayed dissolution in water is described. The process comprises: (a) treating a moist cellulose ether with a solution comprising a dialdehyde; (b) adding an aqueous salt solution to the moist cellulose ether, such that said cellulose ether has a pH of from 6.0 to 8.0, the aqueous salt addition being performed at least one of, (i) prior to step (a), (ii) concurrently with step (a), and (iii) subsequent to step (a); and (c) drying and comminuting the treated cellulose ether of step (b). The cellulose ether, or mixtures of cellulose ethers, prepared by the method of the present invention may be used as protective colloids, thickeners and adhesives.

Abstract: A process for producing microcrystalline cellulose comprised of the steps of contacting a paper grade pulp with an alkali hydrolysis agent, washing the hydrolyzed pulp and contacting the hydrolyzed pulp with an acid hydrolysis agent and washing the acid hydrolyzed product.

Abstract: A process for producing microcrystalline cellulose. The process comprising the following steps: a) preparation of a pulp by repulping, b) pressing of the pulp obtained in a), c) decompaction of the pulp obtained in b), d) feeding of the pulp obtained in c) into a pre-heated reactor, e) cooking of the pulp at a temperature, a time and a pressure allowing to obtain a pulp having a desired degree of polymerization, f) cooling and partial controlled depressurization of the reactor by purging the reactor, followed by a water injection into the jacket and directly into the reactor, g) filtering the pulp obtained in f), h) bleaching of the pulp obtained in g), and i) drying the pulp obtained in h). The process allows the application of a controlled depressurization in step f), which in turn allows to keep the natural texture of the fibers and to obtain a cellulose having a low degree of polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer derived from a cellulosic, lignocellulosic, or polysaccharide material having superabsorbent properties. Methods for making the polymer and personal care absorbent products that incorporated the polymer are also provided.

Abstract: Process for the production of polysaccharide ethers, e.g. cellulose ethers, are disclosed wherein salts formed during the process, e.g., sodium nitrate or sodium acetate, are converted to their corresponding acids and bases by means of an electric current, preferably in combination with a bipolar membrane and suitable catiion and/or anion membranes. The acids and bases recovered from the process can be recycled, thereby avoiding the need to provide for disposal of salts.

Abstract: A film which slowly releases solids is prepared by dissolving cellulose in a solvent such as an alkali metal salt, for example L1Cl in a polar solvent such as DMAC, dispersing the solid in the solution and gelling the solution with water to form a film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lyocell multi-filament for a tire cord and a method of producing the same. The method includes i) dissolving mixed powder of cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol in a mixed solvent of N-methyl morpholine N-oxide and water to prepare a dope, ii) extruding the dope using a spinning nozzle including orifices through air gaps into a conical upper coagulation bath to solidify the dope to produce a multi-filament, iii) feeding the multi-filament through a lower coagulation bath to a washing bath, and washing the multi-filament, and iv) drying and oiling the washed multi-filament and winding the resulting multi-filament. At this time, the orifices each have a diameter (D) of 100 to 300 ?m, a length (L) of 200 to 2400 ?m, and a ratio of the length to the diameter (L/D) of 2 to 8, and are spaced apart from each other at intervals of 2.0 to 5.0 mm.

Abstract: Cellulose solvents, cellulose compositions, and methods of making and using the same. For example, a cellulose composition including cellulose dissolved in the following solvent: an amine-based composition, provided however, the amine-based composition is not ammonia; and a salt selected from the group including a thiocyanate salt, a halide salt, and a nitrate salt. Representative amine-based compositions include hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, and ethylenediamine.

