Having -c(=x)-, Wherein X Is Chalcogen, Bonded Directly To Ring Carbon Of The Phthalocyanine Ring System (e.g., Tetracarboxy Copper Phthalocyanine, Etc.) Patents (Class 540/129)
  • Patent number: 8808439
    Abstract: A water-soluble phthalocyanine dye or naphthalocyanine dye with near-infrared absorption comprises at least one complexed unit. Each unit comprises a phthalocyanine or a naphthalocyanine moiety and a metal atom complexed thereto and having a valency of at least three, with two valencies complexed to the phthalocynanine ring or the naphthalocyanine ring, each unit joined to another through a fused ring, at least one valency attached to water-soluble axial ligands. The dyes to may be employed in inkjet inks in conjunction with colorants.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 31, 2009
    Date of Patent: August 19, 2014
    Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
    Inventors: Sivapackia Ganapathiappan, Jayprakash Bhatt
  • Patent number: 8795422
    Abstract: The present disclosure includes naphthalocyanine dyes or fused naphthalocyanine dyes represented by one of the general structures I to XV; inkjet ink formulations including the naphthalocyanine dyes; and a detection system (300) including the dyes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 2009
    Date of Patent: August 5, 2014
    Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
    Inventors: Sivapackia Ganapathiappan, Jayprakash C. Bhatt
  • Patent number: 8784548
    Abstract: A water-soluble phthalocyanine dye or naphthalocyanine dye with near-infrared absorption comprises at least one complexed unit. Each unit comprises a phthalocyanine or a naphthalocyanine moiety and, optionally, a metal atom complexed thereto and, if present, having a valency of from 1 to 5, with two valencies complexed to the phthalocyanine ring or the naphthalocyanine ring. Each unit has two linker moieties on opposite sides or adjacent sides of the unit, wherein water-soluble groups are present on at least one of the linkers, on the metal atom, and optionally on the phthalocyanine or naphthalocyanine moiety.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 31, 2009
    Date of Patent: July 22, 2014
    Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
    Inventors: Sivapackia Ganapathiappan, Jayprakash Bhatt
  • Patent number: 8778073
    Abstract: A phthalocyanine dye with extended conjugation includes one or both of a phthalocyanine component and a naphthalocyanine component and at least one water soluble substituent on an aryl group of the phthalocyanine dye. The extended conjugation of the phthalocyanine dye includes at least one benzene moiety of the component being one of (a) joined to an aryl group either indirectly using an alkylene linkage or directly, (b) joined to a benzene moiety of another of the components to form an oligomer of the components, and (c) a combination of (a) and (b). The extended conjugation shifts absorption of the phthalocyanine dye to greater than 800 nm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 2008
    Date of Patent: July 15, 2014
    Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
    Inventors: Sivapackia Ganapathiappan, Zhang-Lin Zhou, Jayprakash C. Bhatt
  • Publication number: 20130178508
    Abstract: A highly moisturizing cosmetic composition having firmness/elasticity-improving effect, wrinkle-improving effect, and texture-improving effect can be provided by blending a metal phthalocyanine derivative or salt thereof in a cosmetic material. For the metal phthalocyanine derivative, iron phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid is particularly favorable.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 29, 2011
    Publication date: July 11, 2013
    Applicants: DAIWABO HOLDINGS CO., LTD., DAIWABO NEU CO., LTD., I'FORET CO., LTD.
