Abstract: The present invention provides a scalable synthesis of enantiomerically pure brivaracetam, and related derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for producing NEP inhibitors or prodrugs thereof, in particular NEP inhibitors comprising a ?-amino-?-biphenyl-?-methylalkanoic acid, or acid ester, backbone. In detail, the new processes, according to the present invention, are ultimately related to the synthesis of intermediates to prepare the above NEP inhibitors, namely compounds according to formula (1), or salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently of each other, hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, and R3 is a carboxyl group or an ester group, preferably carboxyl group or alkyl ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to (among other things) oligomer-containing pyrrolidine compounds. A compound of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits one or more advantages over corresponding compounds lacking the oligomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carboxamide compounds and their use for the manufacture of a medicament. The carboxamide compounds are inhibitors of calpain (calcium dependant cysteine proteases). The invention therefore also relates to the use of these carboxamide compounds for treating a disorder associated with an elevated calpain activity. The carboxamide compounds are compounds of the general formula I in which R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4, Q, Y, A and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims and the description, the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof. In particular, the compounds have the general formula Ia and Ib in which R1, r, R2b, R3a, R3b, R4, Y and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims, including the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds having a structure selected from among Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV), Formula (V) and Formula (VI) that are androgen receptor modulators and/or androgen receptor binding agents. Also disclosed are methods of making and using such compounds, including, but not limited to, using such compounds for treating various conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optically enriched or substantially optically pure 4-substituted-pyrrolidin-2-ones of formula (III), and their uses for the synthesis of 2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl derivatives.

Abstract: There is provided an organic nonlinear optical material including a polymer binder and a compound represented by the following Formula (I): wherein, in Formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and L represents a divalent linking group connecting a nitrogen atom and an oxopyrroline ring having a dicyanomethylidene group in a ?-conjugated system containing an azo group (—N?N—).

Abstract: Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions of general formula (I) or (I?) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods for treating an inflammatory disorder: wherein: z is 1, 2 or 4; X is —CO—Yk—(R1)n; k is 0 or 1; Y is a cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or polycycloalkenyl group; each R1 is a branched chain alkyl group; n is any integer from 1 to m, where m is the maximum number of substitutions permissible on the cyclo-group Y; and the compound comprises an amino lactam ring linked to an alkyl group —Yk—(R1)n by an amide group, wherein the carbon atom in the alkyl group at the 2-position relative to the carbon atom of the amide carbonyl is linked to each of the carbon atom of the amide carbonyl and three other carbon atoms by a single bond, and wherein the 2-position carbon atom has essentially tetrahedral bond angles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound (RS)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide having modulatory activity with a commensurate effect, to a pharmaceutical substance (RS)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide containing: 2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide—no less than 99.0% and no more than 100.5% on dry basis, individual related impurities individually or in total—no more than 0.2%; residual amounts of organic solvents individually or in total—no more than 3000 ppm. The invention also relates to a method for producing the pharmaceutical substance differing in that the obtained raw materials are subjected to purification, crystallization and stabilization of the compound by processing it with demineralized (distilled) water, and the isothermal crystallization from propanol followed by drying. The invention also relates to compositions for internal and external application. The invention provides higher efficacy, safety, stability and width of therapeutic application.

Abstract: Inhibitors of BACE1 and compositions containing them are described. Use of the inhibitors and compositions containing them to treat Alzheimer's disease are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a sulfonylpyrrole compound useful as a pharmaceutical product, a production method of an intermediate used for the method, and a novel intermediate. The present invention relates to a method of producing sulfonylpyrrole compound (VIII), which includes reducing compound (III) and hydrolyzing the reduced product to give compound (IV), subjecting compound (IV) to a sulfonylation reaction to give compound (VI), and subjecting compound (VI) to an amination reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to the 5S,4R-enantiomer of 2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide with cognition enhancing activity of high pharmacological value and to its preparation method which includes the synthesis of 5S-methyl-4R-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one, its N-alkylation with ethyl haloacetate and the treatment of intermediate ethyl 2-(5S-methyl-2-oxo-4R-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetate with ammonia.

Abstract: Levetiracetam (LEV) derivatives, methods for synthesizing LEV derivatives, and immunodiagnostic assays for LEV. The synthesis methods described herein include chirally-selective, liquid-phase synthesis steps to produce selected LEV derivatives in high-yield. LEV derivatives can include operative groups, such as: immunogenic moieties that can be used to prepare anti-LEV antibodies; antigenic moieties that can be used in immunodiagnostic assays for LEV; or tracer moieties that can be used in immunodiagnostic assays. Additionally, the LEV derivatives can be used in immunodiagnostic assays to compete with LEV for anti-LEV antibodies.