Abstract: A new cellulose excipient suitable for use as a binder, filler, and/or disintegrant in the development of solid dosage forms and as a bodying agent or a drug carrier in the preparation of topical formulations is described. The cellulose excipient is formed by soaking a source of cellulose in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution. The cellulose is then regenerated, washed, and optionally hydrolyzed with a dilute mineral acid. The cellulose excipient is also useful as an aqueous dispersion in topical formulations and in the manufacture of cellulose beads.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of regenerated celluloses (RC) and (ORC) oxidized regenerated celluloses in the manufacture of scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering. The RC and ORC are biodegradable and biocompatible. The carboxyl, aldehyde, or ketone groups present on the ORC scaffold serve as sites for cell, drug, protein and/or peptide attachment or further chemical modification to induce cell adhesion and subsequent proliferation. The method of manufacture of these membrane structures is simple, and produces flexible structures that maintain their strength when hydrated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cellulose solution in an aqueous amine oxide, preferably N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide, for processing to form cellulosed moulded bodies according to the Lyocell method, whereby said solution has an increased thermal stability. Cellulose is suspended in an aqueous amine oxide and the suspension is converted into the cellulose solution. The inventive method is characterised in that the base use of the cellulose used for producing the solution and of the optionally used additives is detected in a dispersion in aqueous amine oxide solution and in that the cellulose solution is formed by adding a base quantity which matches the detected own consumption of the cellulose and optionally the additives. Cellulose solutions having a stability which is essentially independent from the provenance of the used cellulose can he formed.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for extracting bio-functional materials from biomass. The method comprises providing biomass and subjecting the biomass to substantially instantaneous pressurization and depressurization to separate bio-functional materials, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the biomass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cellulose solution in an aqueous amine oxide, preferably N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide, for processing to form cellulosed moulded bodies according to the Lyocell method, whereby said solution has an increased thermal stability. Cellulose is suspended in an aqueous amine oxide and the suspension is converted into the cellulose solution. The inventive method is characterised in that the base use of the cellulose used for producing the solution and of the optionally used additives is detected in a dispersion in aqueous amine oxide solution and in that the cellulose solution is formed by adding a base quantity which matches the detected own consumption of the cellulose and optionally the additives. Cellulose solutions having a stability which is essentially independent from the provenance of the used cellulose can be formed.

Abstract: Cellulose solvents, cellulose compositions, and methods of making and using the same. For example, a cellulose composition including cellulose dissolved in the following solvent: an amine-based composition, provided however, the amine-based composition is not ammonia; and a salt selected from the group including a thiocyanate salt, a halide salt, and a nitrate salt. Representative amine-based compositions include hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, and ethylenediamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysaccharide derivatives comprising a) at least one hydrophobic and b) at least one nitrogen-containing substituent; in particular, the derivative is a cellulose ether which, as substituent a), has a trialkylsilyl and, as substituent b), an aminoalkyl group. Furthermore, it relates to a process for immobilizing biomolecules on a coated sheet-like carrier material in which the biomolecules are attached at or in the coating and the coated sheet-like carrier material comprises within or outside the coating at least one such polysaccharide derivative. Additionally, in the process for preparing the mixed cellulose ether a solution of trialkylsilylcellulose in an organic solvent is admixed with a reactive aminoalkane derivative which is insoluble or only sparingly soluble in this solvent, the reaction is carried out and the end product is isolated.

Abstract: A method has been developed for making regenerated cellulose yarn. The method includes the steps of spinning a solution derived from cellulose or a cellulose derivative in a molten state through at least one extrusion die, then regenerating the cellulose by treating the resulting yarn, wherein a silylated cellulose derivative is prepared by reaction with a silylating agent; the silylated cellulose is extracted from the synthesis reaction medium; then spun through at least an extrusion die; and the resultant yarn treated with a desilylation agent to regenerate the cellulose and a siloxane. The resulting cellulose yarns or fibers may be used for making woven or knitted textile surfaces or non-woven surfaces. Said yarns or fibers are also useful as reinforcing fibers in elastomeric materials and more particularly, in tires.

Abstract: A cellulose dispersion which is a dispersion comprising a dispersing medium and a cellulose having a fraction of cellulose I type crystal component of not more than 0.1 and a fraction of cellulose II type crystal component of not more than 0.4 and in which the average particle diameter of the constitutive cellulose is not more than 5 &mgr;m. A cellulose particulate and a cellulose composite particulate which have an average particle diameter of 0.2 to 20 &mgr;m, a ratio of long diameter (L) to short diameter (D) observed through a scanning electron microscope (L/D) of not more than 1.2 and a coefficient of aggregation of 1.0 to 3.0. The present invention provides a cellulose dispersion which has an excellent effect such as dispersion stability or the like and is high in transparency. Moreover, it provides a cellulose particulate and a cellulose composite particulate which have such performances as no rough feel, excellent rolling properties, high dispersibility and the like.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibrids can be made by mixing together under turbulent conditions viscose and a coagulating and regenerating liquor containing preformed fibrids to form a suspension of fibrids in a spent liquor, and collecting the fibrids from the spent liquor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer derived from a cellulosic, lignocellulosic, or polysaccharide material having superabsorbent properties. Methods for making the polymer and personal care absorbent products that incorporated the polymer are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cellulose derivative having biodegradability, recycling properties, excellent mechanical strength and mold processability. The cellulose derivative is a product of a monosaccharide derivative or oligosaccharide derivative and cellulose. The monosaccharide derivative or oligosaccharide derivative is a copolymer of a saccharide and dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention concerns reactive cellulose, i.e. cellulose having in particular a very low degree of crystallinity obtainable with a high degree of purity. Said novel reactive cellulose is particularly used as raw material for making cellulose ethers. The invention is characterized in that the reactive cellulose is substituted by organic groups according to a degree of substitution, DS, of less than 0.2, preferably between 0.04 and 0.2.