    Inventors: Hirofusa Shirai, Tomiko Iwama, Hisanaga Tsuiki
  • Patent number: 8202358
    Abstract: Phthalocyanine dyes, naphthalocyanine dyes, and/or bridged phthalocyanine/naphthalocyanine dyes represented by one of the general structures I to XVII, inkjet ink formulation comprising said dyes, and detection systems using said dyes are disclosed and described.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 2, 2009
    Date of Patent: June 19, 2012
    Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
    Inventors: Sivapackia Ganapathiappan, Jayprakash C. Bhatt
  • Publication number: 20120137928
    Abstract: A water-soluble phthalocyanine dye or naphthalocyanine dye with near-infrared absorption comprises at least one complexed unit. Each unit comprises a phthalocyanine or a naphthalocyanine moiety and a metal atom complexed thereto and having a valency of at least three, with two valencies complexed to the phthalocynanine ring or the naphthalocyanine ring, each unit joined to another through a fused ring, at least one valency attached to water-soluble axial ligands. The dyes to may be employed in inkjet inks in conjunction with colorants.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 31, 2009
    Publication date: June 7, 2012
    Inventors: Sivapackia Ganapathiappan, Jayprakash Bhatt
  • Publication number: 20110149393
    Abstract: This invention relates to polycyclic organic compounds of a general structural formula (I): wherein Y is a predominantly planar polycyclic system being at least partially aromatic, W1, W2, and W3 are different groups providing solubility in an organic solvent, and sum n1+n2+n3 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, which are capable of forming supramolecular structures in a wide range of organic solvents, and which are capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation in at least one subrange of the visible spectral range.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 4, 2009
    Publication date: June 23, 2011
    Applicant: Crysoptic KK
    Inventors: Alexey Nokel, Pavel I. Lazarev
  • Publication number: 20110054166
    Abstract: An acylated phthalocyanine of the formula: wherein, R1 and R2 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy and acyl radicals of the formulae —COR and —CRHOH, whereby 1-4 of the 8 R1 and R2 radicals are selected from the group consisting of —COR and —CRHOH, and if R1 or R2 on a benzene ring is selected from —COR or —CRHOH, then the other respective R1 or R2 radical on the benzene ring is hydrogen, R is CH3(CH2)n— where n is 0-15, M is at least one of Mg, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Pd or Sn, alkyl is CnH2n+1 where n is 7-14, and alkoxy is OCnH2n+1 where n is 6-15.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 25, 2010
    Publication date: March 3, 2011
    Applicant: KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE
    Inventors: TEODOR SILVIU BALABAN, Mihaela Carmen Balaban
  • Patent number: 7842801
    Abstract: Phthalocyanine dyes of general formula (II) and, in particular, of general formula (III) wherein R1-R8, R9-R12, Me, M, m, n, o and p are as described in the specification, are excellent photosensitizers for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for photodynamic therapy or photo diagnostics.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 17, 2008
    Date of Patent: November 30, 2010
    Assignee: ILFORD Imaging Switzerland GmbH
    Inventors: Kurt Baettig, Damien Moigno
  • Patent number: 7632345
    Abstract: Phthalocyanine dyes of general formula (II) and, in particular, of general formula (III) wherein R1-R8, R9-R12, Me, M, m, n, o and p are as defined in the specification, are excellent dyes for dying and printing cellose containing materials and textile materials, and especially, for the preparation of inks for ink jet printing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 13, 2007
    Date of Patent: December 15, 2009
    Assignee: Ilford Imaging Switzerland GmbH
    Inventors: Kurt Baettig, Gérald Jan
  • Publication number: 20090155177
    Abstract: Phthalocyanine dyes of general formula (II) and, in particular, of general formula (III) wherein R1-R8, R9-R12, Me, M, m, n, o and p are as described in the specification, are excellent photosensitizers for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for photodynamic therapy or photo diagnostics.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 17, 2008
    Publication date: June 18, 2009
    Inventors: Kurt Baettig, Damien Moigno
  • Publication number: 20080199732
    Abstract: A dendritic molecule represented by Formula 3: where Pc is metal phthalocyanine represented by Formula 2: where M is a core metal of the dendritic molecule; n is an integer in the range of 1 to 50; each of the Xs is a bivalent linking group independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, CH2, CO, SO2 and NHCO; and each of the Rs is independently selected from the group consisting of CN, COOH, SO3H and PO3H. The dendritic molecule containing metal phthalocyanine is dissolved in an organic solvent, and thus can be used to easily form a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer using solution deposition. The hole injection layer comprising the dendritic molecule containing metal phthalocyanine has good adhesion to an electrode and improved hole injection ability. The organic light emitting diode including the hole injection layer exhibits high luminance and emitting efficiency.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 28, 2007
    Publication date: August 21, 2008
    Inventors: Tae-Woo Lee, Jong-Jin Park, Lyong-Sun Pu, Masa-Aki Kakimoto
  • Publication number: 20080108593
    Abstract: An allergen decomposer which contains as an active ingredient a derivative of metal phthalocyanine represented by the following formula (I) (M is a metal selected among iron, cobalt, manganese, titanium, vanadium, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, and osmium).
