Abstract: The invention describes compounds that inhibit both HDAC and GSK3? (i.e., HDAC/GSK3? dual inhibitors). The invention further describes compositions containing these HDAC/GSK3? dual inhibitors, as well as methods and kits using these HDAC/GSK3? dual inhibitors to treat various medical conditions. The invention also provides methods and kits using a HDAC inhibitor and a GSK3? to treat various medical conditions, and compositions containing a HDAC inhibitor and a GSK3?. Medical conditions treatable with various embodiments of the invention include but are not limited to cancers and tumors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new thiadiazolidinediones of formula (I), or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and its use in the treatment of a disease in which glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is involved, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, there is provided a process for preparing such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions having RGS (regulator of G-protein Signaling) inhibiting activity, and methods of use thereof. In some embodiments, RGS-inhibiting compositions find use in research on or treatment of disease states (e.g., diabetes, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, depression and other diseases).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca, processes to produce such molecules and intermediates used in such processes, compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such molecules against such pests. These molecules may be used, for example, as nematicides, acaricides, insecticides, miticides, and/or molluscicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca, processes to produce such molecules and intermediates used in such processes, compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such molecules against such pests. These molecules may be used, for example, as nematicides, acaricides, insecticides, miticides, and/or molluscicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).

Abstract: The use of N-formamidino-5-amino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones, 5-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones, and derivatives thereof as novel, efficient sulfur-transfer reagents is disclosed. Sulfur transfer from these reagents to compounds containing a P(III) atom (e.g., triphenylphosphine, 5?-O-DMT-thymidine 2-cyanoethyl-(N,N-diisopropyl)phosphoramidite, and 5?-O-DMT-3?-O-levulinyl dithymidilyl 2-cyanoethyl phosphite), was studied in solution by 31P NMR and HPLC. The sulfur transfer from title compounds was also studied in the solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates by phosphoramidite methods. In this application, the efficiency of the sulfur transfer reaction for 2?-deoxyoligonucleotides was better than 99.5%. The novel sulfurizing agents are synthesized, at low cost, using simple chemical methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclic N-[1,3,4]-thiadiazol-2-yl-benzene sulfonamides and to their physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives showing PPARdelta or PPARdelta and PPARgamma agonist activity. What is described are compounds of the formula I, in which the radicals are as defined, and their physiologically acceptable salts and processes for their preparations. The compounds are suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization disorders as well as of disorders in which insulin resistance is involved and demyelinating and other neurodegenerative disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions having RGS (regulator of G-protein Signaling) inhibiting activity, and methods of use thereof. In some embodiments, RGS-inhibiting compositions find use in research on or treatment of disease states (e.g., diabetes, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, depression and other diseases).

Abstract: According to the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) wherein: A represents C(?N—W-D) or S; B represents S or C(—NH—W-D); when: A represents C(?N—W-D) and B represents S then the bond between B and the NH atom is a single bond; or A represents S and B represents C(—NH—W-D) then the bond between B and the NH atom is a double bond; X represents -Q-[CRxRy]n—; W represents —[CRxRy]m— or —C(O)—[CRxRy]p—; Q represents a bond, —N(Ra)—, —S—, or —O—; A1 to A5 respectively represent C(R1), C(R2), C(R3), C(R4) and C(R5), or, alternatively, up to two of A1 to A5 may independently represent N; D represents phenyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted by one or more R6 groups, which compounds are useful in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or tautomers thereof, to processes for the preparation of, intermediates used in the preparation of, and compositions containing such compounds, and the uses of such compounds, in particular for the treatment of pain.

Abstract: Provided are thiadiazolidine compounds of formula I wherein R1 is an organic group having at least 8 atoms selected from C or O, which is not linked directly to the N through a —C(O)— and comprising at least an aromatic ring, and their pharmaceutical compositions. These compounds are selective GSK-3 inhibitors and have improved bioavailability. They are useful for the treatment of GSK-3 mediated diseases, among others Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, depression and brain injury.

Abstract: Certain noel N-(heteroarylalkyl)alkanediamine derivatives have provided unexpected insecticidal and acaricidal activity. These compounds are represented by formula I: wherein Ar, a, r, R, Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, b, c, Re, Rf, Rg, Rh, R5, d, e, U, V, X, WR6 and R7 are fully described herein. In addition, compositions comprising an insecticidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, and optionally, an effective amount of at least one of a second compound, with at least one insecticidally compatible carrier are also disclosed; along with methods of controlling insects comprising applying said compositions to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.

