Abstract: Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical composition compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat nephropathy, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Abstract: The invention is directed to multi-functional N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives comprising a water soluble and non-peptidic polymer backbone having a terminal carbon, such as a poly(alkylene glycol), the terminal carbon of the polymer backbone being directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of a N-maleimidyl moiety without a linking group therebetween. The invention also provides two methods of preparing such linkerless N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives.

Abstract: An (aza)indole derivative substituted in position 5, of formula (I) in which X, Y, Z, G1, G2, G3, R1, W, and R2 have the meanings given in the description, a pharmaceutical composition comprising it, and also intermediate compounds and a preparation process therefor.

Abstract: A diamond nanoparticle can be functionalized with a substituted dienophile under ambient conditions, and in the absence of catalysts or additional reagents. The functionalization is thought to proceed through an addition reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds from mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea. The present invention also relates to a composition and a method for treating or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Abstract: The invention is directed to multi-functional N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives comprising a water soluble and non-peptidic polymer backbone having a terminal carbon, such as a poly(alkylene glycol), the terminal carbon of the polymer backbone being directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of a N-maleimidyl moiety without a linking group therebetween. The invention also provides two methods of preparing such linkerless N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes and reagents for making diaryliodonium salts, which are useful for the preparation of fluorinated, iodinated, astatinated and radiofluorinated aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for preparing dithiine-tetracarboxy-diimides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for delivering polynucleotides or other cell-impermeable molecules to mammalian cells. Described are polyconjugates systems that incorporate targeting, anti-opsonization, anti-aggregation, and transfection activities into small biocompatible in vivo delivery vehicles. The use of multiple reversible or labile linkages connecting component parts provides for physiologically responsive activity modulation.

Abstract: New compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising active ingredients having inhibition effects on osteoclast differentiation are provided. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising the new compounds can be used as medicines for treating metabolic bone diseases such as bone metastatic cancer, solid cancer bone metastasis, musculoskeletal complication by solid cancer bone metastasis, hypercalcemia by malignant tumor, multiple myeloma, primary bone tumor, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, inflammatory resorption of alveolar bone, inflammatory resorption of bone, and Paget's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I): wherein X is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, or a substituent. and R is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, phenyl , aryl as specified and Y is selected from H, hydroxy, as specified and R1 is selected from H, methyl , alkyl, C1-18 straight, branched or cyclic, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbyl groups, which aromatic groups may be heterocyclic, cyclic or acyclic and which may optionally be substituted by alkyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, aryl, benzyl, arlyoxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, sulphur equivalents of said oxy, carbonyl and oxycarbonyl moieties, and oxo as specified. The invention also relates to their uses as CCK receptor ligands and CCK antagonists and their medicinal applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lactams of formulae (I) and (II). The present invention further relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment of microbial infections and microbial contamination of surfaces, particularly infections and surface contaminations characterised by biofilm formation. Further provided are compounds of formula (I) and (II) substituted with acrylate or methacrylate groups and their attachment to surfaces or polymers to inhibit microbial contamination.

Abstract: A sulfonic acid onium salt represented by the following formula (1) can be used as a superior radiosensitive acid generator for resist compositions. It is possible to form a good pattern by using a resist composition containing this sulfonic acid onium salt. In formula (1), R1 represents a monovalent organic group, and Q+ represents a sulfonium cation or iodonium cation.

Abstract: The main aim of the invention is to provide a polymerizable compound that is excellent in the stability of a liquid crystal phase, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and an anisotropic polymer in which the optical anisotropy can be adjusted and a uniform orientation is excellent. An anisotropic polymer having a uniform orientation formed by polymerization of a paint film that was prepared by application of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition including a compound represented by formula (1) having a benzyl ester moiety in the minor axis direction of the molecule to a supporting substrate; wherein at least one of Ra is a polymerizable group, A is a divalent cyclic-structure group, B is phenyl that may have a substituent, Y and Z are a single bond or alkylene, and m and n are an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of new and known maleimide salts for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, and also to methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection, in the household and hygiene sectors and in materials protection, and also to crop protection compositions comprising these maleimide salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanomaterials and/or carbon micromaterials, in particular multi-wall carbon nanotubes. This method is characterized according to the invention in that the materials, in particular the side walls of the materials, undergo microwave-assisted functionalization. In addition, a correspondingly modified material is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a product comprising a solid substrate and a moiety of formula (I) linked thereto: wherein X, X? and R are as defined herein. The product is useful for immobilising target molecules such as molecules of biochemical interest to solid substrates for numerous applications, such as affinity chromatography, ELISA, biotechnological assay techniques and solid phase peptide synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a compound containing a moiety of formula (I) as a reagent for linking a compound of formula R1—H which comprises a first functional moiety of formula F1 to a second functional moiety of formula F2 wherein X, X?, Y, R1, F1 and F2 are as defined herein. The present invention also provides related processes and products. The present invention is useful for creating functional conjugate compounds, and specifically conjugates in which at least one of the constituent molecules carries a thiol group.