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 29, 2004
    Publication date: May 8, 2008
    Applicants: Shinshu TLO Co., Ltd, Daiwabo Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Hirofusa Shirai, Seigo Higaki, Hisanaga Tsuiki, Yasuji Sugihara
  • Patent number: 7018456
    Abstract: A metal phthalocyanine compound that is useful as a black colorant suitable for use in an ink-jet recording ink, a water-based ink composition containing the metal phthalocyanine compound, and a product colored with the metal phthalocyanine compound. In particular, a metal phthalocyanine compound having, as substituents, both an acylamino group and a carboxyethylamino group on the phthalocyanine structure, or the salt thereof is used as a black colorant. Recorded images formed by the use of this colorant are excellent in light fastness and water fastness and exhibit absorption in infrared and visible regions, so that highly effective utilization can be found in printing of, for example, bar codes which are available in near-infrared ray reading.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 5, 2003
    Date of Patent: March 28, 2006
    Assignee: Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Yoshinori Katoh, Isao Yamaguchi
  • Patent number: 6790576
    Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a dispersing agent for a pigment capable of finely dispersing a pigment in a dispersion medium. The present invention provides a dispersing agent for a pigment comprising at least a metallic compound having a specific structure with a central metal capable of taking a penta-coordinated structure, and n-electron-donating compound having affinity for the dispersion medium and capable of being coordinated with the central metal of the metallic compound.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 10, 2003
    Date of Patent: September 14, 2004
    Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Norikazu Fujimoto, Hitoshi Itabashi
  • Publication number: 20040132990
    Abstract: Mixtures of metallocenyl phthalocyanines obtainable by reacting a mixture A comprising two phthalocyanines (I) and (II) with a metallocene derivative in the presence of a catalyst, and also oligomeric metallocenyl phthalocyanines, processes for preparing them, their use for, inter alia, optical recording and optical recording media.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 10, 2003
    Publication date: July 8, 2004
    Inventors: Jurgen Beyrich, Rudolf Blattner, Jean-Luc Budry, Wolfgang Freitag, Colin Morton, Gerald Anthony Murphy, Beat Schmidhalter, Michael Schulz, Heinz Spahni, Christian Stern, Annemarie Wolleb, Heinz Wolleb, Roland Zoelper
  • Publication number: 20030187250
    Abstract: Provided is a solubility-controallable compound being soluble in a solvent due to a solvent-philic group thereof, of which solubility in the solvent is irreversibly lowered when the group is removed by retro-Diels-Alder reaction.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 6, 2003
    Publication date: October 2, 2003
    Applicant: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Takayuki Ishikawa, Teigo Sakakibara, Daisuke Miura, Hidemitsu Uno, Noboru Ono
  • Publication number: 20030044707
    Abstract: A dispersing agent for a pigment, comprising a specific compound having a structure wherein a phthalocyanine type molecular skeleton which is adsorptive on the pigment and an oligomer unit or polymer unit which prevents re-agglomeration of the pigment to bring out the effect of dispersion are covalently bonded, and having affinity for a medium or a solvent. Also disclosed are a pigment-dispersion composition containing the dispersing agent, a toner prepared using a pigment having been treated with the dispersing agent, and a process for producing such a toner.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 6, 2002
    Publication date: March 6, 2003
    Inventor: Hitoshi Itabashi
  • Patent number: 6508873
    Abstract: Phthalocyanine compounds of Formula (1) have utility as colorants in inks for ink-jet printing, where Formula (1) represents: MvPc(COR1)4  Formula (1) in which: M represents a metal or H; Pc represents a phthalocyanine nucleus; R1 represents OR2; or NR3R4; where R2, R3 and R4 independently represent H or optionally substituted C1-30carbyl; and v is the valence of Pc divided by the valence of M; provided than R1 is other than amino.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 21, 2003
    Assignee: Avecia Limited
    Inventors: Andrew Paul Shawcross, Gavin Wright
  • Patent number: 6221137
    Abstract: Phase change inks containing at least one colorant that comprises at least one metal phthalocyanine tetraamide chromogen, at least one metal phthalocyanine tetraester chromogen, or mixtures thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 18, 1999
    Date of Patent: April 24, 2001
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Clifford R. King, Donald R. Titterington, Jeffrey H. Banning
  • Patent number: 6087492
