Abstract: Novel synthetic approaches to make 3-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-ylethynyl)-4-methyl-N-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide, intermediates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are provided.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a compound of formula (II) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1-R7 and X are as defined in the description, and the use of these compounds in therapy, in particular in treating cancer or as an inhibitor of the interaction of the MDM2 protein with p53.

Abstract: Disclosed are an intermediate compound of N-(1,1,1-trideuterated methyl)phthalimide, and its use in the preparation of deuterated diphenylurea derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides stereoselective processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein P is phenyl, naphthyl, a 6-membered heteroaryl group containing one or two nitrogen atoms as ring members, or a 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl group containing one or two nitrogen atoms as ring members, and wherein the phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted; R1 is chlorodifluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; R2 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; n is 0 or 1; including the process comprising (a-i) reacting a compound of formula II wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula I; with nitromethane in the presence a chiral catalyst to give a compound of formula III Wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula I; and (a-ii) reductively cyclising the compound of formula III to give the compound of formula I.

Abstract: This invention relates to deuterated ?-diphenylurea and derivatives and pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof. And the pharmaceutical compositions comprising the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and the deuterium-substituted ?-diphenylurea and derivatives and pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof are also provided. The deuterium-substituted diphenylurea can be used in treatment or prevention of cancer and other related diseases.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for the mono-reduction of one or more imide moieties in a compound comprising contacting the compound with hydrogen gas and a catalyst comprising a transition metal hydride in the presence of a base, under conditions for the mono-reduction of the one or more imide moieties to form a compound comprising one or more hydroxy amides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing amides of aromatic carboxylic acids by reacting at least one carbonic acid ester of formula (I) R3—OOOR4, wherein R3 represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group with 5 to 100 carbon atoms and R4 represents a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, with at least one amine of formula (II) HNR1R2, wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 100 C atoms, in a reaction tube the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a monomode microwave applicator, under microwave irradiation to form carboxamide.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds and compositions, and methods of using these compounds and compositions, as positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 (mGlu2) receptor, and for treating CNS disorders associated with the mGlu2 receptor including schizophrenia, anxiety, addiction, e.g. cocaine addiction, nicotine addiction, and the like.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to bicyclic mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators, for example 6-(phenylethynyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, derivatives thereof, and related compounds, which are useful as positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5); synthetic methods for making the compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds; and methods of treating neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction using the compounds and compositions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: A production method of a compound containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary aminomethyl aromatic ring of the present invention includes: using a fluoroboron compound or a dimer thereof, or solvates thereof, which are represented by a formula (I): Ra(Rb)N—CH2—BF3M??(I) as an aminomethylating agent for an aromatic ring; and reacting the aminomethylating agent with an aromatic ring-containing compound, which can react with the aminomethylating agent, under the presence of a metal catalyst such as a palladium compound so as to perform the direct aminomethylation of the aromatic ring.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for performing metathesis reactions, including cross-metathesis reactions. Methods described herein exhibit enhanced activity and stereoselectivity, relative to known methods, and are useful in the synthesis of a large assortment of biologically and therapeutically significant agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process suited to large scale synthesis with high yield for producing oseltamivir phosphate, in which a preparation of oseltamivir phosphate which is highly safe as a pharmaceutical product can be produced, and an intermediate compound for producing oseltamivir phosphate. In this production process, an intermediate compound represented by general formula (V) is synthesized by employing Michael reaction/Michael reaction/Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, and oseltamivir phosphate is produced by converting the substituent groups in this intermediate compound.

Abstract: The present invention concerns farnesylamine derivatives, compositions containing these compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions as inhibitors of ras-mediated signal transduction and inhibitors of aberrant cell growth, e.g., as anti-cancer agents, as well as anti-fungal agents. Other non-malignant diseases characterized by proliferation of cells that may be treated using the farneylamine derivatives of the include, but are not limited to, cirrhosis of the liver; graft rejection; restenosis; and disorders characterized by a proliferation of T cells such as autoimmune diseases, e.g., type 1 diabetes, lupus and multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: The production of low color polyetherimides, including its intermediates, such as bisimides and diaryl diether dianhydrides, may be affected by producing an improved purity intermediate of 4-nitro-N-alkylphthalimide. A salt, such as alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate, is added to an aqueous mixture of 4-nitro-N-alkylphthalimide and 3-nitro-N-alkylphthalimide to selectively hydrolyze the imide linkage of 3-nitro-N-alkylphthalimide forming a water-soluble acid-amide salt. An organic solvent is added to this salt mixture to phase separate 4-nitro-N-alkylphthalimide having dissolved in the organic solvent from acid-amide salt of 3-nitro-N-alkylphthalimide having dissolved in water.

