Abstract: Provided are a quaternary ammonium salt and a preparation method and use thereof as an inhibitor, and a water-based drilling fluid and use thereof. The quaternary ammonium salt has a structure shown in formula I, wherein, in the formula I, R1 is selected from the group consisting of —H and —COOH; R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H and —CH2—COOH; R3 is selected from the group consisting of —NH—CH2—CH2—CH2—NH2, —NH—CH2—CH2—NH2, —NH—CH2—CH2—OH, —O—CH2—CH2—NH2, —N—(CH2—CH2—OH)2, and —O—CH2—CH2—NH—CH2—CH2—OH; and n and m are independently 10 to 15.

Abstract: A benzocyclobutene-containing polyimide resin and a benzocyclobutene-containing polyimide resin composition are provided. The composition includes: (a) a filler: hollow silica, a perfluoroalkoxy alkane resin, or a combination thereof, and (b) a benzocyclobutene-containing polyimide resin with characteristics of high heat resistance, low dielectric property, low elastic modulus, and suitable for manufacturing a redistribution layer and a polyamide film of a semiconductor packaging material in a high-speed and high-frequency field.

Abstract: Polymers used as rolling lubricating agents, to compositions including said polymers, and to alkali metal films including the polymers or compositions on the surface(s) thereof. The use of said polymers and compositions is also described for strip-rolling alkali metals or alloys thereof in order to obtain thin films. Methods for producing said thin films, which are suitable for use in electrochemical cells, are also described. An improved lubricant according to formula I, which, for example, achieves enhanced conductivity, and/or enables the production of electrochemical cells having an improved life span in cycles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to linkers, containing amide surrogates with a regular or a novel lysosomal enzymatic cleavable dipeptidic unit, to connect cytotoxic drugs to antibodies. The present invention also relates to ADCs (antibody-drug conjugates) derived from these amide surrogate linkers for the treatment of cancers.

Abstract: An organic compound, a light modulating composition and a light modulating device are provided. The organic compound has a chemical structure represented by formula (I): X—Ar—X??(I) wherein X is Ar is The organic compound is transparent in its neutral state. The amide group or imide group introduced into the aromatic amine not only enhances the solubility of the organic compound in the solvent, but also enhances the electrochemical stability of the organic compound.

Abstract: Rinse-off of the volumizing compositions, having an acidic pH, and in the form of a lotion, gel or cream are disclosed. The compositions include one or more linear hairstyling polymers which exhibit polar behavior in acidic pH, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, together with a selected group of polycationic hairstyling polymers, such as polyquaternium-37. The compositions not only provide a strong hair volumizing effect, but that effect is durable, being retained after two or more shampooing operations of the hair. The compositions are used by applying an effective amount to wet hair, leaving the composition for at least about three minutes, and rinsing the composition out of the hair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the enantio-selective preparation of spyrrolidine derivatives useful in the manufacture of pesticidally active compounds, as well as to intermediates in the processes. The processes include those comprising (a-i) reacting a compound of formula Ia wherein P is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted, wherein the heteroaryl is connected at P via a ring carbon atom; R1 is chlorodifluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; R2 is aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted; with a source of cyanide in the presence a chiral catalyst to give a compound of formula IIa wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula Ia; and (a-ii) oxidizing the compound of formula IIa with a peroxy acid, or peroxide in the presence of an acid to give a compound of formula VI wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula Ia.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing 2-pyrrolidone (also called 2-pyrrolidinone) and N-methylpyrrolidone (also called N-methylpyrrolidinone) from diammonium succinate in fermentation broth. In the first stage of this invention, renewable carbon resources are utilized to produce diammonium succinate through biological fermentation. In the second stage of this present invention, diammonium succinate is converted into 2-pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone through a two step reaction. Both the steps of the reaction leading to the production of 2-pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone are carried out in a solvent phase to prevent the loss of succinimide through hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a low dielectric constant resin formulation comprising 20-150 parts by weight of diisocyanate, 20-400 parts by weight of poly(2,6-dialkyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), and 200-650 parts by weight of a solvent. The present disclosure also provides a low dielectric constant resin prepolymer, composition, and composite produced from the above formulation, and a method for preparing the low dielectric constant resin prepolymer solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compound of the formula I or a tribologically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, or proadditive thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R4 are as defined herein. Such novel pyrrolidine, or succinimide, derivatives may be useful as friction modifiers in lubricant compositions. This disclosure also relates to a method of using such friction modifier compounds in lubricating fluid formulations to lubricate machine parts, including gear, axle, engine, and transmission parts, and to lubricant compositions containing such friction modifier compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the enantio-selective preparation of spyrrolidine derivatives useful in the manufacture of pesticidally active compounds, as well as to intermediates in the processes. The processes include those comprising (a-i) reacting a compound of formula Ia wherein P is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted, wherein the heteroaryl is connected at P via a ring carbon atom; R1 is chlorodifluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; R2 is aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted; with a source of cyanide in the presence a chiral catalyst to give a compound of formula IIa wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula Ia; and (a-ii) oxidising the compound of formula IIa with a peroxy acid, or peroxide in the presence of an acid to give a compound of formula VI wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula Ia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a melanin production inhibitor which has an excellent inhibitory activity on the production of melanin and is highly safe. The melanin production inhibitor is represented by general formula (1) (excluding clotrimazole) and/or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. In the formula, A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an aryl group which may have a substituent, and an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I), wherein: R1 is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; La is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl linker, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 carbocycle, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; and R2 and R3 are each, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl; or alternatively, R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.

