Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovasular disorders and CNS disorders.

Abstract: Novel quinazoline inhibitors of endothelin converting enzyme are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical compositions of the same, which are useful in treating elevated levels of endothelin and in controlling hypertension, myocardial infarction and ischemia, metabolic, endocrinological, and neurological disorders, congestive heart failure, endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, subarachnoid hemorrhage, arrhythmias, asthma, acute and chronic renal failure, cyclosporin-A induced nephrotoxicity, angina, gastric mucosal damage, ischemic bowel disease, cancer, pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, atherosclerotic disorders including Raynaud's disease and restenosis, cerebral ischemia and vasospasm, and diabetes.

Abstract: Quinazoline compounds represented by general formula (1) or (2) possess an activity of significantly inhibiting the production or secretion of a tumor necrosis factor and are useful as drugs for the treatment of diseases wherein a tumor necrosis factor is considered to be involved in causing those diseases: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 through R.sup.

Abstract: This invention provides bicyclic carboxylic esters and amides, their pharmaceutical formulations, and a method for their use in treating migraine, emesis, gastrointestinal disorders, schizophrenia, or anxiety in mammals.

Abstract: Compounds of this formula ##STR1## are useful for treating or preventing, obesity, breast cancer, osteoporosis, endometriosis, cardiovascular disease and prostatic disease.

Abstract: Antipsychotics and ischemic cerebral disease therapeutics comprising as an effective ingredient a compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2): ##STR1## or a salt thereof. These drugs do not induce extrapyramidal side effects.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl; optionally substituted arylsulphonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulphonyl, optionally substituted aralkylsulphonyl, optionally substituted heteroaralkylsulphonyl, nitro, cyano, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkylthio, C.sub.1-4 alkanoyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, alkylaminosulphonyl or dialkylaminosulphonyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a linking chain-(CH.sub.2).sub.m Op (wherein m is 2 to 4 and p is zero or 1) which chain may be optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups; and Y represents a group selected from (a) or (b) wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently represent hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: To provide a compound which exhibits a serotonin antagonism and an acetylcholine release accelerating activity at a well-balanced activity ratio. An aminobenzoic acid derivative represented by the general formula (I) or (II) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a group represented by the formula: ##STR2## {wherein A represents a group represented by formula --CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 -- (wherein X represents O, >N--R.sup.6 or >CHR.sup.7 (wherein R.sup.6 represents lower alkyl and R.sup.7 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy)), etc.; D and E each represents a group represented by formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, etc., and R.sup.2 represents lower alkyl. etc.}; R.sup.9 represents alkynyl; R.sup.10 represents amino, etc.; R.sup.11 represents halogen; R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 each represent lower alkyl; a is an integer of 1 to 5; and b is an integer of 0 to 5!.

Abstract: The invention relates to bridged aza-bicyclic derivatives of formula (I). These compounds are useful in the treatment of inflammatory and central nervous system disorders, as well as other disorders. Also disclosed are intermediates used in the synthesis of compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds ##STR1## where G is ##STR2## and Z is oxygen or sulfur and the remaining variables are as defined in the Specification. The compounds are useful as stimulants of the cognitive function of the forebrain and hippocampus of mammals and especially in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, severe painful conditions and glaucoma.

Abstract: This invention provides bicyclic carboxylic esters and amides, their pharmaceutical formulations, and a method for their use in treating migraine, emesis, gastrointestinal disorders, schizophrenia, or anxiety in mammals.

Abstract: The thieno[3.2-b]pyridine derivative of the present invention promote the gastric emptying in male ddy mice and the gastric contraction in dogs sutured with a strain-gauge transducer. It is believed that the derivatives have the action to enhance gastric motor action and gastric emptying. Therefore, the compound of the present invention are effective for the prevention and therapeutical treatment of the symptoms caused by gastric hypanakinesis, such as heartburn, abdominal distension feeling, anorexia, unpleasant feeling on upper abdomen, abdominalgia, nausea, vomiting, etc. caused by the underlying diseases such as acute and chronic gastritis, stomach and duodenum ulcer, gastroneurosis, gastroptosis, etc. The present invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition containing as the effective ingredient a compound of the present invention, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrazines, pyridazines or pyrimidines, or salts or prodrugs thereof, substituted on one of the ring carbon atoms thereof with a non-aromatic azacyclic or azabicyclic ring system; and independently substituted on each of the other ring carbon atoms with a substituent of low lipophilicity or a hydrocarbon substituent; which compounds stimulate central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and therefore are useful in the treatment of neurological and mental illnesses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a group of new annelated indolo [3,2-c] lactam derivatives of the formula ##STR1## having an antagonistic activity on 5-HT receptors. The compounds can be used for the treatment of symptoms which are caused by excessive stimulation of said receptors in the gastrointestinal system, the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and for alleviating or preventing withdrawal symptoms which are induced by abuse of drugs.

Abstract: A class of pyrazine, pyrimidine and pyridazine derivatives, substituted by a non-aromatic azabicyclic ring system and optionally by up to two further substituents, is of use in the preparation of medicaments, especially formulations adapted for topical administration to the eye, suitable for the treatment of glaucoma and/or for reducing intraocular pressure.

