Abstract: Compounds useful as allosteric potentiators/positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4 (mGluR4) and methods of using the compounds.

Abstract: A method of reducing antifungal drug resistance in which Hsp inhibitors, such as Hsp90 inhibitors, are used.

Abstract: To provide novel carboxamides which exhibit an excellent pesticidal activity as pesticides. Carboxamides represented by the following Formula (I) and use thereof as pesticides and an animal parasite control agent: wherein each substituent is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention discloses and claims a series of substituted N-phenyl-pyrrolidinylmethylpyrrolidine amides of formula (I). Wherein R, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as described herein. More specifically, the compounds of this invention are modulators of H3 receptors and are, therefore, useful as pharmaceutical agents, especially in the treatment and/or prevention of a variety of diseases modulated by H3 receptors including diseases associated with the central nervous system. Additionally, this invention also discloses methods of preparation of substituted pyrrolidinylmethylpyrrolidine amides and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: Compounds useful as allosteric potentiators/positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4 (mGluR4) and methods of using the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and reagents for oligonucleotide synthesis and purification. One aspect of the present invention relates to compounds useful for activating phosphoramidites in oligonucleotide synthesis. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing oligonucleotides via the phosphoramidite method using an activator of the invention. Another aspect of the present invention relates to sulfur-transfer agents. In a preferred embodiment, the sulfur-transfer agent is a 3-amino-1,2,4-dithiazolidine-5-one. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a phosphorothioate by treating a phosphite with a sulfur-transfer reagent of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the sulfur-transfer agent is a 3-amino-1,2,4-dithiazolidine-5-one. Another aspect of the present invention relates to compounds that scavenge acrylonitrile produced during the deprotection of phosphate groups bearing ethylnitrile protecting groups.

Abstract: Novel carboxamides of the formula (I) The present application is further directed toward a plurality of processes for preparing these compounds and their use for controlling unwanted microorganisms, and also novel intermediates and their preparation.

Abstract: Methods for preparing an ammonium salt and a lithium salt of a fluorinated bis-sulfonylimide by a practical and efficient method with a high yield with a small number of steps. Further, a high purity ammonium salt of a fluorinated bis-sulfonylimide useful for the method for producing a lithium salt is provided. A method for producing a purified particulate solid (II) of a salt represented by the formula (1), which comprises suspending a particulate solid (I) of a salt represented by the formula (1) in a solvent comprising an etheric oxygen atom-containing compound, and separating the solvent by filtration: [HNR3]+[Q1-SO2—N—SO2-Q2]???(1) wherein each of R's which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a C1-10 alkyl group, and each of Q1 and Q2 which are independent of each other, is a monovalent fluoroorganic group, or Q1 and Q2 together form a bivalent fluoroorganic group.

Abstract: The use of N-formamidino-5-amino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones, 5-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones, and derivatives thereof as novel, efficient sulfur-transfer reagents is disclosed. Sulfur transfer from these reagents to compounds containing a P(III) atom (e.g., triphenylphosphine, 5?-O-DMT-thymidine 2-cyanoethyl-(N,N-diisopropyl)phosphoramidite, and 5?-O-DMT-3?-O-levulinyl dithymidilyl 2-cyanoethyl phosphite), was studied in solution by 31P NMR and HPLC. The sulfur transfer from title compounds was also studied in the solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates by phosphoramidite methods. In this application, the efficiency of the sulfur transfer reaction for 2?-deoxyoligonucleotides was better than 99.5%. The novel sulfurizing agents are synthesized, at low cost, using simple chemical methods.

Abstract: In the liquid immersion lithography process, by simultaneously preventing deterioration of a resist film and deterioration of an immersion liquid employed during liquid immersion lithography which uses various immersion liquids, including water, resistance to post exposure delay of the resist film can be improved without increasing the number of processes, thereby making it possible to form a high resolution resist pattern using liquid immersion lithography. Using an alkaline soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent capable of dissolving them as at least constituent component, a composition is prepared and a protective film is formed on the surface of the resist film to be used, using the composition.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel pyrazine 2-carboxyamide derivatives of formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification. These compounds are useful for the treatment of CNS disorders.