    Abstract: This invention relates to a phthalocyanine or its metal complex of a divalent metal, oxometal, halogenometal or hydroxymetal, which comprises at least one unsubstituted or substituted formyl, carbonyl, hydroxymethyl or carboxyl group which as attached at the peripheral carbon skeleton.These phthalocyanines or their derivatives are used in recording layers of optical recording media.There is also claimed a novel process for the preparation of some of these compounds corresponding to formula III ##STR1## wherein M is a divalent metal, oxometal, halogenometal or hydroxymetal, or 2 hydrogen atoms,X is halogen, or 2 X in vicinal position on a phenyl ring form together a --C.dbd.C--C.dbd.C-- bridge so that an additional phenyl ring is obtained,Y is --OR.sub.1, --OOC--R.sub.2, --NHR.sub.1, --N(R.sub.1)R.sub.2 or --SR.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 9, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 11, 2000
    Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
    Inventor: Heinz Wolleb
  • Patent number: 5883245
    Abstract: The present invention provides a deodorizer consisting of the water-soluble metallophthalocyanine represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein, "Met" is a central metal, X is an acidic group or alkali metal salt thereof, m and p are respectively an integer of from 1 to 15, and m+p is not more than 16. The deodorizer shows excellent deodorizing ability for an aldehyde-origin odor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 2, 1997
    Date of Patent: March 16, 1999
    Assignee: Orient Chemical Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Yasuhiro Yamasaki, Tatsuto Yamashita
  • Patent number: 5618929
    Abstract: Substituted phthalocyanines of a formula (I) ##STR1## wherein M is a metal atom or a metal halide or oxide, or M is 2H, one H being bonded to each of the bonding N atoms (29 and 31 positions) shown, R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are the same or different and are independently selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, --X--COO--X.sup.1, --X--O--Y, .alpha., and --X--COZ where X is independently selected from a chemical bond, (--CH.sub.2).sub.n where n=0-20 or (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.dbd.CH (--CH.sub.2).sub.b where a and b are independently selected from 0-20 and a+b is in the range 0-20, X.sup.1 is independently selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, Y is independently selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl or H and Z is selected from OH or NR.sup.1 R.sup.11 where R.sup.1 and R.sup.11 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl and C.sub.2 -C.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 7, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 8, 1997
    Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Brittanic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
    Inventors: Kenneth J. Harrison, Michael J. Cook, Andrew J. Thomson, Neil B. McKeown, Mervyn F. Daniel, Adrian J. Dunn
  • Patent number: 5569758
    Abstract: A process for preparing metal-free phthalocyanines which can carry up to 16 halogen atoms, cyano groups, carboxyl groups, sulfo groups, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl groups and/or aryl radicals as substituents by reductive cyclization of ortho-phthalodinitrile substituted ortho-phthalodinitriles or mixtures thereof comprises effecting the cyclization in C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene monoglycols, oligoglycols or polyglycols, their mono-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or -aryl ethers or their mixtures in the presence of an aromatic compound of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents X can be identical or different and each denotes hydroxyl, mercapto, amino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, the substituents Y can likewise be identical or different and each denotes halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxycarbonyl, m is from 1 to 4 and n is from 0 to 5, subject to the proviso that m+n .ltoreq.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 16, 1994
    Date of Patent: October 29, 1996
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Ingo Klopp, Peter B ottcher, Ulrich Frick, Otto Schiller
  • Patent number: 5438135
    Abstract: Water-soluble tetraazaporphins with novel structure is suitable as a fluorochrome for labeling and provides a reagent usable for fluorescence analysis process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 5, 1992
    Date of Patent: August 1, 1995
    Assignee: Hitachi Chemical Company
    Inventors: Seiji Tai, Mitsuo Katayose, Hiroo Watanabe
  • Patent number: 5380842
    Abstract: Phthalocyanine compounds represented by the below-described formula are suitable for use in the fabrication of color filters. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.16 represent a group represented by the below-described formula, H or a halogen atom, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 represent an alkyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino or aryloxyl, arylthio group or --COOR.sup.17, R.sup.17 being a particular monovalent group, H or a halogen atom; and Met represents a metal atom. ##STR2## wherein X and Z represent O or S, R.sup.18, R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 represent H or an alkyl group, A, B and D represent a connecting group, n and l is an integer of 0-10, m, q, t, u, r and w are an integer of 0-2, and p is 0 or 1.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 22, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 10, 1995