Abstract: A compound having a hypoglycemic effect is provided. The compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful for the treatment or prevention of diabetes, obesity, and the like. The compound is represented by the general formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C1 to C6 alkoxy group, a C1 to C6 alkylsulfanyl group, a C1 to C6 alkylsulfinyl group, a C1 to C6 alkylsulfonyl group, or a C1 to C6 alkoxy-C1 to C6 alkylsulfonyl group, and A is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group).

Abstract: This invention relates to inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, particularly KSP, and methods for producing these inhibitors. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the invention and methods of utilizing the inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment and prevention of various disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or tautomers thereof, to processes for the preparation of, intermediates used in the preparation of, and compositions containing such compounds, and the uses of such compounds, in particular for the treatment of pain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formulae herein, their acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates and polymorphs thereof. The compounds of this invention are useful in treatment of disease, particularly leukemia. The invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating disease, disorders, or symptoms thereof in a subject.

Abstract: This invention relates to oxadiazolyl and thiadiazolyl derivatives, which are found to be modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Due to their pharmacological profile the compounds of the invention may be useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those related to the cholinergic system of the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases or disorders related to smooth muscle contraction, endocrine diseases or disorders, diseases or disorders related to neuro-degeneration, diseases or disorders related to inflammation, pain, and withdrawal symptoms caused by the termination of abuse of chemical substances.

Abstract: Provided are thiadiazolidine compounds of formula I wherein R1 is an organic group having at least 8 atoms selected from C or O, which is not linked directly to the N through a —C(O)— and comprising at least an aromatic ring, and their pharmaceutical compositions. These compounds are selective GSK-3 inhibitors and have improved bioavailability. They are useful for the treatment of GSK-3 mediated diseases, among others Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, depression and brain injury.

Abstract: Insecticidal sulfoximines are produced efficiently and in high yield by the oxidation of the corresponding sulfilimine with ruthenium tetraoxide or an alkali metal permanganate.

Abstract: Novel compounds and methods of using those compounds for the treatment of inflammatory conditions are provided. In a preferred embodiment, modulation of the activation state of p38 kinase protein comprises the step of contacting the kinase protein with the novel compounds.

Abstract: A method of treating a condition associated with the CB-1 receptor, in particular obesity, by administering an effective amount of an aryl urea CB-1 receptor modulating compound to a subject in need of such treatment.

Abstract: Modulators of PPAR? activity are provided which are useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of conditions such as type II diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of heterocyclic compounds in the preparation of a medicament for regenerating damaged neuronal tissue. According to a preferred embodiment, formula I compounds are used to produce a medicament for regenerating neuronal tissue in pathologies or conditions that involve neuronal damage or death in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses sulfonamide A-(Q)n—Ar—SChNHR which are CA IX-selective inhibitors, which selectively bind to the enzyme under hypoxic conditions and are able to reverse the tumor acidification mediated by the enzyme. These compounds are useful in anticancer therapies based on tumor-associated CA isozyme inhibition as well as for hypoxic tumor imaging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 1,2,4-thiadiazole compound of the formula (I) represented by the formula (1): wherein R1? represents C3-C7 alkynyl and X represents C4-C7 straight alkylene optionally substituted with one to four of R2?, C4-C7 straight alkenylene optionally substituted with one to four of R2?, ethylene-oxy-ethylene optionally substituted with one to four of R4?, or ethylene-thio-ethylene optionally substituted with one to four of R4?, R2? represents a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl or C1-C4 alkyl, and R4 represents a fluorine atom or C1-C3 alkyl.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Thiadiazole compounds represented by the formula (1) have excellent control activities against harmful arthropods: wherein R1 represents C3-C7 alkynyl group optionally substituted one or more halogen atom(s); R2 a represents a halogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl group, a C1-C4 haloalkyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group, a C1-C4 haloalkoxy group, a C1-C4 alkylthio group, a cyano group, or a nitro group, and n is an integer of 0 to 5, provided that, when n is an integer of 2 or more, respective R2s may be the same or different; A represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a single bond, a CR3R4 group, or NR5; R3 and R4 represent each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 alkyl group; and R5 represent a hydrogen and the like.