Abstract: There are provided a novel onium salt and a method for optimizing the interface of a negative electrode by the use of the novel onium salt and/or a conventional onium salt. Such a method is characterized in that an electrolyte comprising novel 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)acetamide•tetraethyl ammonium salt is made to intervene between a negative electrode and a positive electrode in an electrochemical device having the constitution: a negative electrode|an electrolyte|a positive electrode, thereby constructing an electrode structure in the electrochemical device, and applying a voltage between the negative electrode and the positive electrode so as for the negative electrode to have a potential of ?1 V to ?5 V in terms of the potential relative to a reference electrode of I?/I3?, thereby forming a passive-state layer comprising a decomposition product of the above electrolyte or salt on the surface of the above negative electrode.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a labeling precursor compound used for selectively producing radioactive halogen-substituted syn-1-amino-3-cyclobutane-carboxylic acids, and to provide a process for producing a radioactive halogen-substituted syn-1-amino-3-cyclobutane-carboxylic acid using the labeling precursor compound. A labeling precursor is used in which a phthalimide group is used as a protective group for protecting the amino group. The syn-form of the radioactive halogen-substituted 1-amino-3-cyclobutane-carboxylic acid can be selectively produced by labeling the labeling precursor with a radioactive halogen followed by deprotecting.

Abstract: In the liquid immersion lithography process, by simultaneously preventing deterioration of a resist film and deterioration of an immersion liquid employed during liquid immersion lithography which uses various immersion liquids, including water, resistance to post exposure delay of the resist film can be improved without increasing the number of processes, thereby making it possible to form a high resolution resist pattern using liquid immersion lithography. Furthermore, it is possible to apply a high refractive index liquid immersion medium, used in combination with the high refractive index liquid immersion medium, thus making it possible to further improve pattern accuracy. Using a composition comprising an acrylic resin component having characteristics which have substantially no compatibility with a liquid in which a resist film is immersed, particularly water, and are also soluble in alkaline, a protective film is formed on the surface of a resist film used.

Abstract: Methods for preparing an ammonium salt and a lithium salt of a fluorinated bis-sulfonylimide by a practical and efficient method with a high yield with a small number of steps. Further, a high purity ammonium salt of a fluorinated bis-sulfonylimide useful for the method for producing a lithium salt is provided. A method for producing a purified particulate solid (II) of a salt represented by the formula (1), which comprises suspending a particulate solid (I) of a salt represented by the formula (1) in a solvent comprising an etheric oxygen atom-containing compound, and separating the solvent by filtration: [HNR3]+[Q1-SO2—N—SO2-Q2]???(1) wherein each of R? s which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a C1-10 alkyl group, and each of Q1 and Q2 which are independent of each other, is a monovalent fluoroorganic group, or Q1 and Q2 together form a bivalent fluoroorganic group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the sulfurization of phosphorus-containing compounds. More particularly, the process involves contacting the compound to be sulfurized with a sulfur transfer reagent as defined hereinbefore in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.

Abstract: Methods for preparing an ammonium salt and a lithium salt of a fluorinated bis-sulfonylimide by a practical and efficient method with a high yield with a small number of steps. Further, a high purity ammonium salt of a fluorinated bis-sulfonylimide useful for the method for producing a lithium salt is provided. A method for producing a purified particulate solid (II) of a salt represented by the formula (1), which comprises suspending a particulate solid (I) of a salt represented by the formula (1) in a solvent comprising an etheric oxygen atom-containing compound, and separating the solvent by filtration: [HNR3]+[Q1-SO2—N—SO2-Q2]???(1) wherein each of R's which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a C1-10 alkyl group, and each of Q1 and Q2 which are independent of each other, is a monovalent fluoroorganic group, or Q1 and Q2 together form a bivalent fluoroorganic group.

Abstract: The use of N-formamidino-5-amino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones as novel, efficient sulfur-transfer reagents is disclosed. The sulfur transfer from these reagents to compounds containing P(III) atom, triphenylphosphine, 5?-O-DMT-thymidine 2-cyanoethyl-(N,N-diisopropyl)phosphoramidite, and 5?-O-DMT-3?-O-levulinyl dithymidilyl 2-cyanoethyl phosphite, was studied in solution by 31P NMR and HPLC. The sulfur transfer from title compounds was also studied in the solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates by phosphoramidite methods. In this application, the efficiency of the sulfur transfer reaction for 2?-deoxyoligonucleotides was better than 99.5%. The novel sulfurizing agents are synthesized, at low cost, using simple chemical methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 5-imino-5H-[1,2,4]-dithiazol-3-yl-amine and [1,2,4]-dithiazolidine-3,5-diylidene-diamine derivatives as inducers of gluthathione-S-transferase (GST) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), to methods for the preparation of these compounds and to novel intermediates useful for the synthesis of said [1,2,4]-dithiazoli(di)ne derivatives. The invention also relates to the use of a compound disclosed herein for the treatment of adverse conditions associated with cytotoxicity in general and apoptosis in particular. The invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I): wherein wherein the symbols have the meanings given in the specification.