Abstract: Methods and processes for preparation and production of deuterated ?-diphenylurea are disclosed. Especially, a kind of deuterated ?-diphenylurea compounds which can inhibit phosphokinase and the preparation method of N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N?-(4-(2-(N-d3-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pridinyloxy)phenyl)urea are disclosed. The said deuterated diphenylurea compounds can be used for treating or preventing tumors and relative diseases.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compound of the formula I or a tribologically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, or proadditive thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R4 are as defined herein. Such novel pyrrolidine, or succinimide, derivatives may be useful as friction modifiers in lubricant compositions. This disclosure also relates to a method of using such friction modifier compounds in lubricating fluid formulations to lubricate machine parts, including gear, axle, engine, and transmission parts, and to lubricant compositions containing such friction modifier compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compound of the formula I or a tribologically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, or proadditive thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R4 are as defined herein. Such novel pyrrolidine, or succinimide, derivatives may be useful as friction modifiers in lubricant compositions. This disclosure also relates to a method of using such friction modifier compounds in lubricating fluid formulations to lubricate machine parts, including gear, axle, engine, and transmission parts, and to lubricant compositions containing such friction modifier compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of reactive fluorescent agents that are based on a pyrene sulfonic acid nucleus. The agents are readily incorporated into conjugates with other species by reacting the reactive group with a group of complementary reactivity on the other species of the conjugate. Also provided are methods of using the compounds of the invention to detect and/or quantify an analyte in a sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the invention provides multi-color assays incorporating the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2-difluoroethylamine, comprising the reaction of 2,2-difluoro-1-chloroethane with an imide of the formula (II) in the presence of an acid scavenger, to give a compound of the formula (III) in which, in the compounds of the formulae (II) and (III), R1 and R2 are, each independently of one another, hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl or R1 and R2 form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, a six-membered aromatic ring which is optionally substituted; and the cleavage of 2,2-difluoroethylamine by reaction of the compound of the formula (III) with acid, base or hydrazine.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): The invention likewise relates to a cosmetic method for depigmenting, lightening and/or whitening keratin materials, more particularly the skin, that utilizes these compounds

Abstract: Natural and synthetic compounds having a lactone structure methods for alleviation of pain, especially pain associated with disorders such as melanoma, leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, liver cancer, and lymphatic cancer. Initial studies have shown that patients can be taken off of morphine when the preferred alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone is administered in a dosage of between 60 and 120 mg/day intramuscularly.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel aromatic ketone compounds with functional substiution groups at para- or meta positions which can be used as photo-initiators or effective components of photo-initiator mixtures for the photopolymerizations of ethylenically unsaturated systems. The preparation of these compounds is also disclosed.

