Abstract: 1,4-Dihydropyridines of the formula ##STR1## in which n is 0,1 or 2, andR.sup.1 to R.sup.7 can have a wide variety of meanings, which possess inotropic action, and many of which are new, are useful in increasing the influx of Ca.sup.++ into cells, particularly in combatting coronary and vascular diseases, hypertension swelling in the mucous membranes and diseases involving increased blood sugar or an incorrect salt and fluid balance.

Abstract: The gaseous mixture resulting from the catalytic reaction of 3-methylpyridine with ammonia and oxygen is treated with water to recover 3-cyanopyridine. The treatment takes place in two steps. In the first step there is used a temperature of about 30.degree. to 60.degree. C. and in the second step at a temperature about 10.degree. to 30.degree. C. lower than in the first step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of amidinourea and amidinothiourea compounds wherein the urea nitrogen atom is substituted by a heterocyclic alkylene group, and their use in pharmaceutical preparations which are useful for producing anti-ulcerogenic, antisecretory, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, anesthetic, anti-arrhythmic, antidiarrheal and antiparasitic action.

Abstract: Novel bicyclooxyphenyl ureas, such as 1-(bicyclooxyphenyl)-benzoyl ureas, are provided which exhibit pesticidal activity. The compositions are conveniently prepared by reacting an isocyanate with either an amide or a bicyclooxyaniline.

Abstract: This invention relates to new liquid crystal dihydrophenanthrene substances for utilization in electro-optical devices for the modulation of light as well as the representation of numerals, signs and images. It has been found that new liquid-crystal 7-n-alkyl-8, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2-carboxylic acid esters of the general formula ##STR1## alone, in mixture with each other and/or in mixtures with other liquid crystal or non liquid crystal substances, yield good results when they are used in electro-optical components.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the novel 2-(((substituted pyridinyl)carbonyl)amino)ethyl esters of 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid and their method of preparation. The compounds are prepared by reacting an appropriately substituted pyridinol, pyridinethiol, aminopyridine, or hydroxyalkyloxypyridine with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate in an appropriate solvent in the presence of an activating agent. These compounds may be utilized as herbicides, fungicides, or both.

Abstract: The novel compounds of this invention are pyridinyl cyano carbonates corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein: R is alkyl or aryl of up to 20 carbons;X is hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, R or OR; andn is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: The novel compounds of the formula I are useful selective herbicides for postemergence application in crops of cereals, maize and rice.In formula I, ##STR1## A is an unsubstituted or substituted amino group, Q is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene bridge, Y is an oxygen or sulfur atom or an unsubstituted or substituted nitrogen atom, and Z is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic radical, which phenyl radical, containing the bridge member Y, can additionally carry one to four further substituents.

Abstract: 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## having vasodilating and anti-hypertensive activity, processes for preparing same, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: Novel substituted (3-loweralkylamino-2-R.sub.1 O-propoxy)pyridines, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, certain intermediates and their preparation are disclosed. These pyridines have pharmaceutically useful properties such as .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity.

Abstract: Diphenylalkanoether and diphenylalkanone oxime-ether derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an aryl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylamino, amino, benzyloxy, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino and N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl-N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkanoylamino, Z.sup.1 is a group of the formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or an ar(C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present application discloses certain 2-substituted propoxy-3-cyano-5-hydroxypyridines. The compounds have pharmaceutical activity e.g. as antihypertensives.

Abstract: A 2-substituted-5-trifluoromethylpyridine compound represented by Formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and Y is a cyano group or a carboxy group, provided that Y is a cyano group, then X is a halogen atom, or a salt thereof, and a process for the production of the same. This compound is useful as an intermediate for the production of various fine chemicals.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-or 6-cyano or cyano(lower)alkyl-4-phenyl or (substituted phenyl)1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates and derivatives which have vasodilating and hypertensive activity, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions for containing same and for methods of treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: Aromatic nitriles can be produced in high yields by ammoxidation of an alkyl-substituted aromatic compound in the presence of a catalyst containing oxides of (1) vanadium, (2) antimony and (3) at least one of uranium and chromium, even when concentration of the starting aromatic compound in the starting gas is high or mixing ratio of ammonia to the starting aromatic compound is reduced to the neighborhood of the stoichiometric equivalent.

