Abstract: A process for the preparation of titanyl phthalocyanine Type I which comprises the reaction of titanium tetraalkoxide and diminoisoindolene in the presence of a halonaphthalene solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of titanyl phthalocyanine which comprises the reaction of a titanium tetraalkoxide and diiminoisoindolene in the presence of a halonaphthalene solvent; dissolving the resulting Type I titanyl phthalocyanine in a haloacetic acid and an alkylene halide; adding the resulting mixture slowly to a cold alcohol solution; and thereafter isolating the resulting Type X titanyl phthalocyanine with an average volume particle size diameter of from about 0.02 to about 0.5 micron.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine comprising contacting dichlorotitanium phthalocyanine, dibromotitanium phthalocyanine or a mixture of them with at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of aromatic nitro compounds, nitrogen-containing cyclic ethers, aromatic amines, alcohols containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, lactams, acid amides, nitriles, alkyl sulfoxides, substituted phenols and non-substituted phenols in association with water.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of titanyl phthalocyanine Type X which comprises dissolving titanyl phthalocyanine Type I in a solution of trifluoroacetic acid and methylene chloride; adding the resultant solution to a solvent enabling precipitation of Type X titanyl phthalocyanine; separating the titanyl phthalocyanine Type X from the solution; followed by a first washing with an organic solvent and a second washing with water; and thereafter a solvent treatment with fluorobenzene.

Abstract: Strong, transparent and readily dispersible copper phthalocyanine pigments are obtained by grinding the crude pigment in the presence of from 1 to 10% by weight (based on the crude pigment) of an organic liquid at from 90.degree. to 140.degree. C., the pigment forms obtained giving printing inks with very good flow characteristics.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a photoconductive pigment having a small particle size, a polymorph of a pigment is produced by a conversion process wherein a seed amount of the desired polymorph of the pigment and a larger amount of another polymorph of the pigment are subjected to a liquid jet interaction process.

Abstract: Disclosed are various titanyl phthalocyanine polymorphs such as Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type Z-1, Type Z-2, and Type X, which phthalocyanines can be prepared by dissolving a titanyl phthalocyanine in a solution of trifluoroacetic acid and a chlorinated hydrocarbon. There is then added to the resulting solution a solvent that will enable precipitation of the titanyl phthalocyanine. Subsequently, the titanyl phthalocyanine product can be separated from the solution by, for example, filtration and the product titanyl phthalocyanine obtained can be washed to remove any residual solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of titanyl phthalocyanine which comprises the reaction in a solvent of phthalonitrile and diiminoisoindoline with titanium tetraalkoxide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phthalocyanine composites which comprises adding a metal free phthalocyanine, a metal phthalocyanine, a metalloxy phthalocyanine or mixtures thereof to a solution of trifluoroacetic acid and a monohaloalkane; adding to the resulting mixture a titanyl phthalocyanine; adding the resulting solution to a mixture that will enable precipitation of said composite, and recovering the phthalocyanine composite precipitated product.

Abstract: Oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a crystal form characterized by main peaks specified by Bragg angles (2.sigma..+-.0.2 degree) of 9.0 degrees, 14.2 degrees, 23.9 degrees and 27.1 degrees in X-ray diffraction pattern based on CuK.alpha. characteristic X-rays. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal provides an electrophotosensitive member showing a high and stable photosensitivity for long-wavelength light as well as a stable chargeability even after photoirradiation.

Abstract: A stable .alpha.-type titanyl phthalocyanine composition including an .alpha.-type titanyl phthalocyanine and a metal-free phthalocyanine is disclosed having a wide range of absorption wavelengths and high in spectral sensitivity. The method for making the phthalocyanine composition is carried out by pigmenting a concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing at least titanyl phthalocyanine by an acid paste process. The concentrated sulfuric acid solution is poured into water to produce an .alpha.-type titanyl phthalocyanine composition which is stable to withstand the impact of aging. Also disclosed is an electrophotographic sensitive material which includes a sensitive layer having the .alpha.-type titanyl phthalocyanine composition superposed on an electroconductive substrate. This electrophotographic sensitive material excels in its charging property and its dark attenuation property and exhibits high sensitivity and low residual potential.