Abstract: The use of N-formamidino-5-amino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones as novel, efficient sulfur-transfer reagents is disclosed. The sulfur transfer from these reagents to compounds containing P(III) atom, triphenylphosphine, 5?-O-DMT-thymidine 2-cyanoethyl-(N,N-diisopropyl)phosphoramidite, and 5?-O-DMT-3?-O-levulinyl dithymidilyl 2-cyanoethyl phosphite, was studied in solution by 31P NMR and HPLC. The sulfur transfer from title compounds was also studied in the solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates by phosphoramidite methods. In this application, the efficiency of the sulfur transfer reaction for 2?-deoxyoligonucleotides was better than 99.5%. The novel sulfurizing agents are synthesized, at low cost, using simple chemical methods.

Abstract: N-[1-oxo-(optionally 2-aza)-2-alkyl-3-(carboxyl or thiol or hydroxyaminocarbonyl or N-hydroxyformamido)-propyl]-(aryl or heteroaryl)-azacyclo4-7alkanes or thiazacyclo4-7alkanes, salts or prodrugs thereof have interesting properties, e.g., in the treatment or prevention of disorders amenable to treatment by PDF inhibitors, such as treatment of bacterial infections.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of formula I their salts, and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and their use in the treatment of picornavirus infections in mammals, as well as novel intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and reagents for oligonucleotide synthesis and purification. One aspect of the present invention relates to compounds useful for activating phosphoramidites in oligonucleotide synthesis. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing oligonucleotides via the phosphoramidite method using an activator of the invention. Another aspect of the present invention relates to sulfur-transfer agents. In a preferred embodiment, the sulfur-transfer agent is a 3-amino-1,2,4-dithiazolidine-5-one. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a phosphorothioate by treating a phosphite with a sulfur-transfer reagent of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the sulfur-transfer agent is a 3-amino-1,2,4-dithiazolidine-5-one. Another aspect of the present invention relates to compounds that scavenge acrylonitrile produced during the deprotection of phosphate groups bearing ethylnitrile protecting groups.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are useful in treating conditions or disorders prevented by or ameliorated by histamine-3 receptor ligands. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the histamine-3 receptor ligands, methods for using such compounds and compositions, and a process for preparing compounds within the scope of formula (I).

Abstract: A dithiazole compound or a salt thereof is disclosed. The compound inhibits matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) activity and can be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions for the treatment of skin conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel ?1-pyrrolines of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, A1, A2, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and Q are as defined in the disclosure, to a process for preparing these compounds and to their use for controlling pests.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to achieve a reversible change of the colour of hair dyed with an azo dye wherein the change of the colour can be effected by, for example, the salonist or the consumer in a simple manner. The colour of the hair thus dyed may be changed simply by treating the dyed hair with an acid treatment composition at any time after the first dyeing treatment. If desired by the consumer, the colour may be returned to substantially the original post dye colour by treating the hair further with an alkaline treatment composition.

Abstract: Compounds are provided which have the structure wherein Q is C or N, X1 is C or N, and R1, R2, R2a, R2b, R2c, R3, Y, A, m, n, X2, X3 and X4 are as defined herein, which compounds are useful as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and antiobesity agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the sulfurization of phosphorus-containing compounds which comprises contacting the phosphorus compound to be sulfurized with a sulfur transfer reagent of formula (I) wherein R1 is aryl which can be substituted by halo, (C1–C6) alkyl or (C1-C6) alkoxy, and R2 is (C1–C6) alkyl, which could also form a cyclic ring together with R1, in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or isomer thereof and compounds of the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or isomer thereof. The compounds of the invention inhibit tyrosine kinase activity of growth factor receptors such as HER1, HER2 and HER4 thereby making them useful as antiproliferative agents. The compounds are also useful for the treatment of other diseases associated with signal transduction pathways operating through growth factor receptors.

Abstract: N-[1-oxo-(optionally 2-aza)-2-alkyl-3-(carboxyl or thiol or hydroxyaminocarbonyl or N-hydroxyformamido)-propyl]-(aryl or heteroaryl)-azacyclo4-7alkanes or thiazacyclo4-7alkanes, salts or prodrugs thereof have interesting properties, e.g., in the treatment or prevention of disorders amenable to treatment by PDF inhibitors, such as treatment of bacterial infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers of the formula (I) in which X represents hydrogen, halogen or alkyl, m represents integers from 2 to 10, n represents 0, 1 or 2. y represents unsubstituted or substituted methylene and p represents 1, 2 or 3, and to processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I wherein R1, R2, R?, R?, n, m and o are defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. It has been found that the compounds of general formula I are adenosine receptor ligands with a good affinity to the A2A-receptor and a high selectivity to the A1- and A3 receptors. These compounds have useful pharmacological activities.