Abstract: A process for producing lactams of formula (1) below, including the step of reacting lactones of formula (2) below with imides of any of formulae (3a), (3b) and (3c) to thereby obtain corresponding carboxylic acids (step A); the step of esterifying the carboxylic acids into corresponding esters (step B); and the step of reacting the esters with amines to thereby obtain lactams of the formula (1) (step C). In the formulae (1)-(2) and (3a)-(3c), when R3 and R4 are simultaneously hydrogen atoms, R is a substituted methylene or optionally substituted polymethylene; when at least one of R3 and R4 is a substituent other than hydrogen atom, R is an optionally substituted methylene or polymethylene; each of R3, R4, R5 and R6 independently is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, cyano, etc.; each of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 and A10 independently is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, nitro, etc.; and M is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom.

Abstract: Compounds having the general structure I are provided. X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of CH2, N, NR9, C?O, C?S, S?O, SO2, S, O, (CR6R7)n, C(?O)—(CR6R7)n, and C(?S)—(CR6R7)n, where n is 1, 2, or 3. W is selected from the group consisting of (formula I) and L is selected from the group consisting of N, O, S?O, SO2, C(O), NC(O), NC(S), OC(O), OC(S), C(NR10), C(NOR10), and a covalent bond. Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted carbon and nitrogen. Compounds of formula I are agonists of the melanocortin-4 receptor (“MC-4r2) and therefore may have useful properties for controlling diseases related to MC-4r action in humans, such as obesity and type II diabetes.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein A and B represent the groups —(CH2)m— and —(CH2)n— respectively; R1 represents hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; R2 represents hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy C1-6alkyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6fluoroalkoxy, —(CH2)pC3-6cycloalkyl, —(CH2)pOC3-6cycloalkyl, —COC1-6alkyl, —SO2C1-6alkyl, —SOC1-6alkyl, —S—C1-6alkyl, —CO2C1-6alkyl, —CO2NR5R6, —SO2NR5R6, —(CH2)pNR5R6, —(CH2)pNR5COR6, optionally substituted aryl ring, optionally substituted heteroaryl ring or optionally substituted heterocyclyl ring; R3 represents optionally substituted aryl ring or optionally substituted heteroaryl ring; R4 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, halogen, —OSO2CF3, —(CH2)pC3-6cycloalkyl, —(CH2)qOC1-6alkyl or —(CH2)pOC3-6cycloalkyl; R5 and R6 each independently represent hydrogen, C1-6alkyl or, together with the nitrogen or other atoms to which they are attached, form an azacycloalky

Abstract: The agent for dyeing keratin fibers contains one or more aryl and/or benzyl alcohols, one or more oxidizing enzymes, especially vanillyl oxidase, derivatives of vanillyl oxidase or galactose oxidase, and a nucleophilic compound that forms a dye for dyeing keratin fibers in the presence of the alcohols and enzymes. A method for dyeing keratin fibers with this agent is also disclosed. Two-component kits for performing the method of dyeing keratin fibers include a first compenent (A) and a second component (B) separate from the first component. The first component (A) includes the nucleophilic compound, the alcohol and optionally the oxidizing enzyme. The second component (B) includes the oxidizing enzyme when it is not included in the first component or more alcohol.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds, which act to antagonize the action of the glucagon hormone on the glucagon receptor. Owing to their antagonizing effect of the glucagon receptor the compounds may be suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of any diseases and disorders, wherein a glucagon antagonistic action is beneficial, such as hyperglycemia, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, disorders of the lipid metabolism and obesity.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyclic compound comprising subjecting a starting material in the presence of a catalyst component to metathesis reaction in the presence of an ionic liquid, wherein the starting material is a &agr;,&ohgr;-diene bearing a &agr; substituent NRR1 in the &agr; position to a double bond, wherein R is hydrogen or an organic substituent, R1 is tert-butyl, P(R)2, P(R2)2, COR, SO2PhR, COOR or CONRR2, R2is alkyl or phenyl, or R and R1 together form and in which &agr;,&ohgr;-dienes optionally bear at least one further substituent R in any other position with the exception of the &agr; position, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fused or unfused aryl, alkyl, CN, COOR2 or halogen, and wherein the starting material optionally contains a member selected from the group containing at least one further substituent that is inert in the metathesis reaction and a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of branched alkyl radicals, unbranched alkyl radical