Abstract: The thiadiazole compound represented by the formula (A): wherein R1 represents a C1-C7 alkyl group, a C3-C7 alkenyl group, a C3-C7 alkynyl group and the like; R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with a hetero ring group in which the hetero ring group may be substituted, which the hetero ring group is a five-membered ring containing only an oxygen atom(s) or a sulfur atom(s) as a hetero atom(s); has an excellent arthropod pests controlling activity.

Abstract: A thiadiazole compound of the formula (A): wherein R1 represents methyl, C3-C7 alkenyl, C2-C7 alkoxyalkyl, C2-C7 alkylthioalkyl, C4-C7 alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C4-C7 alkylthioalkoxyalkyl, phenyl C1-C2 alkyl in which phenyl may be substituted, phenyloxy C1-C2 alkyl in which phenyloxy may be substituted, phenyl C2-C3 alkoxyalkyl in which phenyl may be substituted, or the substituent of the formula (B): wherein R3 represents C1-C3 alkyl, and R4 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl or phenyl which may be substituted; and R2 represents phenyl C1-C4 alkyl in which phenyl may be substituted, pyridyl C1-C4 alkyl in which pyridyl may be substituted, or pyrimidyl C1-C4 alkyl in which pyrimidyl may be substituted; has an excellent arthropod pests controlling activity.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are useful in treating metabolic disorders related to insulin resistance or hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The invention features 4-((phenoxyalkyl)thio)-phenoxyacetic acids and analogs, compositions containing them, and methods of using them as PPAR modulators to treat or inhibit the progression of, for example, dyslipidemia.

Abstract: Dichroic dyes, dichroic dye compositions, and liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element containing the dichroic dyes. The dichroic dye has increased solubility and stability.

Abstract: Dichroic dyes, dichroic dye compositions, and liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element containing the dichroic dyes. The dichroic dye has increased solubility and stability.

Abstract: PDF inhibitors and novel methods for their use are provided.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds having the structure wherein A is OR5, or R1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl of 3-8 carbon atoms, thienyl, furyl, pyridyl, R2 is H, alkyl, or aryl; R3 and R4 are halo, H, alkyl, aryl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxyaryl, nitro, amino, carboalkoxy, carbamide, carbamate, urea, alkylsulfonamide, —NR7(CH2)mCO2H, arylsulfonamide, cycloalkyl, or a heterocycle; R5 is H, alkyl, —CH(R8)R9, —CH2(CH2)nCO2R10, —C(CH3)2CO2R10, —CH(R8)(CH2)nCO2R10, —CH(R8)C6H4CO2R10, or —CH2-tetrazole; R6 is H, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, trifluoroalkyl or trifluoroalkoxy; R7 is H or alkyl; R8 is H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, phthalic acid, R9 is CO2R12, CONHR12, tetrazole, or PO3R12; R10 is H, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; R11 is alkyl; R12 is H, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; X is O, or S; Y is O, N, or S; Z is C, or N; Q is O, N, or S; m=1-3; n=1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which

Abstract: The invention provides 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles having the following Formula I: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides and to chemical entities useful in such synthesis. More particularly, the invention relates to sulfurization of the internucleotide linkages of oligonucleotides. The invention provides a process to synthesize new sulfur transfer reagents and a process for their use in sulfurizing oligonucleotides. The sulfur transfer reagents according to the invention are inexpensive to make, stable in storage and in solution, and highly efficient in sulfurization.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds which bind VLA-4. Certain of these compounds aslo inhibit leukocyte adhesion and, in particular, leukocyte adhesion mediated by VLA-4. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in a mammalian patient, e.g., human, such as asthma, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, AIDS dementia, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tissue transplantation, tumor metastasis and myocardial ischemia. The compounds can also be administered for the treatment of inflammatory brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: Novel 1,2,4-thiadiazole compounds are provided, which are effective as inhibitors of cysteine activity-dependent enzymes and in particular of cysteine proteases. The compounds are useful in treating acne by inhibition of transglutaminase, common cold by inhibition of human rhinovirus 3C protease and inflammatory joint disease by inhibition of cathepsins. The compounds of the present invention are 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-thiadazole of the general formula (I): where Z is a nitrogen containing group with recognition sequence for the enzyme and Y is a substituent that tunes the reactivity of the inhibitor towards the thiol group of the cysteine activity-dependent enzyme. The Y group may also serve in recognition.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel color-developing agent of a 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl hydrazine type. There is also disclosed a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which gives sufficient color formation by development and forms an image excellent in image quality and image storability, by using the color-developing agent. Further, there is disclosed an image-forming method using the light-sensitive material.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted aminosalicylamides, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as fungicides, and also to novel intermediates and to a plurality of processes for their preparation.