Abstract: The production of compounds comprising nitrile functions and of cyclic imide compounds is described. Further described, is the production of compounds comprising nitrile functions from compounds comprising carboxylic functions, optionally of natural and renewable origin, and from a mixture N of dinitriles comprising 2-methylglutaronitrile (MGN), 2-ethylsuccinonitrile (ESN) and adiponitrile (AdN).

Abstract: An initiator for the terminal group of the polymer product of an atom or group radical transfer polymerisation has an activated carboxyl or an amine group which is reacted with an amine or carboxyl (respectively) group containing biologically active compound. The initiator is preferably 4-(3-(2-bromo, 2-methyl-propionate)phenyl)-propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester or 2-bromo, 2-methyl-propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The monomers preferably comprise a zwitterionic monomer such as 2-methacryloxyethyl-2?-trimethyl ammoniumethyl phosphate inner salt.

Abstract: A sulfonic acid onium salt represented by the following formula (1) can be used as a superior radiosensitive acid generator for resist compositions. It is possible to form a good pattern by using a resist composition containing this sulfonic acid onium salt. In formula (1), R1 represents a monovalent organic group, and Q+ represents a sulfonium cation or iodonium cation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a low dielectric constant resin formulation comprising 20-150 parts by weight of diisocyanate, 20-400 parts by weight of poly(2,6-dialkyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), and 200-650 parts by weight of a solvent. The present disclosure also provides a low dielectric constant resin prepolymer, composition, and composite produced from the above formulation, and a method for preparing the low dielectric constant resin prepolymer solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are an intermediate compound of N-(1,1,1-trideuterated methyl)phthalimide, and its use in the preparation of deuterated diphenylurea derivative.

Abstract: A graft copolymer containing one or more ethylenically-unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing graftable monomers grafted to a polyolefin is disclosed. Novel monomers, methods of making such monomers, and graft copolymers comprising such monomers are based on reacting an acylating agent with an amine to form a reaction product. The reaction product may include more than one chemical compound formed from the combination of the acylating agent and the amine. The monomer is the graftable, ethylenically unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compound(s) of the reaction product. The monomer may, but need not, be recovered from the product mixture. The preferred monomer is the reaction product of malcic anhydride and 4-aminodiphenylamine. Also described is a method of making a dispersant viscosity index improver. The monomer of the present invention may be grafted to a polyolefin in solutions or melts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemistry branch, particularly to the field of compounds' organic synthesis that belongs to the aromatic bicyclic or naphthalene category, used in the detection of amyloid sheets. These new naphthalene derivatives have a general formula: Wherein R represents mutually independent groups. In I: R1:-alkylenyl-C(O)NH-alkylenyl-R3, -alkylenyl-C(O)O—R4, R3:—COOH, —OH, —SH, —NH2, -alkyl-NH-alkyl-N-dithiocarbamate alkaline earth metal salts, R4: H, succinimidyl group, R2: —H,-alkyl. In II: R1: -alkyl, -alkylenyl-halide-alkylenyl-hydroxyl-alkylenyl-O-aryl, —O-alkylsulfonate alkylenyl, R2: -halide-alkylenyl-O-aryl, -alkylenyl-O-alkylsulfonate, -alkylenyl-halide-, —CH(O), —HC?C(CN)2, —HC?CHNO2, -alkylenyl-NH2, -alkylenyl-NH-alkyl, -alkylenyl-alkyl-N-dithiocarbamate alkaline salts. The terms “alkyl” and “alkylenyl” refer to linear or branched aliphatic chains, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the term halide to fluorine, bromine or iodine.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2-difluoroethylamine, comprising the reaction of 2,2-difluoro-1-chloroethane with an imide of the formula (II) in the presence of an acid scavenger, to give a compound of the formula (III) in which, in the compounds of the formulae (II) and (III), R1 and R2 are, each independently of one another, hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl or R1 and R2 form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, a six-membered aromatic ring which is optionally substituted; and the cleavage of 2,2-difluoroethylamine by reaction of the compound of the formula (III) with acid, base or hydrazine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: Natural and synthetic compounds having a lactone structure methods for alleviation of pain, especially pain associated with disorders such as melanoma, leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, liver cancer, and lymphatic cancer. Initial studies have shown that patients can be taken off of morphine when the preferred alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone is administered in a dosage of between 60 and 120 mg/day intramuscularly.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a lubricating composition.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: There are described compounds having the general formula (I) below and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein E, X, m, q, R1, R2, n and ZBG have the meanings reported in the description useful, in therapy, as inhibitors of zinc metalloproteinases.