Abstract: It is to provide a cyclic imide derivative which is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises, a cyclic imide derivative represented by the general formula (I): wherein Q1 is a single bond, —CH2—, —O—, —S— or —NH—, each of Q2 and Q3 is —C(O)—, —C(S)— or —CH2—, provided that at least one of Q2 and Q3 is —C(O)— or —C(S)—, Z is a single bond or a lower alkanediyl group, R is an aryl group which may be substituted or a cycloalkyl group which may be substituted, X is a nitro group, an amino group which may be acylated, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an alkylthio group, m is an integer of from 0 to 4, and when m is 2 or above, X may be the same or different, or its salt.

Abstract: A compound of the following formula: and the salts thereof, wherein A is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, or the like; the broken line represents an optional double bond with proviso that if the broken line is a double bond, then A is absent; Ar1 is optionally substituted phenyl or the like; Ar2 is aryl or heteroaryl selected from phenyl, napththyl, pyridyl, and the like, the aryl or heteroaryl being optionally substituted; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C1-C4 alkyl, or the like; and R2 and R3 are independently selected from optionally substituted C1-C7 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, and the like or R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring. These compounds are useful as kappa agonists.

Abstract: The use of certain heterocyclic derivatives for treating parasitic protozoa infections in mammals, in particular bovine trichomoniasis and giardiasis, is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compound of the Formula I X—C(O)—Y—G—R  I (wherein X, Y, G and R have the values defined in the description), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, processes and intermediates for the preparation of such a compound or salt, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a compound or salt and methods of their use as thrombin inhibitors, coagulation inhibitors and agents for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders.

Abstract: Tri- or tetrafluorophthalimides are produced in a halogen-exchange reaction utilizing a metal fluoride salt and a dihydrocarbyl sulfoxide as the solvent. No phase-transfer catalyst is employed. The process has been found capable of producing the fully fluorinated phthalimide in yields of over 90% GC in reactions performed at 135-155 ° C. in reaction periods of as little as one hour even though no phase-transfer catalyst is employed.

Abstract: Polymer encapsulated metal oxide particles are prepared by combining a polyamide acid in a polar aprotic solvent with a metal alkoxide solution. The polymer was imidized and the metal oxide formed simultaneously in a refluxing organic solvent. The resulting polymer-metal oxide is an intimately mixed commingled blend, possessing synergistic properties of both the polymer and preceramic metal oxide. The encapsulated metal oxide particles have multiple uses including, being useful in the production of skin lubricating creams, weather resistant paints, as a filler for paper, making ultraviolet light stable filled printing ink, being extruded into fibers or ribbons, and coatings for fibers used in the production of composite structural panels.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or are linked to form a ring,A is a cycloalkyl or alkyl-cycloalkyl group,n is an integer from 0 to 3,W is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; or W is an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or thiophenoxy group; orW is a group --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 --NHC(O)R.sup.6 R.sup.7 or --C(O)NHR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ;are useful in treating clinical conditions for which a "5-HT.sub.1 -like" receptor agonist is indicated.

Abstract: Preparation of sparingly soluble aromatic amines by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of hydrogen, a solvent and a catalyst having a particle size of not less than 0.5 mm, wherein the aromatic nitro compound selected is a compound whose corresponding amine is soluble to an extent of not more than 50% by weight in the solvent used under the reaction conditions of the hydrogenation, and also their use for preparing azo compounds.

Abstract: A method for the solventless synthesis of a phthalimide or phthalimide mixture is provided comprising contacting at least one amine reactant and at least one anhydride reactant in a solventless environment at a first temperature sufficient to allow the reactants to at least partially condense; and increasing the temperature to a second temperature sufficient to melt the reaction mixture, thereby allowing the reaction to go essentially to completion and form the reaction product.