Abstract: A method for coloring Keratin-containing fibers which comprises applying a composition containing a compound of formula A—CH?B—CH?A???(I).

Abstract: A dithiazole compound or a salt thereof expressed by formula (I): 1

Abstract: Novel chiral diphosphines (R) or (S), and their use as optically active ligand for preparing diphosphino-metallic complexes, and the diphosphino-metallic complexes containing said chiral diphosphines (R) or (S), and the use of the diphosphino-metallic complexes as catalyst in asymmetric catalysis of unsaturated compounds bearing functional groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: wherein R1, Y, W, A and R2 are as defined above are inhibitors of rotamase enzymes in particular FKBP-12 and FKBP-52. The compounds therefore moderate neuronal regeneration and outgrowth and can be used for treating neurological disorders arising from neurodegenerative diseases and nerve damage.

Abstract: Certain substituted oxadiazole, thiadiazole and triazole peptoids which are useful as inhibitors of serine proteases, are prepared in various embodiments using Grignard reagents and alkyllithium reagents and various aldehydes to make oxadiazole, thiadiazole and triazole peptoid alcohols, which are then oxidized to the desired keto products.

Abstract: The dihalopropene compounds of the general formula (I) have excellent insecticidal/acaricidal activity, so that they are satisfactorily effective for the control of noxious insects, mites and ticks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new class of materials effective as curatives for anaerobic adhesive compositions. The addition of these materials into anaerobic adhesives as a replacement for conventional curatives, such as APH, surprisingly provides at least comparable cure speeds and physical properties for the reaction products formed therefrom.

Abstract: An electron accepting monomer having the formula: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to new O-aryldithiazole dioxides, to two processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides in crop protection and in the protection of materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, A, X, T, Q, Z, U, Y, Ar, p and n are as defined in the specification. These compounds are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions mediated by nuclear receptors, in particular the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR).

Abstract: 1-Heterocycle substituted diarylamines, methods of making and using them, and compositions containing them.

Abstract: This invention relates to neurotrophic, low molecular weight, small molecule heterocyclic ketone and thioester compounds, compositions containing the same, and the use of such compounds for treating neurological disorders, including physically damaged nerves and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel N-linked sulfonamides of N-heterocyclic carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid isosteres, their preparation, and use for treating neurological disorders including physically damaged nerves and neurodegenerative diseases, and for treating alopecia and promoting hair growth.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel N-heteorocyclic carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid isosteres, their preparation and use for treating neurological disorders including physically damaged nerves and neurodengenerative diseases, for treating alopecia and promoting hair growth, for treating vision disorders and/or improving vision, and for treating memory impairment and/or enhancing memory performance by administering such compounds.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to novel antibiotics, XENORXIDES of formula shown below, wherein R1, R2=hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, acyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocyclyl group; R3=hydrogen, alkyl cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl group, produced by bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus bovienii and/or other Xenorhabdus species, and/or by oxidation of the corresponding dithiolopyrrolone derivatives with oxygen and Xenorhabdus species, and/or its cell-free filtrate, the additional salts thereof, the compositions thereof and their use as medicaments and/or agrochemicals, particularly in the treatment of infectious diseases involving microorganisms susceptible to them, including drug-resistant Staphylococcus.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): wherein one of m and n is 0, and the other is 0, 1 or 2; k is 0 or 1 to 12; R1 is hydrogen, a substituent which is an aryl or a heterocyclic, or an optionally substituted alkyl group; A is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a group of the formula —N(R2)CO—, —N(R2)CS—, —N(R2)SO2—, —CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —CON(R2)CO—, —CON(R2)CS—, —CON(R2)SO2—, —O—CO—, —ON(R2)CO—, —ON(R2)SO2—, —O—CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —O—CON(R2)CO—, —O—CON(R2)SO2—, —CO—O—, —CO—CO—, —CO—CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —CO—CON(R2)CO—, —CO—CON(R2)SO2—, —N(R2)O—, —N(R2)COCO—, —N(R2)N(R3)CO—, —N(R2)N(R3)SO2—, —N(R2)CON(R3)N(R4)CO—, —N(R2)CON(R3)CO—, —N(R2)CON(R3)SO2&mdas