    Assignees: Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated, Yamamoto Chemicals, Incorporated
    Inventors: Hisato Itoh, Akio Karasawa, Kenichi Sugimoto, Takahisa Oguchi, Shin Aihara
  • Patent number: 5302709
    Abstract: A layered double hydroxide intercalated with a metal complex of a polyaryl compound is described. A preferred complex is porphin or phthylocyanine. The metals are preferably selected from Group VII-B and Group VIII cobalt and iron triads. The resulting LDH metal complexes are useful for the oxidation of oxidate compounds such as thiols and phenols.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 25, 1992
    Date of Patent: April 12, 1994
    Assignee: Board of Trustees operating Michigan State University
    Inventors: Thomas J. Pinnavaia, Elena M. Perez-Bernal, Ricardo Ruarno-Casero, Malama Chibwe
  • Patent number: 5219706
    Abstract: There are disclosed a novel naphthalocyanine derivative represented by the general formula [I] or [II] shown below, a process for preparing said derivative, an optical information recording medium using said derivative, and a process for preparing thereof: ##STR1## wherein M is a metal, metal oxide, metal hydroxide and the like, R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1-22 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 aryloxy group and the like.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 21, 1992
    Date of Patent: June 15, 1993
    Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
    Inventors: Seiji Tai, Shigeru Hayashida, Nobuyuki Hayashi, Yasushi Iwakabe, Shunichi Numata, Noriyuki Kinjo, Susumu Era, Setsuo Kobayashi, Akio Mukoh, Yoshio Sato
  • Patent number: 5053464
    Abstract: A polyurethane containing a metal phthalocyanine in the main chain is a novel compound and can be divided into two groups; one of which is a linear polymer and the other of which is a cross-linked polymer. This substance is useful as a redox catalyst due to the peculiar properties of the metal phthalocyanine. The polyurethane can be prepared by reacting a metal phthalocyanine polycarboxylic acid with thionyl chloride to obtain a metal phthalocyanine polycarboxylic acid polychloride; synthesizing a metal phthalocyanine polyhydroxy ester from the metal phthalocyanine polycarboxylic acid polychloride and a diol: HO--R.sup.1 --OH through a dehydrochlorination; and then addition-condensation-polymerizing the resulting metal phthalocyanine polyhydroxy ester, a diol: HO--R.sup.2 --OH and a diisocyanate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 1990
    Date of Patent: October 1, 1991
    Assignee: Hirofusa Shirai & Nisshinbo Industries, Inc.
    Inventors: Hirofusa Shirai, Naomi Masuda, Tatsuya Hongu, Nobuhisa Tsutsumi
  • Patent number: 4960538
    Abstract: Disclosed are near-infrared absorbents comprising 1,2-naphthalocyanine derivatives wherein the four naphthalene rings contained in the molecule independently have 1 to 6 substituents. Also disclosed is the use of these near-infrared absorbents in optical recording media, near-infrared absorption filters and display materials.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 20, 1988
    Date of Patent: October 2, 1990
    Assignees: Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc, Yamamoto Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: Hisato Itoh, Takahisa Oguchi, Katashi Enomoto, Masakatsu Nakatsuka, Tsutomu Nishizawa
  • Patent number: 4784736
    Abstract: The preparation of a novel class of thin film membranes by interfacial polymerization is disclosed, said membanes incorporating as part of their polymeric structure the functionality of monomeric or oligomeric precursors. Specific embodiments include porphyrin and phthalocyanime derivatives that are photochemically or electrochemically active, as well as chemically asymmetric membranes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 7, 1986
    Date of Patent: November 15, 1988
    Assignee: Bend Research, Inc.
    Inventors: Harold K. Lonsdale, Carl C. Wamser
  • Patent number: 4783386
    Abstract: Provided is an optical information recording medium and a method of recording information thereon. The information layer of the recording medium comprises an anthracyanine or phenanthracyanine chromophore compound. In a preferred embodiment, the chromophore is substituted with at least one substituent conferring film forming properties to the chromophore, e.g., a monomer or oligomeric substituent comprised of acid, amide or ester units. The resulting information layer exhibits strong absorption in the range of from about 780-850 nm. Employing an anthracyanine or phenanthracyanine chromophore substituted with a film forming substituent further offers the advantages of a single component material exhibiting good thermomechanical properties.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 12, 1987
    Date of Patent: November 8, 1988
    Assignee: Hoechst Celanese Corporation
    Inventors: David E. Nikles, R. Sidney Jones, Jr., James E. Kuder