Abstract: Novel agents exhibiting anti-biofilm formation activity while being non-cytotoxic are provided, as well as methods of using the same, either per se or conjugated to a polymer, for preventing and/or reducing the formation of microbial biofilms and/or for disrupting microbial biofilms. The novel agents described herein include thiazolidine-2,4-diones (TZDs), pyrrolidine-2,5-diones (PYDs), imidazolidine-2,4-diones or oxazolidine-2,4-diones, substituted by an alkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms in its backbone chain.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.

Abstract: Disclosed is a melanin production inhibitor which has an excellent inhibitory activity on the production of melanin and is highly safe. The melanin production inhibitor comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) (excluding clotrimazole), and/or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for processing biomass comprising heating an aqueous slurry comprising biomass, water and a phosphate catalyst in a pressure vessel at a temperature of about 150° C. to about 500° C. to produce a mixture comprising a dispersion of an organic phase and an aqueous phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound II or a composition comprising the compound II to a composition comprising succinimide and to a composition prepared by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: Ultrasensitive detection of a chemical substance (analyte) by mass spectrometry is achieved by employing a molecular tag that yields an intense parent ion and then an intense daughter ion in a multi-stage mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A polyalkenyl succinic anhydride is prepared with low amounts of resinous or chlorinated byproducts in a two-step process whereby a polyalkene is first reacted with an unsaturated organic acid in a thermal ene reaction, followed with exposure to a gaseous halogen in presence of an additional amount of the unsaturated organic acidic reagent. The foregoing process produces a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride having a high ratio of succinic anhydride functional groups to polyisobutenyl backbone groups. Such a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is particular suitable for the production of oil-soluble hydrocarbyl succinimides that have good dispersant properties when added to lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of formula I where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, Ar, Q1, Q2 and Q3 are each as defined below. The compounds of the formula I have antithrombotic activity and inhibit especially protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). The invention further relates to a process for preparing the compound of the formula I and to the use thereof as a medicament.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a fuel composition comprising a deposit-modifying effective amount of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide; a detergent; and a fuel. A method for reducing deposit formation is also disclosed.

Abstract: A highly active and environment-friendly catalyst for use in a living radical polymerization is provided. A catalyst for use in a living radical polymerization method is provided. The catalyst comprises a central element, which is selected from nitrogen and phosphorus, and at least one halogen atom, which is bound to the central element. A monomer having a radical reactive unsaturated bond is subjected to a radical polymerization reaction in the presence of the catalyst, thereby it is possible to obtain a polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution. The present invention has the merits such as low toxicity of the catalyst, a small amount of the catalyst being required, high solubility of the catalyst in the polymerization media, mild reaction conditions, no coloration, no odor (unnecessary post-treatment of molded products). The method of the present invention is more environment-friendly and economical than other living radical polymerization methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isoquinoline compound represented by the following formula (I), an optically active form thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a water adduct thereof, a hydrate thereof and a solvate thereof, as well as an agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a disease caused by hyperreactivity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, containing the compound, and a poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor containing the compound. In addition, this compound is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cerebral infarction, particularly as an agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Furthermore, this compound is useful as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent that improves neurological symptoms associated with cerebral infarction, particularly acute cerebral infarction. wherein the symbols are the same as defined in the description.