Abstract: Novel compounds of formula (I), a process for their preparation, and their use as pharmaceutical agents are described: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents ##STR2## in which each of p and q independently represents an integer of 2 to 4, r represents an integer of 2 to 4, s represents 1 or 2 and t represents 0 or 1;R.sub.2 is a group OR.sub.4, where R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-4 alkynyl, a group OCOR.sub.5 where R.sub.5 is hydrogen or R.sub.4, or a group NHR.sub.6 or NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 where R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently C.sub.1-2 alkyl; andR.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, subject to the proviso that when R.sub.2 is a group OCOR.sub.5 or a group NHR.sub.6, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl.

Abstract: Aryl ureas and carbamic acid derivatives of formulaA--NHCW--Y--Band pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof whereinA is a specified aromatic radical including 3,5-dichlorophenylW is O or SY is NH or O andB is a specified saturated azacyclic ring, e.g. tropan-3-yl or quinuclidin-3-yl,possess 5-HT.sub.3 -antagonistic activity and are, for example, useful in treatment of migraine, emesis, anxiety, gastro-intestinal disorders and as anti-psychotics.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein L is NH or O;X and Y are independently selected from hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, or together are a bond;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl, or together are C.sub.2-4 polymethylene;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-7 acyl, C.sub.1-7 acylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonylamino, N-(C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonyl)-N-C.sub.1-4 alkylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphinyl, hydroxy, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, aminosulphonylamino or N-(aminosulphonyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkylamino optionally N-substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups or optionally N-disubstituted by C.sub.

Abstract: Novel compounds of formula (I), processes for their preparation, and their use as pharmaceutical agents are described: ##STR1## in which X represents a group ##STR2## wherein one of Y and Z represents nitrogen and the other represents CR where R is selected from halogen, CN, OR.sup.1, SR.sup.1, N(R.sup.1).sub.2, NHR.sup.1, NHCOR.sup.1, NHCOOCH.sub.3, NHCOOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, NHOR.sup.1, NHNH.sub.2, COR.sup.1, COR.sup.2, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-4 alkynyl or C.sub.1-2 alkyl substituted with OR.sup.1, N(R.sup.1).sub.2, SR.sup.1, CO.sub.2 R.sup.1, CON(R.sup.1).sub.2 or one or two halogen atoms, in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-2 alkyl and R.sup.2 is OR.sup.1, NH.sub.2 or NHR.sup.1 ; and each of p and q independently represents an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## (wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and Y have the meanings indicated in the description), a process for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them as active ingredient are described.Compounds of formula I exhibit anto-serotonin activity.

Abstract: Aroyl ureas and carbamic acid derivatives of formulaA--CO--NHCW--Y--Band pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof whereinA is a specified aromatic radical including optionally substituted phenylW is O or SY is NH or S andB is a specified saturated azacyclic ring, eg tropan-3-yl or quinuclidin-3-yl,possess 5-HT.sub.3 -antagonistic activity and are, for example, useful in treatment of migraine, emesis, anxiety, gastro-intestinal disorders and as anti-psychotics.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## in which X represents R.sub.1 OOC-- in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl or C.sub.2-4 alkynyl; R.sub.2 O-- in which R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-2 alkyl, C.sub.1-2 alkylcarbonyl or aminocarbonyl optionally substituted by one or two methyl groups;a group ##STR2## in which Y represents a 3-membered divalent residue completing a 5-membered aromatic ring and comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, any amino nitrogen optionally substituted by a C.sub.1-2 alkyl group, Y being optionally C-substituted by a methyl group; or a group ##STR3## in which A.sub.1 is oxygen or sulphur, one of A.sub.2 and A.sub.3 is CR.sub.3 and the other is nitrogen or CR.sub.4 where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl; and each of p and q independently represents an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: Novel 1-azabicycloalkane- and alkene-oximes (Ia) and 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane- and octene-oximes (Ib) are provided, these compounds being useful as agents for treating pain or for treating the symptoms of senile cognitive decline. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treatment using the compounds in dosage form.