Abstract: We describe pH-sensitive endosomolytic polymers, delivery particles containing pH-sensitive endosomolytic polymers. The described particles are capable of delivering polynucleotides to cells from the peripheral circulation with subsequent release from endosomes. The endosomolytic polymers are inactive outside the cell but disrupt membranes upon exposure to an acidified endosomal compartment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of unsaturated acylamidoalkylpolyhydroxy acid amides by reacting the reaction product of polyhydroxy acid lactone and aliphatic diamine with the anhydride of a monounsaturated carboxylic acid, to the unsaturated acylamidoalkylpolyhydroxy acid amides and also to a process for the preparation of polymers of unsaturated acylamidoalkylpolyhydroxy acid amides.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Abstract: The rolling bearing includes an inner ring, and an outer ring which is arranged in a concave part which is formed in a fixing member so as not to rotate in a state preloaded in an axial direction toward the inner ring by way of a rolling element, with the fixing member at a bottom surface of the concave part. Moreover, a vibration isolating part formed of a laminated body including a pair of metal layers and a resin layer which is thinner than these metal layers and interposed between them is press clamped to be disposed between an end surface of the outer ring at a preloaded side in the axial direction and the bottom surface of the concave part, in such a manner that a direction of lamination may coincide with the axial direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of exposing particles to cytoplasm comprising introducing particles into a live cell; allowing the live cell to contact a cytoplasm exposure additive which can expose the particles from endocytic vesicles to cytoplasm in the cell with maintaining its physiological, biochemical, or biological environment as undamaged; and allowing the particles to be exposed from the endocytic vesicles to the cytoplasm. The present invention is advantageous in that particles delivered into cells can be effectively exposed to cytoplasm from endocytic vesicles in intact cells which maintain their physiological, biochemical, or biological environment as undamaged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing N-substituted maleimide in high purity and high yield, wherein, unlike a conventional method of preparing N-substituted maleimide after preparing N-substituted maleamic acid, an organic solvent, an acid catalyst, a dehydration co-catalyst and a stabilizer are added into a reactor without separately preparing N-substituted maleamic acid, and then a primary amine is added into the reactor to form an amine salt, maleic anhydride is added into the reactor, and the resulting mixture is subjected to a dehydration-cyclization reaction, wherein water produced during the reaction is azeotropically distilled with the organic solvent so as to effectively suppress formation of a maleimide polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide labelled with fluorine-18 for the specific recognition of lipid vectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, as well as to compositions, methods and kits comprising such compounds, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, Gulf War syndrome and related conditions, wherein the compound is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor and/or a carbohydrate oxidation activator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds from mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea. The present invention also relates to a composition and a method for treating or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Abstract: The compounds are indolylmaleimide derivatives comprising either a substituted pyridyl or indolyl residue. The compounds have interesting pharmaceutical properties, e.g. in the treatment and/or prevention of T-cell mediated acute or chronic inflammatory diseases or disorders, autoimmune diseases, or acute or chronic transplant rejection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds from Antrodia camphorata and the use thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal thermoset (LCT) monomer or oligomer having both ends capped with maleimide having at least one methyl group, represented by Formula 1: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently CH3 or H, and at least one of R1 and R2 is a methyl group, and Ar1 is a divalent organic group containing one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of ester, amide, ester amide, ester imide and ether imide units, and Ar1 has a molecular weight not greater than 5,000.

Abstract: Optically active maleimide derivatives of the formula: (where the various substituents are as defined in the description) are used as separating media for separating optical isomers and geometrical isomers such as by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: Method of preparation of maleimides by thermal cyclization of maleamic acids in the presence of a catalyst consists in that reaction of a substituted maleic anhydride with a primary amine is performed in an organic solvent in the presence of betaine at a temperature of 100 to 180° C., at a ratio of the primary amine to the substituted maleic anhydride of 0.6:1.6. Maleimides, obtained in this way, are further purified by extraction, and finally, they are crystallized. As a catalyst, there may be also used betaine in a mixture with inorganic and organic acids, or betaine may be deposited on a solid carrier, or possibly, betaine may be deposited on a carrier in combination with inorganic acids.

Abstract: The present invention features maleiimide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions of maleiimide compounds and methods of treating a patient suffering from cancer, the method comprising administering to a patient one or more maleiimide compounds of the invention.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing unsaturated imidoalkoxysilane which comprises imidating substantially water-free Diels-Alder protected unsaturated N-substituted cyclic imide with aminosilane to provide Diels-Alder protected unsaturated imidoalkoxysilane without the use of chemical desiccants. The Diels-Alder protected unsaturated imidoalkoxysilane produced is then deprotected to provide unsaturated imidoalkoxysilane and the Diels-Alder protecting diene is regenerated to the process. A Diels-Alder intermediate is also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for preparing maleimides, polyimides and maleimide-terminated polyimides. Specifically disclosed are methods for preparing maleimides from N-substituted maleamic acids in the presence of an alcohol catalyst and an acid co-catalyst in a solvent. Also disclosed are methods for preparing polyimides by reacting a diamine with a dianhydride in a reaction medium that includes a solvent and a polar protic co-solvent. Further provided are methods for preparing maleimide-terminated polyimides from diamines in an aromatic solvent containing a polar protic co-solvent.