Abstract: A polymorph of a phthalocyanine, designated M-phthalocyanine or M-metal phthalocyanine, has spectroscopic properties different from those of any of known crystalline polymorphs of phthalocyanine, the polymorph having been prepared in an environment of at most 0.1 G. In a further aspect, a process is disclosed for preparing novel organic films comprising a closed chamber physical vapor transport (PVT) in a low gravity environment.Films of novel polymorphs have a surface roughness factor in the range of greater than 1.000000 and less than 1.000010, a density of at least 50 percent increase over anypolymorph of the same molecules produced in unit gravity, and in which at least 50 weight percent of the molecules of said film have a common uniaxial orientation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine showing a distinct diffraction in peak at a Bragg angle (2.theta..+-.0.2.degree.) of 27.3.degree. in the X-ray diffraction spectrum, which comprises mechanically pulverizing oxytitanium phthalocyanine, dispersing it in water to form a suspension, adding an organic solvent into the suspension and heating the suspension.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing titanyl phthalocyanine that has a maximum intensity peak of the Bragg angle 2.theta. at 27.3.degree..+-.0.2.degree. with respect to characteristic X-rays of Cu K.alpha. at a wavelength of 1.541.ANG. and which has a maximum intensity peak of 6.8.degree..+-.0.2.degree. in the 2.theta. range of 6.degree.-8.degree. is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a copper phthalocyanine pigment which comprises adding a dry ground mixture of crude copper phthalocyanine containing 0.1 to 20% by weight of a crystal growth inhibitor to a 50 to 90% by weight aqueous solution of sulfuric acid to obtain a sulfuric acid slurry of the dry ground mixture, adding water to the slurry to form a precipitate and recovering it to obtain pigment grade copper phthalocyanine. The copper phthalocyanine pigment prepared according to the present invention is usable in coating materials, inks or plastics.

Abstract: A polymorph of a phthalocyanine, designated M-phthalocyanine or M-metal phthalocyanine, has spectroscopic properties different from those of any of known crystalline polymorphs of phthalocyanine, the polymorph having been prepared in an environment of at most 0.1 G. In a further aspect, a process is disclosed for preparing novel organic films comprising a closed chamber physical vapor transport (PVT) in a low gravity environment.Films of novel polymorphs have a surface roughness factor in the range of greater than 1.000000 and less than 1.000010, a density of at least 50 percent increase over any polymorph of the same molecules produced in unit gravity, and in which at least 50 weight percent of the molecules of said film have a common uniaxial orientation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing titanyl phthalocyanine in a crystalline state that has a maximum intensity peak of the Bragg angle 2.theta. at 27.2.degree..+-.0.2.degree. crystal planes corresponding to diffraction lines at 9.6.degree..+-.0.2.degree., 11.7.degree..+-.0.2.degree. and 24.2.degree..+-.0.2.degree. in a diffraction spectrum obtained with characteristic X-rays of Cu K.alpha. at a wavelength of 1.541 .ANG., and that also has an aggregated state such that a visible and near infrared absorption spectrum has a maximum absorption in the range of 780-860 nm, said photoreceptor further containing an ethylene copolymer resin and/or a polyamide resin in an intermediate layer provided between a light-sensitive layer and an electroconductive layer or an electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: A new crystal form of a titanyl phthalocyanine compound is provided. This crystal form shows characteristic strong absorption peaks at 1,332.+-.2 cm.sup.-1, 1,074.+-.2 cm.sup.-1, 962.+-.2 cm.sup.-1 and 783.+-.2 cm.sup.-1 in an infrared absorption spectrum and/or characteristic strong peaks at 27.2.degree., 9.7.degree. and 24.1.degree. of Bragg's angle 2.theta. in an X-ray diffraction spectrum and has very good dispersibility and stability in a solvent and also very good photoelectric conversion efficiency and so is very useful particularly as a charge generation agent highly sensitive in a semiconductor laser wavelength region as required in a photosensitive material for a highspeed high-definition printer. Such crystal form can be obtained by treating non-crystalline titanyl phthalocyanine with tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for electrophotography containing a titanyl phthalocyanine compound which has major peaks in terms of Bragg's 2.theta. angle to the CuK.alpha. characteristic X-ray (wavelength at 1.541 .ANG.) at least at 9.4.+-.0.2 degrees, 11.7.+-.0.2 degrees, 11.7.+-.0.2 degrees, 15.0.+-.0.2 degrees, 23.5.+-.0.2 degrees, 24.1.+-.0.2 degrees and 27.3.+-.0.2 degrees is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides an optical semiconductor material comprising: (1) a noncrystalline titanium phthalocyanine compound which does not show substantial X-ray diffraction peak in X-ray diffraction chart, (2) a pseudo-noncrystalline titanium phthalocyanine compound which shows broad X-ray diffraction peaks at Bragg angles of 6.9.degree., 15.5.degree., 23.4.degree. and 25.5.degree. measured by using CuK.alpha. beam and (3) an assembly of said noncrystalline titanium phthalocyanine compound and pseudo-noncrystalline titanium phthalocyanine compound. Further, this invention provides an electrophotographic plate comprising an electrically conductive substrate, and a charge-generating layer and charge-transferring layer on the electrically conductive substrate, characterized in that the charge-generating layer contains the above noncrystalline and/or pseudo-noncrystalline titanium phthalocyanine compound(s).