Abstract: In a new method of producing 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid 3,4,5,6-tetrachloropicolinonitrile is reacted with ammonium hydroxide, preferably at about 130.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. The free acid is precipitated upon acidification of the reaction mixture and may be recovered therefrom.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of a cyclic polyether compound and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of an alkylene oxide derivative and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dihydropyridine derivative and a salt thereof. More particularly, it relates to a new dihydropyridine derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which have vasodilating and anti-hypertensive activities, to processes for the preparation thereof, and to pharmaceutical composition comprising the same for therapeutical treatment of cardiovascular disorder and hypertension in human being.

Abstract: Iminobenzyl dihydropyridines of the formula ##STR1## wherein, each R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, sulfonamido, halogen, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cyano, hydroxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, alkylmercapto, alkylamino, alkanoylamino, carbalkoxyamino, carboxy, methanesulfonyl, carbalkoxy or trifluoromethyl;each R.sub.4 is lower alkoxy;each R.sub.2 is lower alkyl;and R.sub.3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic or ##STR2## wherein R is as previously defined; have anti-hypertensive activity.

Abstract: Novel substituted (3-loweralkylamino-2-R.sub.1 O-propoxy)pyridines, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, certain intermediates and their preparation are disclosed. These pyridines have pharmaceutically useful properties such as .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a straight or branched chain alkynyl group containing from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, inclusive; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, cyano, (lower)alkyl, (lower)alkoxy, halogen or amino; n is 2 or 3; X is NR.sup.3 or CHR.sup.3 ; R.sup.3 is cyano, nitro, SO.sub.2 Ar; or SO.sub.2 (lower)alkyl; R.sup.12 is hydrogen or (CH.sub.2).sub.p NR.sup.13 R.sup.14 ; p is an integer of from 1 to 4, inclusive; R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkyl; and Ar is phenyl or phenyl containing 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen and (lower)alkyl; and nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are potent anti-ulcer agents.

Abstract: 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## having vasodilating and anti-hypertensive activity, processes for preparing same, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: Vanadia supported on a silica-alumina or gamma-alumina support in an amount to provide a vanadia to support weight ratio ranging from about 0.3:1 to about 3:1 substantially entirely within the pores of the support, the vanadia having been placed in molten form substantially within the pores of a support having a surface area greater than about 50 m.sup.2 gram, a porosity greater than about 0.4 cc/gram which further includes an alkali metal, with the vanadium metal to alkali metal mole ratio being from 2:1 to 30:1. At least a portion of the alkali metal is preferably in the form of alkali metal vanadate. The catalyst is used for the production of nitriles from a compound containing at least one alkyl group.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a straight or branched chain alkynyl group containing from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, inclusive; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, cyano, (lower)alkyl, (lower)alkoxy, halogen or amino; n is 2 or 3; X is NR.sup.3 or CHR.sup.3 ; R.sup.3 is cyano, nitro, SO.sub.2 Ar; or SO.sub.2 (lower)alkyl; R.sup.12 is hydrogen or (CH.sub.2).sub.p NR.sup.13 R.sup.14 ; p is an integer of from 1 to 4, inclusive; R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkyl; and Ar is phenyl or phenyl containing 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen and (lower)alkyl; and nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are potent anti-ulcer agents.

Abstract: Plant growth and suppression regulators of the N-(2-substituted-4-pyridyl)urea and thiourea type are provided, which exhibit excellent cytokinin-like activities and are thus useful for regulating plant growth in various fashions, such as acceleration of growth when used in flowering or fruiting at a controlled time when used in small amounts, and controlling compositions such as sugar, alkaloids, etc. of plants, or suppression of plant growth when used in an amount higher than optimal for growth acceleration, etc.