Abstract: The invention relates to (among other things) oligomer-containing pyrrolidine compounds. A compound of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits one or more advantages over corresponding compounds lacking the oligomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: Antiviral protease inhibitors, including peptidyl aldehydes, peptidyl ?-ketoamides, peptidyl bisulfite salts, and peptidyl heterocycles, are disclosed, along with related antiviral compounds, and methods of using the same to treat or prevent viral infection and disease. The compounds possess broad-spectrum activity against viruses that belong to the picornavirus-like supercluster, which include important human and animal pathogens including noroviruses, enteroviruses, poliovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, hepatitis A virus, human rhinovirus (cause of common cold), human coronavirus (another cause of common cold), transmissible gastroenteritis virus, murine hepatitis virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Abstract: Tricyclic chemical modulators of FOXO transcription factor proteins are disclosed. The compounds are useful to treat cancer, age-onset proteotoxicity, stress-induced depression, inflammation, and acne.

Abstract: The invention relates to the 5S,4R-enantiomer of 2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide with cognition enhancing activity of high pharmacological value and to its preparation method which includes the synthesis of 5S-methyl-4R-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one, its N-alkylation with ethyl haloacetate and the treatment of intermediate ethyl 2-(5S-methyl-2-oxo-4R-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetate with ammonia.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are defined as set forth in the specification. The compounds are agonists of neurotrophin (such as nerve growth factor) receptors.

Abstract: The invention relates to (among other things) oligomer-containing pyrrolidine compounds. A compound of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits one or more advantages over corresponding compounds lacking the oligomer.

Abstract: Benzenesulfonamide compounds having a structure of the following general formula (I) are described. Also described, are methods for synthesizing the compounds, and to the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions for human or veterinary medicine and in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyaminoisoprenyl derivatives in antibiotic or antiseptic treatment of bacteria including those presenting multiple drug resistance (MDR), in particular as efflux pump inhibitors. It also relates to novel polyaminoisoprenyl derivatives, compositions comprising the same, process for preparing the same, and use thereof in antibiotic or antiseptic treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new co-crystals of pyrrolidinones having the formula (I) wherein R1 is a C-1-C6 alkyl group. R2 is a C-1-C6 alkyl group which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogens or R2 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group.

Abstract: This application discloses a novel process to synthesize 8-[{1-(3,5-Bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-ethoxy}-methyl]-8-phenyl-1,7-diaza-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one compounds, which may be used, for example, as NK-1 inhibitor compounds in pharmaceutical preparations, intermediates useful in said process, and processes for preparing said intermediates; also disclosed is a process for removal of metals from N-heterocyclic carbine metal complexes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for producing NEP inhibitors or prodrugs thereof, in particular NEP inhibitors comprising a ?-amino-?-biphenyl-?-methylalkanoic acid, or acid ester, backbone. In detail, the new processes, according to the present invention, are ultimately related to the synthesis of intermediates to prepare the above NEP inhibitors, namely compounds according to formula (1), or salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently of each other, hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, and R3 is a carboxyl group or an ester group, preferably carboxyl group or alkyl ester.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, and stroke (MELAS), Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS), are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as 4-(p-quinolyl)-2-hydroxybutanamide derivatives. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and pervasive developmental disorders such as autism are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing linear polymers having an amide end or having a star architecture comprising an amide core, by means of a ring opening using lactide and glycolide monomers or a lactide monomer ring in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the method includes the steps of: (i) reacting the excess monomer(s) with an initiator in a solvent, said initiator being selected from among an amine and an amino alcohol, given that the initiator has at least one primary or secondary amine function; (ii) adding a catalyst, said catalyst being a non-nucleophilic base and including at least one neutral sp2 nitrogen atom; and (iii) neutralizing the reaction mixture. Said novel method is particularly advantageous in that it can be easily monitored and enables better modulation of the polymers, and thus of the properties thereof, than the methods of the prior art. The invention also relates to novel polymers that are obtainable by means of said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, particularly ophthalmic diseases and disorders. Provided herein are substituted heterocyclic amine derivative compound and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The subject compositions are useful for treating and preventing ophthalmic diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's Disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the generation of a library of compounds enriched in agonist and antagonists for members of the G-protein coupled class of receptors (GPCRs). The library contains compounds of general formula (II) wherein: y is any integer from 1 to 8; X is —CO—R1 or —SO2—R1; each R1 is independently selected from an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylaminoalkyl, alkylaminodialkyl, or charged alkylaminotrialkyl, radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or each R1 is independently selected from oxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, aminodialkyl, or charged aminotrialkyl radical; and wherein the R1 radical has a “key” carbon next to the carbonyl of the carbon amide or the sulfonyl group of the sulfonamide which is di-substituted with the same or different groups selected from: alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl and alkylamino radicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carboxamide compounds and their use for the manufacture of a medicament. The carboxamide compounds are inhibitors of calpain (calcium dependant cysteine proteases). The invention therefore also relates to the use of these carboxamide compounds for treating a disorder associated with an elevated calpain activity. The carboxamide compounds are compounds of the general formula I in which R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4, Q, Y, A and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims and the description, the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof. In particular, the compounds have the general formula Ia and Ib in which R1, r, R2b, R3a, R3b, R4, Y and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims, including the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a dye for photoelectric conversion containing at least one or more kind of a compound represented by the following General Formula (1) (in Formula (1), R1 and R2 represent any one of —CN, —SO2R, —COOR, and —CONR2 (R represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group); R3 represents a direct bond or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group; X represents an acidic group; and D represents an organic group having an electron donating substituent or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group).