Abstract: Optically active maleimide derivatives of the formula: (where the various substituents are as defined in the description) are used as separating media for separating optical isomers and geometrical isomers such as by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: An exchange membrane containing modified maleimide oligomers comprising sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (S-PAEK) and modified maleimide oligomers. The exchange membrane uses the modified maleimide oligomers having a hyper-branched architecture as matrix, and introduces them into S-PAEK to constitute semi-interpenetration network (semi-IPN), so as to intensify water holding capacity, chemical resistance, the electrochemical stability and thermal resistance of the ionic/proton exchange membrane. The exchange membrane can be used to fabricate the membrane electrode assemblies, fuel cells, and be applied them to the fields of seawater desalination, heavy water and sewage treatment, and biomass-energy resources.

Abstract: Optically active maleimide derivatives of the formula: (where the various substituents are as defined in the description) are used as separating media for separating optical isomers and geometrical isomers such as by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: Method of preparation of maleimides by thermal cyclization of maleamic acids in the presence of a catalyst consists in that reaction of a substituted maleic anhydride with a primary amine is performed in an organic solvent in the presence of betaine at a temperature of 100 to 180° C., at a ratio of the primary amine to the substituted maleic anhydride of 0.6:1.6. Maleimides, obtained in this way, are further purified by extraction, and finally, they are crystallized. As a catalyst, there may be also used betaine in a mixture with inorganic and organic acids, or betaine may be deposited on a solid carrier, or possibly, betaine may be deposited on a carrier in combination with inorganic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel chemiluminescent substances prepared by freezing or lyophilizing a solution of a peroxidized nitrogen-containing five-membered cyclic compound. The chemiluminescent substances have a sensitivity comparable to that of luminol chemiluminescence, are highly water soluble, have no incorporation of impurities, are not degraded during storage, have high reproducibility in measurement results, and are very suitable for use in the detection and quantification of various substances in many applications, e.g., clinical applications.

Abstract: Optically active maleimide derivatives of the formula: (where the various substituents are as defined in the description) are used as separating media for separating optical isomers and geometrical isomers such as by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyloxypyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; one of Q1 and T1 represents a group represented by the general formula: while the other represents a lower alkyl group or a halo(lower alkyl) group; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a halo(lower alkyl) group or a halogen atom, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, diabetic complications or obesity, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel mixture and maleic and succinic acid derivatives from mycelium of Antrodia Camphorata and the medical use thereof. The present invention relates to the composition or mycelium comprising the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel thermosetting resin compositions which do not require solvent to provide a system having suitable viscosity for convenient handling. Invention compositions have the benefit of undergoing rapid cure. The resulting thermosets are stable to elevated temperatures, are highly flexible, have low moisture uptake and are consequently useful in a variety of applications, e.g., in adhesive applications since they display good adhesion to both the substrate and the device attached thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a maleimide group-containing polymer particle containing a crosslinked polymer particle containing a group represented by the following formula (1) and to a method of producing the maleimide group-containing crosslinked polymer particle by reacting hydroxymethylmaleimide with a hydroxyl group-containing polymer particle obtained by introducing a polyethylene glycol into a crosslinked polymer particle: wherein n denotes an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides several classes of compounds which can be used to inactivate retroviruses, such as HIV-1, by attacking the CCHC zinc fingers of the viral nucleocapsid protein and ejecting the zinc therefrom. In addition, kits for identifying compounds that can react with CCHC zinc fingers of the nucleocapsid proteins of a large number of different retroviruses have also been developed. The kits of the present invention describe a set of specific tests and reagents that can be used to screen and identify compounds based on their ability to react with and disrupt retroviral zinc fingers in the viral NC proteins and, in turn, inactivate the retrovirus of interest.

Abstract: This invention features a compound having the formula: X is O or NR1; and each of Y and Z, independently, is in which each of R1, R2, R3, and R4, independently, is alkyl, cyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; Ar1 is aralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and Ar2 is cyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or Ar1 and Ar2 taken together is heterocyclyl, aralkyl, or heteroaryl. This compound can be used as a red light emitting material in an electro-luminescence device.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of CCR3 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of asthma and other allergic diseases.

Abstract: An acid decomposable compound of the present invention is a compound having acid decomposable groups and thermally-bond-formable groups in one molecule in a certain order. The acid decomposable compound contains at least a core structure, acid decomposable groups which are binding to the core structure and thermally-bond-formable groups which are binding to the acid decomposable groups, wherein the thermally-bond-formable groups undergo Diels-Alder Reactions, metathesis reactions or other thermal-addition reactions.

Abstract: Optically active maleimide derivatives of the formula: 1