Abstract: A phenoxyalkene derivative having the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, ##STR2## and Y and Z are the same or different and respectively represent a hydrogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, nitro group or cyano group; R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and R.sub.2 represents carboxyl, hydroxymethyl, allyloxycarbonyl, a lower alkoxycarbonyl, a lower haloalkoxycarbonyl, a S-lower alkylthiocarbonyl, carbamoyl, a N-lower alkylcarbamoyl or a N-phenylcarbamoyl group is produced by reacting a phenol compound having the formula ##STR3## with a dihalogen compound having the formula ##STR4## wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined above and X.sub.1 represents a halogen atom and X.sub.2 and X.sub.

Abstract: (Dichloromethyl) substituted pyridines are prepared from (trichloromethyl) substituted pyridines by the reaction thereof under reductive dechlorination conditions with metallic iron or a ferrous iron compound and an acid.

Abstract: Water-insoluble monoazo dyes of the formula ##STR1## produced by reacting a diazotized amine of the benzene, naphthalene, diphenyl, diphenylmethane or heterocyclic series which is free from water solubilizing groups with the appropriate 6-hydroxy-2-pyridone and the utility thereof for the dyeing and printing of synthetic fabric materials to yellow to red shades having excellent fastness to light and sublimation.

Abstract: Waste water recovered from a nitrile production effluent, containing ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide and water soluble polymers is stripped of ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide to produce an aqueous stream containing the water soluble polymer. At least a portion of this stream is introduced into a steam scrubber to generate steam therefrom, with scrubber bottoms and any remaining water from the stripping operation being introduced into a reboiler to provide steam for the stripping and an aqueous concentrate of the water soluble polymer. Heat for the reboiler can be provided by indirect heat transfer with steam from the scrubber which produces a condensate suitable as feed water for steam generation.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of a compound of the formula ##STR1## comprising reacting in the presence of a basic nitrogen compound at elevated temperature phosphorus oxychloride with a compound of the formula ##STR2## in the molar ratio of phosphorus oxychloride to hydroxypyridine of 1:1 to 1.3:1 whereinR.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, carbalkoxy having 2 to 5 total carbon atoms, carbalkoxymethyl having 3 to 6 total carbon atoms or substituted phenyl having a substituent selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano and nitro and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, cyano, nitro or acetyl.

Abstract: Azo pyridone dyestuffs containing at least one reactive phosphoric or phosphonic acid group. The dyestuffs are characterized by the formula:A -- N .dbd. N -- Rwherein A is an aromatic radical containing at least one phosphoric or phosphonic acid group and R is a monovalent radical derived from a pyridone coupling component by removing a hydrogen atom attached to a ring carbon atom of the pyridone ring. The aromatic radical A is preferably a phenyl or naphthyl group. In addition to its phosphonic or phosphoric acid group or groups, radical A may be substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid groups. Cellulosic textiles, e.g., cotton or cotton/polyester blends, may be reactively dyed with these dyestuffs in an acid, neutral or alkaline bath using dicyandiamide or the equivalent. The phosphoric or phosphonic acid groups and the cellulosic material react to fix the dye through an ester linkage.

Abstract: The new amino derivatives of pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine carboxylic esters and acids have the general formula ##STR1## They are useful as analgesic, anti-inflammatory agents and central nervous system depressants. In addition, this type of compound increases the intracellular concentration of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.

Abstract: A dyestuff of the formula ##STR1## where D is a chromophoric residuen is 1 or 2Z is ##STR2## where R is H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkyl substituted by OH, OSO.sub.3 H, CN or SO.sub.3 H or is phenyleach hal independently represents a chlorine or fluorine atom occupying one of the remaining 2-, 4- and 6-positions of the pyridine nucleusX is F, Cl, CN or NO.sub.2Y is H, F, Cl, CN or NO.sub.2.These dyestuffs reactively dye cellulose at low temperatures and are less prone to "acid bleeding" than some known reactive dyes.