Abstract: This invention provides bicyclic carboxylic esters and amides, their pharmaceutical formulations, and a method for their use in treating migraine, emesis, gastrointestinal disorders, schizophrenia, or anxiety in mammals.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein: j is 0 or 1;q is 0, 1 or 2;p is 0 and r is 2 or 3, orp is 1 and r is 2;X is O, S, SO or NR where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.1-10 carboxylic acyl;Y is NH; or O when R.sub.1 is hydrogen;either R.sub.1-6 alkoxy and one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen and the other two are selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkylithio, C.sub.1-7 acyl, C.sub.1-10 carboxylic acylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkyl S(O)n wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl or aminosulphonyl optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups any of which phenyl moieties may be substituted by one or two groups selected from halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; or R.sub.1 is hydrogen and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein: j is 0 or 1;q is 0, 1 or 2;p is 0 and r is 2 or 3, orp is 1 and r is 2;X is O, S, SO or NR where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.1-10 carboxylic acyl;Y is NH; or O when R.sub.1 is hydrogen; either R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen and the other two are selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-7 acyl, C.sub.1-10 carboxylic acylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkyl S(O) n wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl or aminosulphonyl optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups any of which phenyl moieties may be substituted by one or two groups selected from halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; or R.sub.1 is hydrogen and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: Carbocyclic and heterocyclic carbonylmethylene- and carbonylmethylpiperidines and -pyrrolidines are serotonin antagonists.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein L is NH or O;X is N or CR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;Y is N or CR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonyl, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphinyl, C.sub.1-7 acyl, cyano, C.sub.1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1-7 acylamino, hydroxy, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl, or aminosulphonyl, optionally N-substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, and C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl or disubstituted by C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 polymethylene; phenyl or phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl group optionally substituted in the phenyl ring by one or two of halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or C.sub.1-6 alkyl groups;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, or halogen;Z is a group of formula (a), (b) or (c): ##STR2## wherein n is 2 or 3; p is 1 or 2; q is 1 to 3; r is 1 to 3; andR.sub.5 or R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein: Het is monocyclic heteroaryl having two adjacent carbon atoms, a and b, depicted in formula (I); p1 R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkyl and C.sub.1-6 Alkoxy;R.sub.3 is hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-7 alkenyl-methoxy, phenoxy or phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkoxy in which either phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or two C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or halo; CO.sub.2 R.sub.6 wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 or SO.sub.2 NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl or together are C.sub.4-6 polymethylene, NO.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.m OR.sub.9 wherein m is 1 or 2 and R.sub.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or S(O).sub.n R.sub.10 wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 and R.sub.10 is C.sub.

Abstract: The dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and substituted benzoic acid alkylene bridged piperidyl amides and esters are serotonin M antagonists.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein: n is 1, 2, or 3; and m and p are independently 1 or 2 such that m+n+p.gtoreq.4;X is NH; or O when Ar is of formula (a) and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or when Ar is a heteroaromatic group which may be substituted;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, which phenyl moieties may be substituted by C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or halogen;Ar is a group: ##STR2## wherein either R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and one of R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 is hydrogen and the other two are selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-7 acyl, C.sub.1-10 carboxylic acylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkyl S(O)n wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl or aminosulphonyl optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein L is NH or O;X is a moiety capable of hydrogen bonding to the NH group depicted in formula (I);R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-7 acyl, C.sub.1-7 acylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonylamino, N-(C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonyl)-N-C.sub.1-4 alkylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphinyl, carboxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, aminosulphonylamino or N-(aminosulphonyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkylamino optionally N-substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups or optionally N-disubstituted by C.sub.4-5 polymethylene; andZ is a group of formula (a), (b) or (c) ##STR2## wherein n is 2 or 3; p is 1 or 2; q is 1 to 3; r is 1 to 3; and R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-7 alkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: The dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and substituted benzoic acid alkylene bridged piperidyl amides and esters are serotonin M antagonists.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.12 is a leaving group, Z is S, O or CH.sub.2 and A is a phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl ring substituted by a ##STR2## moiety, in which R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are various substituents or, when taken together with the nitrogen, may be a specified heterocyclic ring, are intermediates in the preparation of histamine H.sub.2 -antagonist anti-ulcer agents of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are any of several specified substituents.

Abstract: Antibacterial compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a pharmaceutically aceptable cation, or alkyl; A is CH, CF, CCl or N; Y is alkyl, haloalkyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, methoxy, N-methylamino, p-fluorophenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl or p-aminophenyl; or A is carbon and is taken together with Y and the carbon and nitrogen to which A and Y are attached to form a five to seven membered ring which is optionally substituted; and R.sup.2 is a bridged-diazabicycloalkyl group.

Abstract: A compound of formula (XXII): ##STR1## or a compound of formula (XXIII): ##STR2## wherein in formula (XXIII), j.sup.1 -1 is 1 to 4; and Q.sub.6 and Q.sub.7 are on the same carbon atom; and wherein, in formulae (XXII) and (XXIII), Q.sub.6 is NH.sub.2 and Q.sub.7 is H, and either p is 0 to 2 and q is 1; or p is 1 and q is 0 to 3; and one of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl --C.sub.1-3 alkyl, which phenyl moieties may be substituted by C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, CF.sub.3 or halogen; and the other of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof, or a solvate of any of the foregoing: ##STR1## wherein p is 0 to 2; q is 0 to 3; j is 0 to 4;one of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C.sub.1-3 alkyl, which phenyl moieties may be substituted by C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, CF.sub.3 or halogen;and the other of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; andA is of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF.sub.3 C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-7 acyl, C.sub.1-7 carboxylic acylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonylamino, N-(C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonyl)-N-C.sub.1-4 alkylamino, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonyl, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphinyl, hydroxy, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, aminosulphonylamino or N-(aminosulphonyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkylamino optionally N-substituted by one or two groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.