Abstract: A process of producing cyclic imides from cyclic anhydrides is described. Despite the fact that an acid anhydride is reacted with a primary amine in the presence of both water and an acid, the reaction is materially unaffected by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the anhydride. Thus a reaction is provided which eliminates the handling and processing problems associated with performing reactions under anhydrous conditions, and which can provide a product of high purity in very high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibition of angiogenesis and the treatment of diseases mediated by angiogenesis. Particularly, the invention relates to the inhibition of neovascularization and the treatment of cancer. The invention further relates to the use of cytochalasin derivatives for the inhibition of angiogenesis and the treatment of angiogenesis associated diseases. The invention also relates to new isoindolinone compounds, compositions containing them, and methods of inhibiting angiogenesis and treating angiogenesis associated diseases with the isoindolinone derivatives.

Abstract: A process for making bis(ether anhydrides) employs alkylamines having low melting temperatures thus allowing for novel intermediate process steps for preparing bis(ether anhydrides). The alkylamines have alkyl groups which contain at least three carbon atoms and have boiling temperatures in the range of 48 to 250.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure. As a result of using these amines, liquid alkylamines now can be employed in the imidization process step. The N-alkyl nitrophthalimides prepared from the recovered imidization product according to this invention can now be purified using liquid/liquid extraction or vacuum distillation. The alkyl nitrophthalimides prepared according to this invention provide for displacement reactions which now can be run at a high solids level. Likewise, the exchange reaction can be run at a higher solids level, and thus achieves an efficiency level which is higher than conventional processes.

Abstract: Inhibitors for matrix metalloproteases, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and a process for using them to treat a variety of physiological conditions. The compounds of the invention have the generalized formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkyl; C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 alkoxy; C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 alkylthio; a polyether of formula R.sup.2 O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.a -- in which a is 1 or 2 and R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl; and substituted alkynyl of formula R.sup.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.b --C.tbd.C--; in which b is 1-10 and R.sup.3 is H--, HO--, or R.sup.4 O-- in which R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl. The alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl portions of R.sup.1 may bear at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable substituent. The subscript n is 2-4. R.sup.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X have the meaning indicated in claim 1, and their salts exhibit endothelin receptor-antagonistic properties.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of formula I,Ar--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --NH--CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --X--Y Iin whichAr represents a group, ##STR1## X represents a C.sub.1-12 alkylene chain optionally interrupted or terminated by one or more groups selected from --S(O).sub.n --, --O--, --C(Z)--, CR.sup.6 R.sup.7, phenylmethyne, --NR.sup.8 --, --CONH--, --NHCO-- and --NHCONH--,Y represents an optionally substituted aryl or cycloalkyl group,Z represents O or S,R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and R.sup.9 each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl C.sub.1-6,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a group --S--, --NR.sup.9 -- or --CH.sub.2 --,R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl C.sub.1-6, fluoro, cyano, or CF.sub.3, provided that at least one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is other than hydrogen,R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or alkyl C.sub.1-6, or when X is interrupted or terminated by more than one --NR.sup.8 -- group may together with another R.sup.8 group form the chain --CH.

Abstract: A process for making bis(ether anhydrides) employs alkylamines having low melting temperatures thus allowing for novel intermediate process steps for preparing bis(ether anhydrides). The alkylamines have alkyl groups which contain at least three carbon atoms and have boiling temperatures in the range of 48.degree. to 250.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure. As a result of using these amines, liquid alkylamines now can be employed in the imidization process step. The N-alkyl nitrophthalimides prepared from the recovered imidization product according to this invention can now be purified using liquid/liquid extraction or vacuum distillation. The alkyl nitrophthalimides prepared according to this invention provide for displacement reactions which now can be run at a high solids level. Likewise, the exchange reaction can be run at a higher solids level, and thus achieves an efficiency level which is higher than conventional processes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of brominated phthalimides that involves mixing tetrabromophthalic anhydride, an organic acid, and an organic dispersing agent in water at approximately 110.degree. C. under 1 bar pressure is disclosed. An amine is added and the reaction mixture is stirred for six hours under approximately 5 bar pressure and heated at least to 120.degree. C. The reactant mass is washed in water and then methanol. The process decreases production time, increases whiteness and purity, and decreases yellowness and particle size of the resulting product.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexene-ylidene derivatives of formula (I) are described herein. These compounds inhibit the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor and are useful in the treatment of disease states mediated or exacerbated by TNF production; they are also useful in the mediation or inhibition of enzymatic or catalytic activity of phosphodiesterase IV and are therefore useful in the treatment of disease states in need of mediation or inhibition thereof.