Abstract: Certain sulfonamido pyridines, pyrimidines, benzothiazoles and oxazoles, metal complexes thereof and solutions of said compounds in essentially water-immiscible, liquid hydrocarbon solvents are disclosed. The sulfonamide compounds have the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined in the specification and claims hereof. Particular metal values are recovered from their aqueous solutions by using heterocyclic sulfonamide compounds dissolved in essentially water-immiscible, liquid hydrocarbon solvents. The extraction process generally comprises contacting the metal value containing aqueous solution with the solution of the sulfonamide compound in an essentially water-immiscible liquid hydrocarbon solvent and stripping the metal values from the loaded organic phase.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is mono- or di-substituted amino, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl, allyl and benzyl; unsubstituted, mono-substituted or di-substituted pyrrolidino, piperidino, hexamethyleneimino, morpholino, piperazino, thiomorpholino, 1-oxido-thiomorpholino or 1,1-dioxido-thiomorpholino, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of methyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyl, phenyl and benzyl; 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridino; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolino; indolino; or 3,6-ethylene-hexamethyleneimino;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl or benzyl; andR.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;and non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The compounds as well as their salts are useful as antiphlogistics and antithrombotics.

Abstract: A process for dequaternizing a 2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl or 2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl quaternary salt of a pyridine or bipyridine base comprising the step of heating or reacting the pyridylethyl quaternary salt with a caustic material such as sodium hydroxide. Also included is a process for preparing a second pyridine base (or a bipyridine base) in which a first pyridine base is initially selected and its 2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl or 2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl quaternary salt or its acid salt prepared. An electrophilic, nucleophilic or coupling reaction can then be performed on the quaternary salt to change the substituent or to form the bipyridyl coupling and the resultant salt dequaternized with a caustic material, such as sodium hydroxide, to produce a second pyridine or a bipyridine base.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-alkyl nicotinoids and improved methods for producing them.

Abstract: Trisaminopyridines of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by reacting a pyridinium salt of the formula ##STR2## with an organic amine having the formula R.sub.3 NH.sub.2 at a temperature of 110.degree. C. to 130.degree. C.;in whichX is --CN, --CONQ.sub.1 Q.sub.2 or --COOQ.sub.3 ;R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or aryl;R.sub.1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl;Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl; or conjointly with the nitrogen atom form a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic structure; andQ.sub.3 is alkyl or aralkyl.Where X is --CONQ.sub.1 Q.sub.2 or --COOQ.sub.3, the --CN group in the starting pyridinium salt is subsequently converted in the known manner to --CONQ.sub.1 Q.sub.2 or --COOQ.sub.3. The trisaminopyridines are useful as intermediates for preparation of azo dyestuffs by coupling with diazo components in the known manner.

Abstract: Novel cyano substituted (3-loweralkylamino-2-R.sub.1 O-propoxy)pyridines, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their preparation are disclosed. The pyridines are vasodilators having antihypertensive activity of rapid onset and extended duration and reduced tendency to cause undesirable tachychardia; they are also .beta.-adrenergic blocking agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. More particularly, it relates to new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives thereof which have vasodilating and anti-hypertensive activity, to processes for the preparation thereof, and to pharmaceutical composition comprising the same for therapeutical treatment in cardiovascular diseases and hypertension in human being.

Abstract: A treatment to alleviate the symptoms of psoriasis consisting of topical application of a cream, ointment or lotion containing, as the principal active ingredient, one or more 6-substituted nicotinamides and or 2-substituted pyrazinamides is disclosed. The therapeutic composition may include a single member of the above active ingredients present in a total amount of from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of the total composition, or a plurality thereof present in a preferred concentration range of from 0.02 to 2 percent by weight of the total composition. Topical application of the therapeutic composition in a cream, ointment, or a water or alcohol solution has been found to achieve from substantial to complete remissions of psoriasis in humans.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted diphenylmethyl picolinic acids, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides and esters thereof. The compounds disclosed are useful as topical anti-acne agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic nitriles which comprises reacting an organic carboxylic acid with an aromatic o-dinitrile whereby the nitrile of the acid is obtained with cyclic imide by-product and the imide by-product is converted to dinitrile and recycled to the reaction.