Abstract: This invention describes a method of MCC production by means of the following process: first, treating a cellulose source material with an alkaline solution which induces swelling of the cellulose source material; second, addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or other peroxides to reduce viscosity; and third, separation of MCC from the suspension. The alkaline MCC obtained must thereafter be treated with an acid solution to become pH neutral. The MCC is separated and is then ready for drying, and subsequent use in commercial applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a sterile freeze-dried sponge, wherein at least 80% by weight of the sponge consists of collagen and oxidized regenerated cellulose in the weight ratio 60:40 to 40:60, wherein the sponge has a dry tensile strength of more than 3N and/or a wet tensile strength of more than 1 N. Preferably, the collagen has a degree of denaturation less than 20% and the sponge is substantially free of chemical cross-links. The invention also provides methods for the manufacture of sponges according to the invention.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the modification of polysaccharide structures using polysaccharidase binding or catalytic domains either alone or in tandem to modify the structure of polysaccharides. These methods and compositions are exemplified by the use of cellulase binding and catalytic domains to polish cotton, and to alter dying characteristics, texture and porosity of cellulose fibers.

Abstract: In the fluorinated cellulosic material obtained by a method for fluorinating a cellulosic material by reacting a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of cellulose material and lignocellulose material with at least one fluorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing olefin compound, fluorine-containing acrylate compound and fluorine-containing methacrylate compound in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst, not only the surface but also the inside of the cellulose and/or lignocellulose materials are modified and high performance of the cellulose and/or lignocellulose materials is realized.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing cellulose microspheres is proposed which is high in productivity, and takes into consideration the safety and environmental aspects. The cellulose microspheres are manufactured by mixing at least three parts by weight of a water-soluble polysaccharide with an alkaline cellulose solution containing one part by weight of cellulose to prepare a minute dispersion in which are formed minute droplets made of cellulose-rich phase, and coagulating and regenerating the minute droplets.

Abstract: The invention relates to flame-retardant regenerated celluloses which contain at least one compound of formula I: ##STR1## The subject matter of the invention is also the use of compounds of formula I as a flame-retardant agent especially for regenerated celluloses and a process for the flame-retardant finishing of regenerated cellulose which is characterized by mixing in compounds of formula I or a dispersion containing one of these compounds.

Abstract: A composition containing cellulose formate and a solvent system. At a temperature at least equal to a value T.sub.f the composition is a solution, and at a temperature appreciably less than T.sub.f the composition is an elastic, thermoreversible gel.A process for preparing a regenerated cellulose article by the transformation of this composition. Gel spinning in order to obtain a fibre or a film. A regenerated cellulose fibre having an excellent resistance to fibrillation in particular, wherein the said fibre may be a monofilament fibre.These fibres or these films may be used in textile applications or in technical applications, for example for reinforcing other articles, particularly tires.

Abstract: A method of reducing color and polymerization decay of cellulose viscose includes the step of permeating a 1,3-phenylene-bis 2-oxazoline as a polymerization anti-decay additive during dissolving a cellulose in water and a solvent to form a cellulose viscose, so as to reduce the color and the polymerization decay of the cellulose viscose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for making and using bioadhesive, bioresorbable, anti-adhesion compositions made of intermacromolecular complexes of carboxyl-containing polysaccharides and polyethers, and to the resulting compositions. The polymers are associated with each other, and are then either dried or are used as fluids. Bioresorbable, bioadhesive, anti-adhesion compositions are useful in surgery to prevent the formation of post-surgical adhesions. The compositions are designed to breakdown in-vivo, and thus be removed from the body. Membranes are inserted during surgery either dry or optionally after conditioning in aqueous solutions. The anti-adhesion, bioadhesive, bioresorptive, antithrombogenic and physical properties of such membranes can be varied as needed by carefully adjusting the pH of the polymer casting solutions, polysaccharide composition, the polyether composition, or by conditioning the membranes prior to surgical use.