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a reactive monomer, and, in particular, coating and/or reactive coating compositions. More particularly, compositions containing monomers comprising a lactam moiety, a urethane or urea functional group, and a polymerizable moiety are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alternative processes for the preparation of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives of formula (I) Particularly, the present invention relates to alternative processes for the synthesis of levetiracetam, brivaracetam and seletracetam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new co-crystals of pyrrolidinones having the formula (I) wherein R1 is a C-1 -C6 alkyl group. R is a C-1-C6 alkyl group which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogens or R2 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to the 5S,4R-enantiomer of 2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide with cognition enhancing activity of high pharmacological value and to its preparation method which includes the synthesis of 5S-methyl-4R-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one, its N-alkylation with ethyl haloacetate and the treatment of intermediate ethyl 2-(5S-methyl-2-oxo-4R-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetate with ammonia.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed directed at levetiracetam derivatives, immunogens, signal generating moieties, antibodies that bind levetiracetam and immunoassays for detection of levetiracetam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing enantiomerically pure 4-pyrrolidinophenylbenzyl ether derivatives of formula I: wherein R1, R21, R22, R23, R24 and n are as defined in the description and claims and to intermediates useful in the method of the invention as well as salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new co-crystals of pyrrolidinones having the formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl group. R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogens or R2 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group.

Abstract: Compounds comprising a lactam moiety, and a urethane or urea functional group are presented. By a preferred synthesis route, they are prepared using at least one polymerizable compound comprising an isocyanate moiety and reacting it with at least one hydroxyalkyl lactam compound or one aminoalkyl lactam compound. In preferred embodiments the lactam moiety is a pyrrolidone or caprolactam ring, and the polymerizable compound is a functionalized aryl isocyanate. The compounds and homopolymers and non-homopolymers thereof find useful application in a wide variety of arts, including: adhesive, agricultural, biocides, cleaning, coating, electronics, encapsulation, membrane, microelectronics, oilfield, performance chemical, personal care, sealant, and sensor applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.

Abstract: A sulfur compound adsorbent for solvent extraction of coal and methods using the same to adsorb sulfur compounds and refine coal are provided. The adsorbent for solvent extraction of coal serves to remove sulfur compounds from an organic solvent containing a coal's combustible component resulting from solvent extraction of low-grade coal and is composed of any one or a mixture of two or more selected from among alkali earth metal oxide, alkali earth metal hydroxide, aluminum oxide and activated carbon.

Abstract: Benzenesulfonamide compounds having a structure of the following general formula (I) are described. Also described, are methods for synthesizing the compounds, and to the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions for human or veterinary medicine and in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to (among other things) oligomer-containing pyrrolidine compounds. A compound of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits one or more advantages over corresponding compounds lacking the oligomer.

Abstract: The present application describes general process for the preparation of amino-substituted gamma-lactams involving the reaction of synthons of the general Formulae (I) and (VI): with amines. The processes are amenable to solid phase synthetic techniques and therefore allow the efficient incorporation of amino-substituted gamma-lactams into a wide variety of structural scaffolds, including, in particular peptides.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker, which compounds may be represented by the structure of the following Formula I: wherein: (a) Z is —(CH2)n—, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 12; (b) R2. R3 and R4 are each independently H or a C1 to C6 straight-chain or branched alkyl group; and (c) A? is levulinate, [CF3—O—CFHCF2SO3]?, [CF3CF2OCFHCF2SO3]?, or [CF3CF2CF2OCFHCF2SO3]?.

Abstract: This invention relates to treating age-related cognitive impairment. This invention in particular relates to the use of inhibitors of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), such as levetiracetam, seletracetam, and brivaracetam, in improving cognitive function in subjects that exhibit age-related cognitive impairment or are at risk thereof, including, without limitation, subjects having or at risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Age-related Cognitive Decline (ARCD) or Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI).

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.