Abstract: A polyhalogenated pigment crude is combined with a heterocyclic organic liquid in which the pigment is only "slightly stable", and the resulting mixture is mixed under high shear conditions to produce a pigmentary product.

Abstract: Alpha-phase phthalocyanine pigment crystals are produced as substantially 100 percent isometric crystals by first activating a phthalocyanine pigment crude, followed by combining the activated crude with water and a surfactant, whereby a mixture is formed. The mixture is then milled so that a pigment slurry is formed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation and conditioning of organic pigments, which comprises the use of at least one tricyclodecane alcohol or tricyclodecene alcohol.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing oxytitanium phthalocyanine is provided wherein the condensation reaction of o-phthalodinitrile with titanium tetrachloride is effected in an organic solvent at 170.degree. to 300.degree. C. followed by hydrolysis, the improvement wherein said organic solvent is preliminarily heated at a temperature of 160.degree. to 300.degree. C. prior to initiation of the condensation reaction. The A form of oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal can selectively be produced in the pure state.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing vanadyl phthalocyanine for electrophotographic devices comprising reacting vanadium pentoxide and phthalonitile to form vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment and other reaction products, separating crude vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment from the other reaction products, washing the crude vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment, drying the crude vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment, mixing the crude vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment with a solution of between about 60 percent and about 80 percent by weight of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to form a H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 -vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment mixture, diluting the H.sub.2 SO.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing phthalocyanine pigment which exhibits excellent flow characteristics when dispersed in solvent type inks comprising the steps ofI. mixing in a high shear mixer(a) premilled copper phthalocyanine crude pigment,(b) tri-(diethylamino-methylene) copper phthalocyanine or an organic salt thereof, and(c) a phase director andII. digesting the mixture in water or an aqueous mineral acid solution.

Abstract: Near infrared sensitive photoconductive elements are made from fluorine-substituted titanylphthalocyanine pigments which can be dispersion coated.

Abstract: Pigmentary copper phthalocyanine is prepared by converting crude copper phthalocyanine by methods known per se in the presence of trichlorophenoxy copper phthalocyanine. The resulting pigment is heat resistant and solvent resistant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine which shows intense diffraction peaks at Bragg angles (2.theta..+-.0.2.degree.) of 9.3.degree., 10.6.degree., 13.2.degree., 15.1.degree., 15.7.degree., 16.1.degree., 20.8.degree., 23.3.degree., 26.3.degree. and 27.1.degree. in the X-ray diffraction spectrum, the intensity of the diffraction peak at Bragg angle of 26.3.degree. being most strong and the intensity of the diffraction peaks at Bragg angles between 4.degree.-8.degree. being less than 5% of the intensity of the diffraction peak at Bragg angle of 26.3.degree.. Further, disclosed is a photoreceptor for use in electrophotography, comprising at least a charge carrier generation layer in which the oxytitanium phthalocyanine above is dispersed in a binder polymer and a charge carrier transport layer laminated thereon.

Abstract: Cyanometallophthalocyanine crystals which are organic electroconductive crystals are produced by electrolysis of an electrolyte containing an alkali salt of dicyanometallophthalocyanine. Organic electroconductive crystals of better quality are produced by causing the cyanometallophthalocyanine crystals mentioned above to incorporate therein an electron accepting compound and an electron donating compound as doping substances.