Abstract: Aminated cellulose fiber obtained by adding one or more starches etherified with C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkylamines which may additionally be substituted in the alkyl moiety by 1 to 2 further hydroxyl and methoxy groups and whose amino group is a primary or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl-substituted secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino or ammonium group and having a degree of substitution between 0.1 and 3 to a viscose dope, an alkali cellulose or a cellulose solution and spinning fiber therefrom.

Abstract: Sulfonated regenerated cellulose fiber obtained by adding a modifier to a viscose dope or alkali cellulose or cellulose solution and spinning fiber therefrom, wherefor the modifier is a starch etherified with C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkylsulfonic acid radicals and having a degree of substitution of 0.1 to 3, a starch admixed with vinylsulfonic acid or a styrenesulfonic acid, or a polymeric styrenesulfonic acid or polymeric vinylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: Relating to chromatographic processes and ion-exchange and affinity matrices, a spatial installation method for a bifunctional reagent that crosslinks and/or activates a polymer matrix is disclosed, with inside-outside installation of a bifunctional reagent on and within a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix is cellulose, agarose, or chitosan particles. The installation may be followed by inside-outside ligand attachment, by further reacting the matrix with a ligand or ionic group so that a higher concentration of ligand or ionic moiety occurs on the intra-particle volume than the outer matrix surface.

Abstract: A method for producing cellulose beads which are high in sphericity and narrow in bead size distribution. Cellulose beads are produced by supplying a cellulose solution into a rotating vessel which is rotated at high speed by a rotary shaft and has outlets such as small holes and nozzles, flying droplets formed under a centrifugal acceleration of 10 to 1000 G through the outlets that have a diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 mm, and capturing the droplets with a coagulating solution to coagulate the droplets.

Abstract: The invention provides improvements in processes for film and fiber production involving precipitating cellulose from tertiary amine oxide solutions wherein a water soluble polymer is incorporated into the solution in an amount sufficient to slow precipitation of the cellulose during separation of the cellulose from the tertiary amine oxide.

Abstract: Solvent-spun cellulose filaments from a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine N-oxide and if necessary water with a strength of 50 to 80 cN/tex, an elongation at break of 6 to 25% and a specific breaking time of at least 300 s/tex.

Abstract: A process for producing cellulose solution with low viscosity of 6,000-12,000 poises is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of kneading and dissolving raw cellulose material into a solvent mixture and an anti-polymerization degrading agent to form a cellulose solution which is spun to a fiber or a film of regenerated cellulose. The characteristics of the present process are that:a. the solvent mixture consists of 40-70 wt % of N-methyl morpholine oxide (NMMO), 20-50 wt % of N-methylol caprolactam (NMC) and 5-35 wt % of tetra methyl ammonium chloride (TMAC);b. the raw cellulose material is dissolved in the solvent mixture by assistance of a thin film evaporator at 80.degree. C. and 50-150 torr; andc. the anti-polymerization degrading agent is 1000 ppm to 1% of stearyl-3(3',5'-di-ter-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.

Abstract: A composition containing cellulose formate and a solvent system. At a temperature at least equal to a value T.sub.f the composition is a solution, and at a temperature appreciably less than T.sub.f the composition is an elastic, thermoreversible gel.A process for preparing a regenerated cellulose article by the transformation of this composition. Gel spinning in order to obtain a fiber or a film. A regenerated cellulose fiber having an excellent resistance to fibrillation in particular, wherein the said fiber may be a monofilament fiber.These fibers or these films may be used in textile applications or in technical applications, for example for reinforcing other articles, particularly tires.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the modification of polysaccharide structures using polysaccharidase binding or catalytic domains either alone or in tandem to modify the structure of polysaccharides. These methods and compositions are exemplified by the use of cellulase binding and catalytic domains to polish cotton, and to alter dying characteristics, texture and porosity of cellulose fibers.

