Abstract: The invention relates primarily to quaternized polycyclic compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4; R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.2 together with the quaternary nitrogen, forms a 5 to 14 membered heterocyclic ring, said ring containing from 1 to 2 hetero atoms selected from the group of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; R.sub.1 forms a double bond in the heterocyclic ring of the quaternized nitrogen or is alkyl, alkyleneoxyalkyl, alkylhydroxy, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, alkaryl, alkylamidoalkyl and X.sup.- is a chloride, bromide or iodide anion. The invention also relates to the preparation and use of said quaternized polycyclic compounds.

Abstract: A 2,2'-bridged[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl compound of the following formula is an intermediate to insecticidal esters. ##STR1## wherein n is 1-4 and Y is a leaving group readily displaced by carboxylate anions.

Abstract: A process for formation of a base, which comprises reacting an acetylide compound with a salt. The acetylide compound has the following formula:(R--C.tbd.C--).sub.n Mwherein R is a monovalent group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group and a heterocyclic group, each of which may have one or more substituent groups; M is an n-valent transition metal atom; and n is 1, 2 or 3. The salt is composed of an anion having an affinity for the transition metal (M) (the affinity of the anion for the transition metal is more than that of the acetylide anion (R--C.tbd.C.crclbar.)), and a cation derived from one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonia and an organic base. A light-sensitive material containing the acetylide compound and the salt is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for making oxybisphthalimides by heating an N-organonitrophthalimide in the presence of an aprotic organic solvent in an alkali metal carboxylate.

Abstract: Resins are prepared by polymerization of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is a divalent linking group. Blends of a compound of the formula (I) as defined above and a bis-maleimide of the formula ##STR2## where Ar' is an aromatic linking group.

Abstract: Novel bis-aminopyridinium salts are useful as phase transfer catalysts in the preparation of aromatic ethers by the reaction of hydroxyaromatic compound alkali metal salts (e.g., bisphenol A disodium salt) with activated halo- or nitro-substituted aromatic compounds (e.g., 4-nitro-N-methylphthalimide). The bis-aminopyridinium salts may be prepared by the reaction of aminopyridines with bis-carbonium ion-generating compounds such as dibromoalkanes.

Abstract: Fluorophthalimides are prepared by a process in which a fluorophthalic anhydride is reacted, in the presence of an aliphatic sulfone, with from 0.4 to 0.8 mole of urea per mole of fluorophthalic anhydride, and the reaction is carried out first at 110.degree.-140.degree. C. and then at 150.degree.-170.degree. C.

Abstract: Compounds which are bis-(N-alkylphthalimides) are prepared by a new process in which a halogen-containing precursor is heated in the presence of a nickel compound, a reducing agent, for example, metallic zinc, and an organic solvent. The resulting compound is useful in a process for the preparation of a copolymer, in which the compound is reacted with alkali to form a tetraacid, the acid is dehydrated to form a dianhydride, and the dianhydride is reacted with a second dianhydride and a diamine under copolymer-forming conditions.

Abstract: Novel phthalic acid derivatives are described which are substituted by 2-propynyloxy groups, of the formula I ##STR1## in which Q.sub.1, and Q.sub.2 independently of one another are --OH or --O.sup.- M.sup.+, or Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 together form the grouping --O--, [O.sup.- ].sub.2 M.sub.1.sup.++ or --N(R.sub.2)--, M.sup.+ is an alkali metal ion, a trialkyl ammonium ion having 3-24 carbon atoms or a quaternary ammonium ion and M.sub.1.sup.++ is an alkaline earth metal ion, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, n is 1 or 2 and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, if n is 1, or a direct bond, if n is 2, are described. The phthalic anhydrides which are substituted by 2-propynyloxy, of the formula I, can be used for curing epoxy resins, cured products with outstanding physical properties being obtained.

Abstract: A method is provided for making aromatic ethers by effecting the displacement of reactive radicals on an activated aromatic nucleus such as a phthalimide with a mono or bisalkali metal phenoxide in the presence of an organic solvent and a dialkylamino branched alkyl substituted pyridinium salt as a phase transfer catalyst. Improved yields of bis(aromatic ethers) are achieved without the production of undesirable by-products, such as akylated phenols.

Abstract: Novel xanthones and thioxanthones of the formula I ##STR1## in which A, X, Y, Z, E and E' are as defined in patent claim 1, are described. A is preferably --S-- and E and E' are preferably bonded in the ortho-position relative to one another. The compounds (I) are suitable, for example, as sensitizers for photocrosslinkable polymers or photocurable compositions, or for use in mixtures with polymers with H donor groups for image formation, in particular electrically conductive coatings and patterns, by means of electroless deposition of metals.