Abstract: 3,4,6-trifluorophthalic acid is prepared in high yield by reaction of a 3,4,6-trichloro-N-substituted phthalimide with potassium fluoride at temperatures in the range of 200.degree. to 270.degree. C. in the absence of a catalyst to form the corresponding trifluoro-N-substituted phthalimide which, in turn, is hydrolyzed to form the 3,4,6-trifluorophthalic acid.

Abstract: Novel 1-piperazinyl-2-butenes and -2-butynes, intermediates and processes for the preparation thereof, and methods of treating psychoses utilizing compounds or compositions thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aromatic ether bisimide is provided. The mixture obtained from reacting a substituted phthalimide with a metal salt of a hydroxy aromatic compound in a non-polar solvent is extracted with about 4% to about 6% by weight aqueous alkali hydroxide solution to remove the reaction's by-products and thus provide substantially pure aromatic ether bisimide. The method is particularly suitable for extracting aromatic ether bisimide by-products from a continuous process preparing aromatic ether bisimide.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodefluorination of a tetrafluorophthalimide compound of the formula ##STR1## where X is 1 and R is a monovalent organo group; or X is 2 and R is a divalent organo group; comprises reacting (I) the tetrafluorophthalimide with zinc in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide medium. The product may be hydrolyzed to form 3,4,6-trifluorophthalic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a new sub-class or organic peroxyacids comprising N-alkyl substituted peroxytrimellitimide of formula (I) in which R=hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl, which demonstrates an excellent combination of safe-handling and bleach performance rendering the sub-class particularly suitable for use as bleach and/or disinfectant in various bleach, bleach additive or washing compositions. Effective bleaching peroxyacids include those in which R=n propyl, iso-propyl, n butyl, sec-butyl, n pentyl and n heptyl. The invention also comprises processes for making the peroxyacids, compositions containing them and processes for washing and/or bleaching and/or disinfecting employing the invention peroxyacids or compositions containing them.

Abstract: A polymer composition having intense magnetic properties and a method for preparation of same. A phthalimide compound and an aromatic dialiphatic acid are reacted in the presence of a metal catalyst at elevated temperatures to form a phenylenebis diphthalimidine compound. The phenylenebis diphthalimidine compound is then reacted with 3-benzylidine phthalimidine and a metal salt of an aliphatic acid at elevated temperatures under an inert gas to form the intensely magnetic polymer. The reactions may be carried out in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide comprising the steps of:(i) reacting a crude 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride containing as impurities at least one carboxylic anhydride (A) selected from the group consisting of phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and structural isomers of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophtalic anhydride with an alcohol for conversion of substantially all the carboxylic anhydride (A) into the monoester thereof to obtain a reaction mixture containing the monoester, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and if any, a monoester of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and(ii) adding ammonia to the reaction mixture to subject the 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and if any, the monoester thereof to a reaction for conversion into 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide.

Abstract: Indoleninium halides, e.g., indoleninium iodides, are prepared by reacting the corresponding indolenine with an organic halide reactant, e.g., alkyl halide, such as methyl iodide, the organo portion of which undergoes addition to the nitrogen atom of the indolenine at conventional reaction temperatures in the presence of a high boiling (80.degree. C.-200.degree. C.) organic ketone solvent selected from the group consisting of acyclic ketones containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and alicyclic ketones containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The novel series of quinoline-, naphthyridine- and benzoxazine-carboxylic acids useful as antibacterial agents is described. Novel methods for preparing the compounds as well as novel intermediates are also described as are methods for their formulation and the use thereof in treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: An improved nitric acid only nitration process wherein the improvement comprises adding an effective amount of a nitration promoting acid anhydride to the reaction mixture to enhance the rate of nitration.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of halogenated imides derived from hydrazine and halogenated dicarboxylic acid anhydride and which can be used as flameproofing agents for plastics. The condensation of hydrazine and halogenated dicarboxylic acid anhydride is carried out in an aqueous medium, at a temperature ranging from 40.degree. to 225.degree. C., with a molar ratio of anhydride/hydrazine substantially equal to 2.