Abstract: Novel regenerated cellulose fiber dyeable with disperse dye is disclosed. In this regenerated cellulose fiber, 10 to 40 weight % of polyester fine particles or styrene-acrylic polymer fine particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 5 .mu.m are compounded. Products wherein the regenerated cellulose fiber and polyester fiber are used in combination can give dyed products excellent in homochromatic properties, and since both fibers can be dyed at the same time, the dyeing efficiency is remarkably improved.

Abstract: A process for cross-linking a cellulose hydrate membrane by use of a water-soluble diepoxide in an alkaline solution. The membrane so produced is highly resistant to attack by alkalis, acids and cellulases, and is readily regenerable by alkaline cleaning.

Abstract: A method for treating cellulose with cellulose ester for use in various paper products involves reacting cellulose and an acid anhydride to form a cellulose ester-carboxylic acid solution. Acetic anhydride may be used as the acid anhydride, and a cellulose acetate-acetic acid solution may formed as the resulting cellulose ester-acetic acid solution. The cellulose acetate-acetic acid solution is diluted in a mixer, with additional acetic acid. Bulk cellulose is milled into cellulose fibers, and the diluted cellulose acetate-acetic acid solution diluted is combined with the cellulose fibers to achieve a treated fiber. Excess cellulose acetate-acetic acid solution is removed from the treated fiber and recycled to the mixer used in dilution. The treated fiber is water washed followed by removing water from the washed treated fiber. This product can then be used in paper making to produce a sheet for circuit boards, laminated products, and various paper products.

Abstract: The invention relates to the prehydrolysis of lignocellulose by passing an acidic or alkaline solution through solid lignocellulosic particles with removal of soluble components as they are formed. The technique permits a less severe combination of pH, temperature and time than conventional prehydrolysis. Furthermore, greater extraction of both hemicellulose and lignin occurs simultaneously in the same reactor and under the same conditions.

Abstract: Aminated cellulosic synthetic fibers are produced by adding an amine-substituted cellulose derivative to a viscose or an alkali cellulose and spinning fibers by the viscose spinning process, or by adding said cellulose derivative to a cellulose solution and spinning fibers from said solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing viscose pulp from lignocelluloses, such as hardwood, softwood or annual plants, in which process the lignocellulose is treated in a digester at first with saturated steam to prehydrolyze hemicelluloses and subsequently, without flashing, with hot black liquor (HSL) of a preceding sulfate pulp digestion as well as, if desired, under addition of fresh white liquor (WL) to neutralize the acidic reaction products formed, neutralization liquor (NL) thus being formed in the digester. Upon addition of the amount of alkali required for delignification in the form of fresh white liquor (WL), if desired, in combination with a displacement of neutralization liquor (NL) and temperature adjustment, digestion then will take place with or without temperature gradient.

Abstract: Disclosed are small particles of cellulose which are useful for liquid chromatography supports, and the like. Disclosed are methods for making small, substantially spherical bodies with a near complete absence of irregularities, holes, cracks, and the like. This is made possible by a new process wherein the coagulation of viscose is carried out before any regeneration is allowed to begin. This method is of general utility applying also to the production of rayon fiber and cellophane film.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulosic fibers are delustered by the incorporation therein of hollow beads, suitably spherical beads of a diameter between 1.5 and 0.25 microns which have water permeable walls.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the production of cellulose molded bodies. This process has the following steps:(A) dissolving cellulose in an aqueous solution of a tertiary amine-oxide to produce a moldable cellulose solution,(B) molding said cellulose solution and conducting said molded cellulose solution into an aqueous precipitation bath, wherein the cellulose is precipitated, thus producing a molded body and a spent precipitation bath, and(C) purifying said spent precipitation bath by contacting said precipitation bath with an ion exchanger, thus producing a purified aqueous amine-oxide solution which, optionally after concentration, is re-used again in step (A) as a cellulose solvent. In this process, the ion exchanger comprises a cellulose carrier which has attached groups which are capable of exchanging ions.

Abstract: Bead-shaped cellulose products and a process for the manufacturing of such ead-shaped porous cellulose products provide improved characteristics, particularly a hydrophilic, reversibly expandable cellulose matrix with a pore structure that can be adjusted within wide ranges in a targeted manner while non-specific mutual reactions are simultaneously suppressed by biomacromolecules.