Abstract: Bis-quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts such as bis(tri-n-butyl)-1,6-hexylenediammonium dibromide are excellent phase transfer agents for the preparation of aromatic ether imides, as by the reaction of the disodium salt of bisphenol A with 4-nitro-N-methylphthalimide.

Abstract: A method is provided for making aromatic ethers by effecting the displacement of reactive radicals on an activated aromatic nucleus such as a phthalimide with a mono or bisalkali metal phenoxide in the presence of an organic solvent and a dialkylamino branched alkyl substituted pyridinium salt as a phase transfer catalyst. Improved yields of bis(aromatic ethers) are achieved without the production of undesirable by-products, such as alkylated phenols.

Abstract: Cyclic N-vinylacylamines are prepared by heating carbonic acid esters of cyclic N-2-hydroxyethylacylamines in the presence of a catalytic amount of alkali or alkaline earth metal compound having an alkaline reaction and subsequently distilling the reaction mixture.Cyclic N-vinylacylamines are valuable precursors for preparing plant protection agents and medicaments and serve as polymerization and copolymerization components for preparing plastics, surface coatings, paints and ion exchange materials.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula II ##STR1## are described, in which M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 individually are --OH or together are --O--, X is --NO.sub.2, --OR', --SR' or SO.sub.2 R' and the (R')s independently of one another are C.sub.1-20 -alkyl, C.sub.3-5 -alkenyl, C.sub.3-5 -alkynyl, C.sub.2-4 -monohydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1-12 -halogenoalkyl, benzyl, C.sub.5-12 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, carboxyphenyl, halogenophenyl, nitrophenyl, alkyl- or alkoxy-phenyl each having 1-4 C atoms in the alkyl or alkoxy moieties, or acetylaminophenyl, such as for example 3-n-butylthio-5-nitrophthalic anhydride. The compounds (II) in which M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 together are --O-- are suitable as sensitizers for photo-crosslinkable polymers or as initiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds or for the photochemical crosslinking of polyolefins, and those where M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are --OH are useful intermediates for those wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 together are --O--.

Abstract: The process of preparing a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein, Y and Z are each H, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, alkanoyloxy, or alkanoylamino;X is F, Cl, Br, or NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl; andR is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl; which comprises the step of oxidation of the corresponding 3-desoxy compound.

Abstract: A method for making aromatic ether imides is provided by effecting the displacement of reactive radicals on a phthalimide nucleus with a mono- or bis-alkali metal phenoxide in the presence of a nonpolar solvent and a phase transfer catalyst, such as a triorganoborate. The aromatic ether imide made by the present invention are useful intermediates for making aromatic ether anhydrides and aromatic bis(ether anhydrides).

Abstract: The N-benzylimides having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar comprises a benzene radical and R.sub.1 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, are prepared in good yield by reacting a compound having the structural formula:ArH (II)with a compound having the structural formula: ##STR2## in the presence of hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of phthalimide by reacting phthalic anhydride with ammonia in about the stoichiometric ratio, in a mixing apparatus and subsequently in a reaction tube at a particular flow velocity and a particular temperature.The phthalimide obtainable by the process of the invention is a valuable starting material for the preparation of dyes, pesticides and pigments, especially copper phthalocyanines.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula I or II ##STR1## are described, in which M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 individually are --OH or together are --O--, R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-20 -alkyl, C.sub.2-5 -alkenyl, C.sub.3-5 -alkynyl, C.sub.5-12 -cycloalkyl, benzyl, phenyl or toluyl, X is --NO.sub.2, --OR', --SR' or --SO.sub.2 R' and the (R')s independently of one another are C.sub.1-20 -alkyl, C.sub.3-5 -alkenyl, C.sub.3-5 -alkynyl, C.sub.2-4 -monohydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1-12 -halogenoalkyl, benzyl, C.sub.5-12 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, carboxyphenyl, halogenophenyl, nitrophenyl, alkyl- or alkoxy-phenyl each having 1-4 C atoms in the alkyl or alkoxy moieties, or acetylaminophenyl. The compounds (I) and compounds (II) in which M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 together are --O-- are suitable as sensitizers for photocrosslinkable polymers or as initiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds or for the photochemical crosslinking of polyolefins.