Abstract: In our research, 3-phenyl-1,2,4-dithiazoline-5-one is found to be a potential sulfur-transfer reagent. The efficiency and optimization of this new sulfur-transfer reagent was investigated by solid-phase syntheses of dinucleotide phosphorothioate and 25 mer oligonucleotide phosphorothioates at 1 &mgr;mol and 200 &mgr;mol scales. The results show that 3-phenyl-1,2,4-dithiazoline-5-one is a highly efficient sulfurizing reagent, and greater than 99.8% sulfur transfer efficiency can be achieved. In contrast to EDITH or Beaucage reagent, this novel sulfur-transfer reagent is highly stable in storage and in solution, highly soluble in CH3CN solvent, and can be synthesized at a low cost because of the single step reaction. Due to these advantages, 3-phenyl-1,2,4-dithiazoline-5-one can be considered as a better alternative to EDITH or Beaucage reagent, especially in large-scale preparation of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the formula where R1-R5 are each, independently, a hydrogen atom or a normal or branched C1-C6-alkyl group; A is a methionyl, phenylalanyl or phenylglycyl residue; n is 0 or 1; R6 is a hydrogen atom; and R7 is a carbocylic group, an aromatic group, a C1-C4-alkyl group, a pyridylalkyl group or a heterocyclic group. In another embodiment, R6 is benzyl or —C(O)OR8, where R8 is a C1-C6-alkyl group, and R7 is a heteroaromatic group, such as a 2-thiazolyl group.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel color-developing agent of a 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl hydrazine type. There is also disclosed a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which gives sufficient color formation by development and forms an image excellent in image quality and image storability, by using the color-developing agent. Further, there is disclosed an image-forming method using the light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A pharamceutical composition comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6-alkynyl, C3-6-cycloalkyl, arylC1-6alkyl, aryl, S(O)pR1.

Abstract: Novel 1,2,4-thiadiazole compounds are provided, which are effective as inhibitors of cysteine activity-dependent enzymes and in particular of cysteine proteases. The compounds are useful in treating acne by inhibition of transglutaminase, common cold by inhibition of human rhinovirus 3C protease and inflammatory joint disease by inhibition of cathepsins. The compounds of the present invention are 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-thiadazole of the general formula (I): ##STR1## where Z is a nitrogen containing group with recognition sequence for the enzyme and Y is a substituent that tunes the reactivity of the inhibitor towards the thiol group of the cysteine activity-dependent enzyme. The Y group may also serve in recognition.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted cycloalkenes of the formula (I), ##STR1## to a plurality of processes for their preparation, and to novel intermediates and a plurality of processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Thiols are trapped, and converted to disulfide compounds, by a process of reacting them with compounds containing a 1,2,4-thiadiazole ring structure carrying a substituent at position 3 of the thiadiazole ring, and being unsubstituted at position N-2. The process is useful pharmacologically, in inhibiting certain thiol-containing enzymes such as H.sup.+ /K.sup.+ -ATPase (the proton pump), and industrially, in selective removal of thiol compounds from gas or liquid mixtures.

Abstract: 1,3-diazolino and 1,3-diazolidino heterocycle derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.

Abstract: Cyclic amides of Formula (I) which are useful as fungicides wherein: A is O; S; N; NR.sup.5 ;or CR.sup.14--, G is C or N; W is O or S; X is OR.sup.1, S(O).sub.m R.sup.1 or halogen; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.5 are independently, in part, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; Y is, in part, --O--; --S(O).sub.n --,--CHR.sup.6 O--; or --CHR.sup.6 O--N.dbd.C(R.sup.7)--; Z is, in part, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, or naphthyl; and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.14, m, and n are defined in the disclosure, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel organic compounds, to methods for their preparation, to compositions containing them, to their use for treatment of human and animal disorders, to their use for purification of proteins or glycoproteins, and to their use in diagnosis. The invention relates to modulation of the activity of molecules with phospho-tyrosine recognition units, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and proteins with Src-homology-2 domains, in in vitro systems, microorganisms, eukaryotic cells, whole animals and human beings. The novel organic compounds are compounds of formula (I)(L).sub.n --Ar.sub.1 --R.sub.1 A (I)wherein(L).sub.n, n, Ar.sub.1, R.sub.1 and A are as defined in the application.